[11.] Some of the orders were: Strangers now here and Mexicans arriving must report for examination, no Mexican may have arms or leave town without permission, all Mexicans conducting themselves properly are entitled to civil and kind treatment as well as protection, and the troops must not molest them under pain of severe punishment (Jan. 25, 1847); All officers are to see that soldiers annoying the Mexicans are punished (Feb. 1); Not only officers but men are to arrest any soldier maltreating a Mexican (Feb. 12); Gambling-houses and drinking-houses must be broken up, no one may stay in town who would countenance such things, “improper intruders” will not be tolerated, and quiet must be maintained (March 16); Officers in town without my express permission must return to the camp at Buena Vista (June 6); No one may reside at Saltillo, if able to work, without some honest vocation, a tariff of prices will be issued from time to time, public exhibitions and dances without permission are prohibited, Mexican houses may not be taken for private uses without the consent of the owners (July 9). Some of these orders were merely repetitions of orders previously given. The policy was to have no more troops in town than were needed to guard property, etc. To prevent serious outrages, soldiers were forbidden to leave the camp at Buena Vista armed ([65]Aug. 10, 1847); and this was the rule elsewhere.
[12.] The Saltillo district. Wilhelm, Eighth Infantry, i., 299. [300]Prickett, letters. [97]Ayuntamiento archives. [97]Jefe político to ayunt., Nov. 30, 1846. [34]Stokes to Graham, Aug. 8, 1847. Perry, Indiana, 138, 142. [61]Paine to Porterfield, Jan. 24, 1848. [69]Worth to E. González, Dec. 16, 17, 1846. [65]Wool, orders 202, 209, 219, 245, etc., Jan.-Mar., 1847. [65]Id.., orders 275, 286, 308, 315, 341, 350, 394, 455, May-Sept., 1847. [65]Id.., orders 138, Dec. 14, 1847. [61]McDowell to Hamtramck, Dec. 28, 1847. Picayune, June 1; July 2, 1847. [65]Worth, orders, Nov. 16, 19, 23. [97]Id.., proclam., Nov. 19. [69]Id.to Saltillo officials, Nov. 17, 23. [69]Gov. Saltillo, order, Jan. 11, 1848. Correo Nacional, Mar. 3, 1848. [348]Pattridge to Miss W., Aug. 25, 1847. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1111, 1125 (Taylor). Littell, no. 165, p. 88 (Saltillo, May 11, 1847). [364]Worth to daughter, Jan. 4, 1847. Monitor Repub., Mar. 29, 1847. Arnold, Jackson, 87–90. And from [76] the following and many more. González to Worth, Nov. 30; reply, Dec. 2. Relaciones, Feb. 1, 1848. González to S. Anna, Nov. 21, 1846. Orders of Worth, Nov. 16, 19, 22, 23, 1846. González, protest, Nov. 22, 1846. Worth to González, Nov. 28; Dec. 17, 1846. S. Anna, Jan. 4, 1847 (with docs. from González). Worth to ——, Nov. 17, 1846. Hunten to González, Mar. 29, 1847. Filisola, Aug. 10, 1847. Avalos, Aug. 5, 1847.
[13.] It was left for a regular to show the benefit of discipline, for he visited a suburban village, terrorized some 250 able-bodied Mexicans, and went calmly from house to house collecting blackmail.
[14.] The Tampico district. [99]Ayuntamiento archives. [146]Caswell, diary, Apr. 1, 1847. Eco, Dec. 9, 1846. [99]Shields to ayunt., Dec. 28, 1846; Jan. 2, 1847. [13]Consul Glass, Aug. 21, 1847. [69]Gates, orders 17, 26, 28, 35, Mar.-Apr., 1847. [159]Collins, diary (introduction). [65]Gates, orders 30, 48, 49; special orders 7, 10, 30, 41. Picayune, Jan. 2, 8; Feb. 18; Mar. 19. [69]Shields, orders 3, Dec. 22, 1846; to Bliss, Jan. 13, 1847. [61]J. L. Gardner, Nov. 23, 1846. [61]Gates, Dec. 4, 1846. [61]Id.., orders, Sept: 18, 1847. [61]Shields, orders, Jan. 1, 2, 6, 1847. [61]Id.., Dec. 23, 1846; Jan. 19, 1847. [75]Hacienda to Relaciones, Dec. 3, 1847. Lawton, Artillery Officer, 12, 24, 37, 39, 40, 46–7. Ballentine, English Soldier, i, 276–81. Wilhelm, Eighth Infantry, i, 299. [76]I. Múñoz, Nov. 26, 1846, [76]R. M. Núñez, Jan. 25, 1847. [76]Testimony of Mateo Dorante. [76]F. de Garay, Jan. 22, 1847. [76]Docs. sent by Garay. [76]A. González to Urrea, Feb. 1, 1847. [76]Many others.
[15.] Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 333–6 (Marcy). [224]Hitchcock, diary, Mar. 26, 1846. [52]W. S. Parrott, Oct. 4, 1845. [52]Slidell, no. 3, Dec. 17, 1845. [61]Taylor, no. 10, Feb. 7, 1846. [61]Carbajal to Taylor, Feb. 6, 1846. [61]Id.., memo., Feb. 6. [61]Canales to Taylor, Jan. 29, 1846. [61][Mesa to Taylor], statement. Monitor Repub., June 14, 1846. [93]Ayunt. to gov. N. León, Dec. 31, 1846. London Times, June 15, 1847. Picayune, Aug. 11, 1846. Ampudia, Manifiesto, 1847. Henshaw narrative. [69]Unsigned statement. [285]Mejía to Paredes, July 20, 1846. [52]Butler, Aug. 1, 1832. Smith, Annex. of Texas, 46–7. Niles, Nov. 21, 1846, p. 180. [76]Comte. gen. Nuevo León, broadside, Aug. 12, 1846. [76]Ampudia, Sept. 9, 1846. [76]Mora y Villamil, Apr. 19, 1847, res. [76]Many others.
The number of citations could be multiplied, and the author may write an article or brief monograph on the subject.
[16.] July 7, 1847, the veteran ex-editor of the Washington Globe said in a [345]letter: My son [Frank P. Blair, who had been U. S. district attorney of the province] “represents the state of things in New Mexico as horrible. It seems that even respectable men at home, have become so depraved by the license of the region they are in, that they stick at no enormity whatever.” A little later the most concise report from Santa Fe ran thus, “All is hubbub and confusion here, discharged volunteers are leaving, drunk, and volunteers not discharged are remaining drunk” (Niles, Nov. 6, 1847, p. 155).
[17.] Here, as in California, military rule was softened by having a subordinate civil administration. The reader will understand, of course, that not everything was bad. In the scanty space that can be given to the subject here it is necessary to speak in broad terms.
[18.] New Mexico. Nat. Intelligencer, Dec. 8, 1846; Apr. 1; May 13; Aug. 11, 1847. Wash. Union, Mar. 18; Apr. 21, 1847. N. Y. Tribune, Nov. 22, 1847. Prince, Concise History, 182–6. [13]Doyle, no. 29, Mar. 14, 1848. Sen. 1; 29, 2, pp. 58–9. [52]Alvarez, Sept. 4, 1846. [63]Marcy to Kearny, May 10, 1847. [61]Kearny order, Sept. 22, 1846. [61]Grier, Feb. 15, 1847. [61]Newby, Sept. 18; Oct. 8, 1847. [61]Price, Feb. 26; Aug. 14, 1847. [60]Marcy to Price, Mar. 30, 1847; to Edwards, Mar. 25, 1847. [61]Ingalls, Feb. 16, 1847. [61]Fischer, Feb. 16, 1847. Bancroft, Pacific States, xii, 431. [61]Broadside, Feb. 15, 1847. [68]Court-martial, Feb. 4, 1848 (S. Fe). [69]Vigil, Mar. 26, 1847. Sen. 18; 31, 1, pp. 183–6. Inman, Old S. Fe Trail, 113–40. [345]Blair to Van Buren July 7, 1847. [73]Bermúdez de Castro, no. 445, 1847. Anzeiger des Westens, Sept. 24, 26; Nov. 16, 1846; June 21, 1847 (Kribben). [243]Kribben, letters. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 172, 174–7 (Kearny). Ho. Report 52; 37, 3. Niles, Apr. 24, 1847, pp. 119, 121; June 19, p. 252; Aug. 14, p. 375; Nov. 6, p. 155. N. Y. Courier and Enquirer, Aug. 13, 1847. Ho. 5; 31, 1, p. 104. Report of Conner, Indian Affairs, 1858, p. 188. Ho. 70; 30, 1, pp. 11, 13, 17, 21, 24, 31, 33, 34, etc. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 520, 524, 531–5, 545. [256]Polk to Marcy, June 2, 1846. [201]Gibson, diary. Picayune, Mar. 5, 1847. Ho. 41; 30, 1, pp. 498, 511–2, 551. Richardson, Messages, iv, 507, 594, 639. Wash. Union, Oct. 3; Nov. 25, 1846. Parkman, Calif, and Ore. Trail, 416–20. Elliott, Notes, 233, 247. [224]Santa Fe letter (printed). Sen. 23; 30, 1 (Abert). Ruxton, Adventures (1847 ed.), 185, 189. Benton, View, ii, 683. [61]Price, Sept. 18, 1847. [212]Hastings, diary. Cooke, Conquest, 39, 41, 50. [239]Mead to Kemper, July 26, 1841. Hughes, Doniphan’s Expedition, 131. [61]Wooster, Sept. 25, 1846. Sen. 7; 30, 1 (Emory). Ho. 24; 31, 1. Price, portrait (Mo. Hist. Soc.). [61]Id.to delegates; to adj. gen., Feb. 6, 1848. [65]Id.., orders 10, Feb. 5. [61]Prince to Vigil, Dec. 21, 1847. Numerous documents relating to the subject may be found among the Vigil papers (N. Mex. Hist. Soc.). Cutts, Conquest, 217–35, 240–3. [76]Varela, Sept. 6, 1847. [76]Chávez to Armijo, Aug. 24, 1847. [76]Ugarte to Filisola, July 2, 1847. [76]Bent, proclam., Jan. 2, 1847. [76]Many others. The American loss in fighting the insurgents was 8 killed, 52 wounded.
Chihuahua was merely an addendum to Santa Fe. The people seemed to regard our troops “as a race of devils and with just reason,” wrote a soldier in his diary. Once two Americans, fighting in their cups, tore each other’s clothes off and went stark naked through the streets. Of course property suffered. The women, however, in spite of husbands, fiancés and priests, were devoted to the Americans, and when the time for evacuation came some followed their lovers for leagues, and a few even for days. For the state of things in Chihuahua: Sen. Misc. 26; 30, 1. The Anglo-Saxon, (Chihuahua), no. 1. Bustamante, Nuevo Bernal, ii, 110. Ho. Report 404; 30, 1, pp. 6, 13. Rondé, Voyage, 136, 138–9. [212]Hastings, diary. [201]Gibson, diary. Anzeiger des Westens, June 21, 1847 (Kribben). Republicano, April 10, 1847.