[117] Philo, De special. legg., Works ed. Mangeyn, Vol. II. p. 301. Clement of Alexandria, Stromat. III. quotes from Xanthus: μίγνυντο δὲ, φήσιν, οἱ Μάγοι μητράσι, καὶ θυγατράσι, καὶ ἀδελφαῖς μίγνυσθαι θεμιτὸν εἶναι, (Now the Magi, he says, used to have intercourse with mothers, and held it lawful to do so with daughters and with sisters). Comp. the same author’s Recognit., bk. IX. ch. 20.—Sextus Empiricus, Pyrrh. hypot. bk. III. 24.—Origen, Contra Celsum, bk. V. p. 248.—Jerome, Contra Jovian. bk. II.—Cyril, Adv. Julian. bk. IV.—Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 1375 and 452.
[118] Euripides, Andromaché, 174.
τοιοῦτονῦτον πᾶν τὸ βάρβαρον γένος, πατήρ τε θυγατρὶ, παῖς τε μητρὶ, μίγνυται.
(Such is the habit of the whole barbarian race,—father has intercourse with daughter, and son with mother).
[119] Osann, “De caelibum apud veteres populos conditione,” (On the Status of Bachelors among the Ancient Peoples), Commentat. I. Giessen 1827. 4to.
[120] Demosthenes, Orat. in Neaeram, edit. Wolf, p. 534., τὰς μὲν γὰρ ἑταίρας ἡδονῆς ἕνεκ’ ἔχομεν, τὰς δὲ παλλακὰς τῆς καθ’ ἡμέραν θεραπείας τοῦ σώματος, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας τοῦ παιδοποιεῖσθαι γνησίως καὶ τῶν ἔνδον φύλακα πιστὴν ἔχειν. (for hetaerae—lady-companions—we keep for our pleasure, but concubines for the daily service of the person, and wives for the procreation of lawful children and to have a trusty guardian of household matters). The same sentence is quoted from Demosthenes by Athenaeus, Deipnos., bk. XIII. ch. 31., but with the difference that he says παλλακὰς τῆς καθ’ ἡμέραν παλλακείας (concubines for daily concubinage). Comp. Plutarch, Praecept. Coniugal., ch. 16. 29. It is true this purely moral view, as it was originally, of marriage, came in times subsequent to just the flourishing period of Greece to contrast so sharply with the rest of the Greeks, full and imaginative as it was, that it appears an exceedingly homely bit of prose, and one is led away to pass a not exactly favourable judgement as to the position of Greek married women and their level of culture. But is this quite fair?
[121] Aristotle, Politics bk. IV. ch. 16., Viri autem cum alia muliere aut aliorum concubitus omnino indecorus et inhonestus habeatur, cum sit apelleturque maritus. Quod si quid tale tempore procreandis liberis praescriptio quispiam facere manifesto deprehendatur, ignominia scelere digna notetur. (But as to the connexion of a man with a woman who is not his wife or of a woman with a man who is not her husband, while such intercourse in whatever form or under whatever circumstances must be considered absolutely discreditable to one who bears the title of husband or wife, so especially any one who is detected in such action during the time reserved for the procreation of children should be punished with such civil degradation as is suitable to the magnitude of his crime).—Seneca, Controvers. bk. IV. Preface, says: Impudicitia in ingenuo crimen est, in servo necessitas, (Immodesty in a free-man is a vice, in a slave a necessity).
[122] Athenaeus, Deipnos. bk. XIII. p. 374.
[123] In the time of Xenarchus immorality with married women was particularly universal. Athenaeus, XIII. p. 569.
[124] Athenaeus, Deipnosoph. bk. XIII. p. 569., καὶ Φιλήμων δ’ ἐν Ἀδελφοῖς προιστορῶν, ὅτι πρῶτος Σόλων, διὰ τὴν τῶν νέων ἀκμὴν, ἔστησεν ἐπὶ οἰκημάτων γύναια πριάμενος· καθὰ καὶ Νίκανδρος ὁ Κολοφώνιος ἱστορεῖ ἐν τρίτῳ Κολοφωνιακῶν, φάσκων αὐτὸν καὶ Πανδήμου Ἀφροδίτης ἱερὸν πρῶτον ἱδρύσασθαι ἀφ’ ὧν ἠργυρίσαντο αἱ προστᾶσαι τῶν οἰκημάτων· ἄλλ’ ὅ γε Φιλήμων οὕτως φησί·