6. Commercial:
a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.
b. Exports and imports:
1. Character and value.
2. Destination.
c. Commercial enterprises.
d. Trade marks and their use.
e. Customs regulations.
f. Modern transportation and communication.
1. Development of transportation facilities.
2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.
3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.
4. Roads and highways.
5. Land transportation:
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.
b. International and transcontinental lines.
c. Projected lines.
d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.
e. Mileage and rates.
f. Freight rates.
g. Capital and ownership.
6. Water transportation:
a. River steamers and barges.
b. Oceanic lines.
c. Harbor facilities.
d. Rates.
g. Communication:
1. Telegraph lines.
2. Cable lines.
3. Postal service; international service.
h. The metric system of weights and measures.
i. Concessions and monopolies:
1. Procedure in obtaining them.
2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.
3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
Readings: Shepherd, 168-191; Koebel, The South Americans, 304-358; Domville-Fife, Great States of South America; Atlas America Latina; Sheridan, Transportation Rates to the West Coast of South America (Sp. Agts. report, Ser. 72, 1913. Bur. of For. and Dom. Commerce); Gueydan, Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela (ibid.); Trade mark registration in Latin America (Tariff series, No. 31, ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru; Tariff Systems of South American countries. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)
a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.
b. Exports and imports:
1. Character and value.
2. Destination.
c. Commercial enterprises.
d. Trade marks and their use.
e. Customs regulations.
f. Modern transportation and communication.
1. Development of transportation facilities.
2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.
3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.
4. Roads and highways.
5. Land transportation:
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.
b. International and transcontinental lines.
c. Projected lines.
d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.
e. Mileage and rates.
f. Freight rates.
g. Capital and ownership.
6. Water transportation:
a. River steamers and barges.
b. Oceanic lines.
c. Harbor facilities.
d. Rates.
g. Communication:
1. Telegraph lines.
2. Cable lines.
3. Postal service; international service.
h. The metric system of weights and measures.
i. Concessions and monopolies:
1. Procedure in obtaining them.
2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.
3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
1. Character and value.
2. Destination.
1. Development of transportation facilities.
2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.
3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.
4. Roads and highways.
5. Land transportation:
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.
b. International and transcontinental lines.
c. Projected lines.
d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.
e. Mileage and rates.
f. Freight rates.
g. Capital and ownership.
6. Water transportation:
a. River steamers and barges.
b. Oceanic lines.
c. Harbor facilities.
d. Rates.
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.
b. International and transcontinental lines.
c. Projected lines.
d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.
e. Mileage and rates.
f. Freight rates.
g. Capital and ownership.
a. River steamers and barges.
b. Oceanic lines.
c. Harbor facilities.
d. Rates.
1. Telegraph lines.
2. Cable lines.
3. Postal service; international service.
1. Procedure in obtaining them.
2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.
3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
7. Educational and Cultural:
A. Educational:
1. General characteristics.
2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.
3. Educational progress.
4. Obstacles to popular education.
5. Foreign influences in education.
a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.
b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.
c. Influence of United States at present.
6. Administration of schools.
7. Elementary and secondary education.
8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.
a. Universities:
1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.
2. Libraries and publications.
3. Students.
b. Scientific pursuits.
1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.
2. Schools of medicine and surgery.
c. Industrial and technical education.
9. Urban and rural education.
10. Popular interest in education.
11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:
a. Congresses and teachers' associations.
b. Private schools and institutions.
c. Publications and lectures.
12. Educational reforms needed.
B. Cultural achievements in general:
1. Public charity:
a. Control and sources of revenue.
b. Societies and institutions for social service.
2. Public libraries.
3. Journalism:
a. Status of the press in various countries.
b. Notable newspapers.
c. Recent development.
d. Magazines and periodicals.
4. Literature:
a. General characteristics.
b. European and particularly French influence.
c. Representative literary men and their works.
1. Novelists, essayists, poets:
Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar, Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.
2. Historians:
Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.
3. Jurists:
Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.
5. Arts:
a. General characteristics.
b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.
Readings: For education: Shepherd, 192-204; ——, Education in South America, (Review of Reviews, May, 1908); ——, Higher Education in South America, (Columbia University Quart., Dec., 1907); Koebel, The South Americans, 109-132; Brandon, Latin-American Universities and Special Schools; Blakslee, Latin-America, 30-46; Monroe, An Encyclopedia of Education (See discussion under the names of each country); see also, Walle, Bolivia, Chap. 6; Eder, Colombia, Chap. 16; Hirst, Argentina, Chap. 14; and Wright's books on Bolivia, Chile, and Peru; Bravo Mejia, Organizacion de las escuelas rurales; Amunategui, Discursos Parliamentarios.
For cultural problems: Shepherd, 204-250; La Literatura y el Periodismo; Garcia Calderon, Latin-America, 249-282; Warner, Library of the World's Best Literature, Vol. 15; Blakslee, Latin-America, 299-306; Koebel, The South Americans, 109-130; Goldberg, Studies in Spanish American Literature; Umphrey, Spanish American Poets of Today and Yesterday (Hispania, 1919); Coester, The Literary History of Spanish America; Starr, Readings from Modern Mexican Authors; Lamborn, Mexican Paintings and Painters; Zanelli Lopez, Mujeres Chilenos de letras; Amunategui, La Alborada, poetica in Chile.