Distribution.—Hyla rubra inhabits lowland tropical forests from central-eastern Panamá to northern South America and thence through lowlands east of the Andes to northern Argentina (Fig. 6).
Specimens Examined.—Panamá: Canal Zone: Gatun, UMMZ 52720 (2); Madden Dam, FMNH 67820; no specific locality, UMMZ 56517 (3), USNM 37863. Colón: Cerro Bruja, MCZ 13248. Darién: El Real, USNM 140569-70, 140573. Panamá: Juan Díaz, MCZ 17973; Las Sabanas, MCZ 17581; Río Trinidad, UMMZ 64003; San Pablo, MCZ 1398-9.
Hyla elaeochroa Cope
Hyla elaeochroa Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8:105, 1876 [Holotype.—USNM 30689, Sipurio, Limón Province, Costa Rica; William M. Gabb collector]. Günther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, p. 265, June 1901. Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35:859, July 1, 1952. Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 17:270, June 17, 1966.
Hyla quinquevittata Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 23:273, April 1887 [Holotype.—USNM 14187, Nicaragua; J. F. Bransford collector]. Günther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, p. 268, June 1901. Noble, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38:340, June 1918.
Hyla rubra (part): Dunn and Emlen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 84:25, March 22, 1932.
Hyla dulcensis Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 39:37, November 18, 1958 [Holotype.—KU 32168, Golfito, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica; Edward H. Taylor collector].
Diagnosis.—Size medium (♂ to 38 mm., ♀ to 40 mm.); skull wider than long; nasals truncate anteriorly; frontoparietal fontanelle moderate in size; snout slightly protruding; tympanum about size of largest discs on fingers; dorsum marked by longitudinal stripes; dark stripe between eye and nostril; in life tan to olive-green with or without dark mark between eyes; bones greenish blue.
Description.—Head flat, longer than wide; snout long, rounded, protruding beyond mouth; canthus indistinct; length of eye equal to interorbital distance; loreal region not pronounced; tympanum distinct and about two-fifths diameter of eye; interorbital triangle present or absent; arms short; trace of web between fingers, extending as fringe along sides of fingers; first finger very short with small disc; other discs about size of those on toes; discs on third finger and fourth toe as large as tympanum; outer palmar tubercle moderate in size, partly bifid; inner palmar tubercle large, elongate, flat; subarticular tubercles distinct; legs moderately long; tarsal fold absent; inner metatarsal tubercle flat; outer metatarsal tubercle smaller, indistinct; subarticular tubercles moderate in size; fringe on toes to tip of disc of second toe; rest of toes about two-thirds webbed; foot length about two fifths snout-vent length; tibia length about one half snout-vent length; skin above smooth or with minute pustules; belly finely granular; ventral surfaces of thighs and areas below anus granular; skin on ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; tongue relatively large, longer than wide, barely notched behind; vocal slits elongate, lateral to tongue; choanae medium in size. In life, dorsum yellowish brown, olive green, or grayish brown with dark brown spots on snout, dark brown stripe from nostril to eye, dark yellow-brown interorbital triangle, and dark supratympanic region; generally five interrupted longitudinal dark brown stripes on dorsum (one on each flank, pair of paravertebral and one vertebral); flanks pale yellow; groin yellowish brown; thighs marked with one or two transverse yellow-brown blotches; shanks with two or three yellow-brown blotches above; spaces between blotches on thighs, shanks, tarsi, and feet yellow; brown spots on tarsi and in some specimens on feet; arm pale yellow with pale brown spots; belly creamy white having slight blue-green tint; vocal sac and chin yellow; axillary region yellow, blue-green in some specimens (Pl. 2A).