The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2. / With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.

by Julius Stieglitz

[568] See footnote 1, p. [284], in regard to the interpretation of this experiment on the basis of the theory of liberation of oxygen by arsenic acid.

[569] Cf. Smith's General Inorganic Chemistry, p. 712.

[570] The essential feature of this point of view was first published by Abegg, Z. anorg. Chem., 39, 330 (1904), and Z. phys. Chem., 43, 385 (1903); vide also Stieglitz, Am. Chem. J., 39, 51 (footnote) (1908), and Qualitative Analysis Notes, University of Chicago (1905). Abegg's view has recently received support from J. J. Thomson in his Corpuscular Theory of Matter, p. 118.

[571] H⁺ does not change its valence (charge) in the action, and yet it appears as an essential component in both styles of the current equations for the oxidation-reduction reaction.

[572] A somewhat similar development of these relations, for arsenic acid, has been found in Abegg's Anorg. Chem., III, 3, p. 552 (1907).

[573] Luther and Michie, Z. für Elektroch., 14, 826 (1908).

[574] The calculation is based on the results obtained by Luther and Michie.

[575] The proportion of UO₂²⁺ converted into U⁶⁺ would be so minute, that in an experimental determination of the concentration [UO₂²⁺], the concentration [U⁶⁺] would no doubt be a negligible quantity.

[576] Peters, Z. phys. Chem., 26, 193 (1898).

[577] In other instances, the action of the hydrogen-ion in facilitating and accelerating chemical actions (often called its "catalytic effect") has been explained, in a similar fashion, as being based on salt formation, followed by the ionization of the salts formed, the active components being the ions (vide, for instance, Bredig, Z. für Elektroch., 9, 118 and 10, 586 (1904) and Stieglitz, Report of the Congress of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, 4, 276 (1904) and Am. Chem. J., 39, 29, 415 (1908) and later articles). In many of these cases, the ion concentrations of the reacting components have not yet been accessible to direct measurements, but the viewpoint has been sustained by quantitative studies of analogous reactions, which were selected for study, because the factors involved could be measured (cf. Stieglitz, loc. cit.).