[2] Types of Naval Officers, p. 15.
[3] This plan of attack bears a strong resemblance to that which Nelson intended to adopt at Trafalgar. 'Nelson,' says Captain Mahan, 'doubtless had in mind the dispositions of Tourville and De Ruyter.'—Life of Nelson, ii. 351. Hoste, however, it would seem, though a devout admirer of both Tourville and De Ruyter, gives the credit to Lord Torrington. It was not introduced officially into the British tactical system until Lord Howe adopted it in 1792. It was retained in the subsequent Signal Books and Instructions.
[4] This proviso was added to the signal in the edition of 1799, and a corresponding explanatory instruction (No. 24) was provided. See post, p. 262.
[5] It should be remembered that neither the Dutch nor the English accounts of the action at all endorse this view of D'Estrées's behaviour. See also the Admiralty MS., p. 153, note 1.
[6] See post, pp. 245-9.
[7] Ante, p.152, note 1.
[8] Printed in 1798. A MS. note says 'These instructions were written in 1780 and afterwards very much curtailed, though the general plan is the same.'
[9] Lacour Gayet, La marine militaire de la France sous Louis XV, 1902, pp. 214-5.
ADMIRAL EDWARD RUSSELL, 1691.
[+From a printed copy in the Library of the United Service
Institution+.]