[22] Vide Raoult, Scientific Memoir Series, 4, 71, 127.
[23] I.e. abnormally small depressions of freezing-points or elevations of boiling-points.
[24] Nernst, Theoretical Chemistry, p. 486; Hendrixson, Z. anorg. Chem., 13, 73 (1897).
[25] Cf. Bancroft, J. Phys. Chem., 10, 319 (1906).
[26] For the discussion of other instances, vide Bancroft, loc. cit.
[28] For example, determinations of distribution coefficients (p. [18]), heats of dilution (p. [19]), conductivities and chemical activity (Chapters IV–VI).
CHAPTER III OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND THE THEORY OF SOLUTION II
Accepting van 't Hoff's theory of solutions, then, as based on experimental evidence as well as on sound thermodynamic reasoning, we find a number of interesting questions still confronting us. Most insistent is the question as to the source of the remarkable agreement between the osmotic pressure of a solute and the gas pressure, which it would exert in the same volume, as a gas, at the same temperature, and as to the identity of the laws governing the two forms of pressure. Then, we may also ask, what is the mechanism of the process by which osmotic pressure reveals itself, especially in the case of cells with semipermeable membranes. And, finally, we may ask what is the cause of the semipermeability of the membranes.