[297] Since the writing of this it has been learned that such investigations have been carried out by Harkins. Cf. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1911.
[298] J. Am. Chem. Soc., 32, 488 (1910).
[299] Otherwise a perpetuum mobile of the second class (footnote 3, p. [12]) could be constructed, which is at variance with experience.
[300] This sentence is quoted from a letter from Dr. Washburn, who is at present investigating moderately concentrated solutions of electrolytes, to determine the range of concentrations in which it is possible to apply the laws of ideal solution.
[301] Cf. Geffcken, Z. Phys. Chem., 49, 257 (1907), and the references given there.
[302] Cf. Arrhenius, loc. cit., and similar investigations on the "salt effect" (p. [109]).
[303] Vide Geffcken, loc. cit., 295, and Stieglitz, loc. cit., and p. [142].
[304] See also Hill, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 32, 1186 (1910). Hill attacks the principle as a whole, but brings no evidence against its validity for solutions of concentrations up to 0.3.
[305] The limit of concentration depends, for constancy, upon the nature of the salts. The calculations, on which the data in the tables on pp. [146]–7 are based, involve extrapolations which prevent the results, especially for the more concentrated solutions, being considered as final.
[306] For further illustrations, vide Stieglitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 30, p. 947 (1908), and the references given there to the work of Noyes, Findlay, etc.