LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE
The “Biscaya” leaving Blackwall[1]
Preparations for the Arctic Regions[To face 8]
A “Dead Reckoning” in the Kara Sea[10]
Our Ice-master, Captain Crowther[13]
Clearing the Drift Ice from the Propeller[16]
The Home of the Walrus-hunter[20]
The “Biscaya” Ice-bound in the Kara Sea[To face 24]
After Seals[25]
“One Speck of Life in the Ice-bound Waste”[27]
The Handsomest Member of his Family[33]
Samoyede Boatmen[To face 34]
Karaoul[36]
The Samoyede’s Grave[39]
A Samoyede Lady[40]
Transhipment of our Cargo to the “Phœnix”[43]
Our Custom-House Officer[48]
Kasanskoi[50]
Trader’s House at Kasanskoi[50]
Mine Host at Kasanskoi[51]
Sweet Seventeen[53]
A Home in Northern Siberia: The Morning Meal[To face 54]
Materfamilias[55]
Temporary Farmyard on one of the Barges[To face 57]
Tea-time at the Men’s Quarters on Shore[57]
Cossacks[58]
A House-boat[60]
The “Phœnix”[To face 61]
Loading Wood for the “Phœnix”[” 66]
Difficult Navigation[70]
Selivanaka[To face 78]
The Principal Thoroughfare, Turuchansk[80]
Our First Visit from Official Russia[To face 83]
Werchneimbackskoi[”83]
Interested Observers[83]
The Russian Police Officer[To face 84]
The Village Priest[85]
A Village Boat[88]
A River Pilot[89]
The River Yenisei at Worogoro[To face 90]
Storing the Winter Forage: a Village Scene on the Yenisei[To face 96]
Yeniseisk[97]
Peasant Woman[101]
In the Market-place, Yeniseisk[To face 101]
A Prison Beauty[107]
The Governor visiting the Men’s Prison, Yeniseisk[To face 109]
The Murderers’ Department, Yeniseisk Prison[111]
The Governor visiting the Women’s Prison, Yeniseisk[To face 112]
Criminal Prisoners waiting at Yeniseisk for Convoy to start for Krasnoiarsk[To face 113]
Street Scene, Yeniseisk[117]
A Water-carrier[118]
Getting Water from the Frozen River Yenisei[To face 118]
The High Street, Yeniseisk[”118]
A Swell[119]
The Two Collegiate Schools, Yeniseisk[To face 120]
Life in Siberia: An Afternoon Drive in Yeniseisk[”121]
Ready to Start[123]
“Good-bye”[126]
In the Meat Market, Krasnoiarsk[131]
A Typical Siberian Interior, Krasnoiarsk[132]
Snow Scavenger, Krasnoiarsk[To face 133]
The Cathedral, Krasnoiarsk[134]
A Convoy of Prisoners on the March (Enlargement from an Instantaneous Kodak Photo)[To face 138]
Prisoners unloading Sledges on Arrival at Perasilny, Krasnoiarsk[To face 140]
Verification of Prisoners on Arrival at Perasilny, Krasnoiarsk[To face 141]
The Staroster of the Gang[142]
Group of Prisoners (from a Government Photo)[144]
A “Priviligiert,” or Privileged Prisoner[148]
Peasant Women selling Provisions to Prisoners[149]
Watchman on Duty in Fire Tower, Krasnoiarsk[To face 155]
My Servant[156]
Arrival at a Post Station[164]
Interior of a Post-house[To face 166]
The Imperial Mail[”173]
Irkutsk[180]
The Moskovskaia Podvorié, Irkutsk[To face 180]
An Irkutsk Beauty[185]
Entrance Hall of Millionaire Gold-mine Owner’s House, Irkutsk[186]
Street Scene, Irkutsk[188]
A Cossack[To face 190]
An Irkutsk Policeman[”191]
The Museum, Irkutsk[191]
The Recreation Ground, Irkutsk Prison[192]
Married Prisoners waiting to be served with New Clothes on Arrival at Prison, Irkutsk[To face 193]
The Prison Artist[”196]
The Baroness[201]
A “Political” (from a Government Photo)[To face 205]
“Sweethearts and Wives:” Visiting-Day in the Irkutsk Prison[To face 206]
Autograph Letter from the Baroness[”207]
The High Street, Irkutsk[208]
In the Courtyard of a Fire Station, Irkutsk[215]
The Governor-General’s House, Irkutsk[218]
Street Scene, Irkutsk[220]
A Bit on the Road to Lake Baikal[221]
The River Angara near Lake Baikal[225]
Liestvinitz, on Lake Baikal[229]
A Lake Baikal Steamer[231]
Crossing Lake Baikal[233]
The Kupetski Track[235]
A Post-house on the Kupetski Track[238]
A Tea Cart[240]
Day-dreams: A Sketch in the Trans-Baikal[To face 242]
The High Street, Troitzkosavsk[”245]
My First Glimpse of Mongolia[”246]
A Bourriate Lady[247]
Sketch by a Political Prisoner, made whilst on the March across Siberia (the Original is in Sepia and White)[To face 248]
On the Road to Ourga[249]
A Mongol Yourt[253]
A Mongol[254]
Our Midday Halt[260]
A Street Musician, Ourga[272]
The Principal Thoroughfare, Ourga[To face 273]
A Pilgrim from Thibet[277]
A Lama[281]
A Prayer-wheel, Ourga[283]
Prayer-boards, Ourga[284]
“The Old, Old Story all the World over”[To face 286]
In the Camel and Pony Bazaar, Ourga[”293]
In the Bazaar, Ourga[”294]
The Punishment of the “Cargue:” A Sketch outside the Prison, Ourga[To face 295]
An Ourga Beauty[”299]
In the Gobi Desert[301]
My Camel-cart[To face 303]
Mongol conveying the Russian Light Mail across the Gobi Desert[To face 306]
The Midday Halt in the Desert[309]
My Caravan in the Desert (from a Kodak Photo)[313]
We meet the Homeward-bound Mail[314]
The Lama Settlement of Tcho-Iyr in the Gobi Desert[315]
I take Tea with a Lama in the Gobi Desert[To face 316]
The Russian Post-station in Mid-desert[318]
In the Gobi Desert: A Tea Caravan on its Way to Siberia (from a Kodak Photo)[320]
In the Gobi Desert: Lady Visitors to our Encampment[To face 323]
“Ye Gentle Shepherdess of ye Steppe”[”324]
Street Scene, Yambooshan (showing the “Great Wall” on Mountain in Background)[To face 332]
My Mule-litter[”338]
The Courtyard of a Chinese Inn[341]
A “Room” in a Chinese Inn[343]
A Nasty Bit of Road[To face 346]
The Great Wall of China at the entrance to Nankaou Pass[To face 348]
Street Scene, Tartar City, Peking[356]
Chinese Revenue Cruisers in Hong Kong Roadstead (from a Photo given by Sir Robert Hart)[To face 363]
Sir Robert Hart, G.C.M.G., in his “Den” at Peking[To face 366]
My House-boat[375]
Shanghai[380]

FROM THE ARCTIC OCEAN
TO THE YELLOW SEA.

CHAPTER I.
FROM BLACKWALL TO SIBERIA.

The object of the expedition—The steamer Biscaya and its passengers and cargo—Across the North Sea—Uncomfortable experiences—First glimpse of Norway—Aalesund—The Lofoden Islands—The midnight sun—A foretaste of the Arctic regions—“Cape Flyaway”—Our ice-master, Captain Crowther—We sight the coast of Siberia—The village of Kharbarova—The entrance to the Kara Sea.

THE “BISCAYA” LEAVING BLACKWALL.