a. General characteristics.
b. Police systems.
c. Public service.
d. Prisons.
Chapter VIII. Political History, 1826-1920; Political Heritage of Colonial Times.
1. The three phases:
a. 1826-1850, Age of Dictators.
b. 1850-1876, Struggle for Stability.
c. 1876——, Rise of Great States and Economic Progress.
2. Typical dictators:
a. Garcia Moreno,—Ecuador.
b. Ramon Castilla,—Peru.
c. Rosas,—Argentina.
d. Paez and Guzman Blanco,—Venezuela.
e. Santa Anna and Diaz,—Mexico.
3. Progressive States of South America:
A. Argentina:
1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil; conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.
2. Rosas and Urquiza.
3. Mitre and Sarmiento.
4. Political program and stability; President Roca.
5. Economic development and growth of population.
6. The southward movement in Argentina.
7. Contemporary government and politics.
Suggested Readings: Koebel, Argentina, Past and Present; ——, The South Americans; Hirst, Argentina; Hammerton, The Real Argentine; Chandler, The Argentine Southward Movement, (Bulletin Pan. Am. Un., 1914).
Additional Readings: Martinez and Lewandowski, Argentina in the Twentieth Century; Merou, Historia de la Republica Argentina; V. F. Lopez, Historia de la Republica Argentina (Vols IX and X).
B. Brazil.
1. Brazil and Portugal, 1807-1822.
2. The empire: Pedro I and Pedro II.
3. Economic development; international relations.
4. Emancipation of slaves.
5. The Republic: early disorders; progress toward stability.
6. The westward movement in Brazil.
7. Colonization experiments—State and National.
8. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Denis, Brasil; Watson, Vol. II, 256-270; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 310-339; Vol. XII, 674-676; Varnhagen, Vol. II; Pinheiro, Historia do Brasil; Bennett, Forty Years in Brazil; Buley, North Brazil; ——, South Brasil; Winter, Brazil and her people of today; Domville-Fife, The United States of Brasil; Grossi, Storia della Colonizazione Europea al Brasile.
C. Chile:
1. Dictatorship of O'Higgins.
2. Work of Portales and the pelucones.
3. The conservative regime; ten year presidents.
4. War with Spain.
5. The problem of the Araucanians.
6. War with Peru and Bolivia.
7. Balmaceda and the congress.
8. Relations with the United States; with Argentina; the "Christ of the Andes."
9. Contemporary government and politics.
a. Operation of the cabinet system in Chile.
b. Contemporary political parties.
c. Local government.
Readings: Elliot, Chile; Garcia Calderon, 164-179; Hancock, A History of Chile; Amunategui and Vicuña MacKenna, La dictadura de O'Higgins; Bulnes, Las Causas de la Guerra entre Chile y Peru; Markham, The War between Peru and Chile; Olivares, Historia de Chile; Guiterez, La Guerra de 1879; Barros Arana, La Guerre du Pacifique; ——, Historia general de Chile; Egaña, The Tacna and Arica Question; Macy and Gannaway, Comparative Free Government, 663-672; Reinsch, Parliamentary Government in Chile (Am. Pol. Science Rev., III, 507, et seq.)
D. Uruguay.
1. Relations with Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
2. Political organization and progress.
3. Economic, educational, and religious developments.
4. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Koebel, Uruguay; Roxlo, Uruguay en 1904; Acevedo, Historia de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay; Zorilla de San Martin, La Epopeya de Artigas.
4. Less Progressive and Backward States of South America.
A. Venezuela:
1. Revolutions and tyrants: Guzman Blanco; Castro.
2. Foreign relations.
3. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Dalton, Venezuela; Scruggs, The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics.
B. Colombia:
1. Political record.
2. Foreign relations.
Readings: Scruggs, The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics; Levine, Colombia; Eder, Columbia; Arboleda, Historia contemporanea de Colombia.
C. Ecuador.
Readings: Enock, Ecuador; Mejia, Ecuador; Cevalles, Compendio de la historia del Ecuador.
D. Peru.
1. Political record.
2. Foreign relations.
3. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Enock, Peru; Wright, Peru; Markham, A History of Peru; Llorente, Historia de Peru.
E. Bolivia.
1. Presidency of Sucre and dictatorship of Santa Cruz.
2. Political disorder.
3. Foreign relations; part of Bolivia in war, 1879-83.
4. Constitution of 1880.
Readings: Wright, Bolivia; Walle, Bolivia; Valdes, Estudio historico de Bolivia.
F. Paraguay.
1. Period of Francia.
2. The Lopez group.
3. War with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.
4. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Washburn, History of Paraguay; Hardy, Paraguay; Decoud, Paraguay; Funes, Historia civil del Paraguay; Mitre, Guerra del Paraguay; Yubero, El Paraguay moderno.
5. Mexico.
a. Empire and early republic: Iturbide and Santa Anna.
b. Relations with Texas.
c. The war with the United States.
d. Struggle with the church: Juarez.
e. Maximilian.
f. The Diaz regime; economic development.
g. Contemporary period: the revolution.
Madero; Huerta; Carranza; Villa; Obregon.
h. Relations with the United States; with Japan; with Germany.
i. Constitution and politics.
Suggested Readings: Enock, Mexico; Noll, From Empire to Republic; ——, History of Mexico; Fortier and Ficklen, Central America and Mexico; Bancroft, History of Mexico; Rives, Relations of Mexico and the United States; Bancroft, Porfirio Diaz; Pinchon and de Lara, Mexico; Stevenson, Maximilian in Mexico; Martin, Maximilian; ——, Mexico of the XXth Century; Prida, From Despotism to Anarchy; Fornaro, Carranza and Mexico; Trowbridge, Mexico Today and Tomorrow.
Additional Readings: Alaman, Historia de Mexico; Esquivel, Democracia y personalismo; Estrada, La Revolution y Francisco I. Madero; Gonzalez, La Revolucion y sus heroes; Zamacois, Historia de Mexico; Planchet, La Cuestion religiosa en Mexico.
6. The Central American States:
First Class: Costa Rica and Guatemala.
Second Class: Honduras, Salvador, and Nicaragua.
1. Race distribution.
2. Projects of union: 1824-1838; 1842; 1848; 1852; 1862; 1872; 1876; 1887; 1889; 1895; 1897.
3. The peace conference of 1907; the court.
4. Political and economic conditions.
5. Foreign relations.
Readings: Villafranca, Costa Rica; Winter, Guatemala; Guardia, Costa Rica; Squier, States of Central America; Palmer, Central America; Fortier and Ficklen, Central America and Mexico; Martin, Salvador; Koebel, Central America; Munro, The Five Central American Republics; Shepherd, Central and South America.
7. The Insular Republics.
A. Cuba.
1. Cuba in the early part of the 19th century.
2. Plans made in South America for the revolutionizing of Cuba.
3. Cuba in diplomacy; attitude of the United States and Europe.
4. Slavery in Cuba.
5. Filibusters.
6. The ten year war; the problem of reform.
7. The Spanish-American War; status of Cuba after the peace.
8. American occupation; the Platt Amendment.
9. Republican government in Cuba; interventions by the United States; diplomatic and economic relations with the United States.
Readings: Callahan, Cuba and International Relations; Leroy-Beaulieu, 251-268; Cabrera, Cuba and the Cubans; Porter, Industrial Cuba; Lindsay, Cuba and her People of Today; Quesada, The War in Cuba; Guiteras, Historia de la Isla de Cuba; Ramon de la Sagra, Historia de la Isla de Cuba (13t); Canini, Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in Cuba; Johnson, The History of Cuba (5v); Hill, Cuba and Porto Rico.
B. Haiti and Santo Domingo:
1. Monarchy and republicanism in Haiti and Santo Domingo.
2. Social and racial problems.
3. Political disorders.
4. International relations:
a. Financial conditions; foreign claims.
b. Interventions.
c. Relations of Santo Domingo and the United States.
d. Haiti and the United States.
5. Attitude toward the United States.
6. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Fiske, West Indies; Eves, West Indies; St. John, Haiti, the Black Republic; Schoenrich, Santo Domingo; Hazard, Santo Domingo, Past and Present; Hollander, Report on the Debt of Santo Domingo (Sen. Ex. Document, 59th Cong.); Garcia, Compendio de la Historia de Santo Domingo.
8. Panama:
a. Secessionist tendencies in Panama.
b. The revolution.
c. The republic.
d. Relations with Colombia and the United States.
Required Readings: Bishop, Panama, Past and Present; Gause and Carr, The Story of Panama; Bunau-Varilla, Panama; the Creation, Destruction and Resurrection; Villegas, The Republic of Panama.
Readings in general for political history: Dawson, The South American Republics; Akers, History of South America; Dodd, Modern Constitutions; Rodriguez, American Constitutions; Sweet, History of Latin America; Koebel, South America; Garcia Calderon, Latin-America, 86-231; Cambridge Modern History, XII, 672-689; Domville-Fife, Great States of South America; Enock, The Republics of Central and South America; Porter, The Ten Republics; Colmo, Los paises de la America latina; Amunategui, Ensayos biographicos (4v); Shepherd, Hispanic Nations of the New World.
1. The three phases:
a. 1826-1850, Age of Dictators.
b. 1850-1876, Struggle for Stability.
c. 1876——, Rise of Great States and Economic Progress.
2. Typical dictators:
a. Garcia Moreno,—Ecuador.
b. Ramon Castilla,—Peru.
c. Rosas,—Argentina.
d. Paez and Guzman Blanco,—Venezuela.
e. Santa Anna and Diaz,—Mexico.
3. Progressive States of South America:
A. Argentina:
1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil; conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.
2. Rosas and Urquiza.
3. Mitre and Sarmiento.
4. Political program and stability; President Roca.
5. Economic development and growth of population.
6. The southward movement in Argentina.
7. Contemporary government and politics.
Suggested Readings: Koebel, Argentina, Past and Present; ——, The South Americans; Hirst, Argentina; Hammerton, The Real Argentine; Chandler, The Argentine Southward Movement, (Bulletin Pan. Am. Un., 1914).
a. 1826-1850, Age of Dictators.
b. 1850-1876, Struggle for Stability.
c. 1876——, Rise of Great States and Economic Progress.
a. Garcia Moreno,—Ecuador.
b. Ramon Castilla,—Peru.
c. Rosas,—Argentina.
d. Paez and Guzman Blanco,—Venezuela.
e. Santa Anna and Diaz,—Mexico.
A. Argentina:
1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil; conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.
2. Rosas and Urquiza.
3. Mitre and Sarmiento.
4. Political program and stability; President Roca.
5. Economic development and growth of population.
6. The southward movement in Argentina.
7. Contemporary government and politics.
1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil; conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.
2. Rosas and Urquiza.
3. Mitre and Sarmiento.
4. Political program and stability; President Roca.
5. Economic development and growth of population.
6. The southward movement in Argentina.
7. Contemporary government and politics.
Additional Readings: Martinez and Lewandowski, Argentina in the Twentieth Century; Merou, Historia de la Republica Argentina; V. F. Lopez, Historia de la Republica Argentina (Vols IX and X).
B. Brazil.
1. Brazil and Portugal, 1807-1822.
2. The empire: Pedro I and Pedro II.
3. Economic development; international relations.
4. Emancipation of slaves.
5. The Republic: early disorders; progress toward stability.
6. The westward movement in Brazil.
7. Colonization experiments—State and National.
8. Contemporary government and politics.
Readings: Denis, Brasil; Watson, Vol. II, 256-270; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 310-339; Vol. XII, 674-676; Varnhagen, Vol. II; Pinheiro, Historia do Brasil; Bennett, Forty Years in Brazil; Buley, North Brazil; ——, South Brasil; Winter, Brazil and her people of today; Domville-Fife, The United States of Brasil; Grossi, Storia della Colonizazione Europea al Brasile.
B. Brazil.
1. Brazil and Portugal, 1807-1822.
2. The empire: Pedro I and Pedro II.
3. Economic development; international relations.
4. Emancipation of slaves.
5. The Republic: early disorders; progress toward stability.
6. The westward movement in Brazil.
7. Colonization experiments—State and National.
8. Contemporary government and politics.