[28.] Worth’s successors in the governorship were Col. Henry Wilson up to about the middle of December, 1847; Gen. James Bankhead for a few days; Gen. Twiggs until Mar. 25, 1848; Col. Wilson for a day or two; Gen. S. W. Kearny. When Wilson left in December, 1847, the merchants and consuls gave him a vote of thanks (Lerdo de Tejada, Apuntes, ii, 585). Mar. 30, 1848, the Mexican ayuntamiento was restored.
[29.] Thompson, Recolls., 4. Dysentery was prevalent and dangerous. Dec. 29, 1847, a responsible writer at Vera Cruz stated that not less than 1,200 Americans had succumbed there to the climate since April.
[30.] The Vera Cruz district. [52]Trist, May 7, 1847. Bullock, Six Months (1825 ed.), i, 19, 20. [100]Ayuntamiento archives. Lerdo de Tejada, Apuntes, ii, 572–3, 584–5. Lyon, Journal, ii, 214, 221. Flag of Freedom, i, no. 4. Lawton, Artillery Officer, 112, 115, 117, 119. Niles, Sept. 25, 1847, p. 53, etc. [361]Woods, recolls. [144]Cassidy, recolls. [327]Sutherland, letters. [322]Smith, diary. [152]Claiborne, mems. [270]Moore, diary. Oswandel, Notes, 105–6. [86]S. Anna to Soto, Apr. 14, 1847. Wash. Union, July 26, 29, 1847. Amer. Eagle, V. Cruz, Apr. 3, 13; Oct. 11, 16, 1847. [76]J. Soto, July 3, 1847. [256]J. Parrott to Marcy, Apr. 19, 1847. [13]Giffard, Apr. 13; May 15; June 15, 1847. [221]Hill, diary. [69]Scott to Patterson, Mar. 30, 1847. [65]Wilson, orders (1847) 20, 23, 64, 116, 128, 142. [65]Bankhead, orders 167. [65]Twiggs, orders 11, 14. [65]Wilson, orders (1848), 130. [65]Kearny, orders 172. [65]Scott, gen. orders 75, 87, 101. [60]Wilson to Marcy, Aug. 1, 1847. [61]Worth, orders 1–7. [61]Kearny, Apr. 9, 1848, and endorsement. Don Simplicio, Apr. 21, 1847. Diario, Apr. 13, 1847. Long, Lee, 68. [60]Scott, Apr. 5, 1847. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 914 (Scott); 938 (Dorich). [166]Pommarès to Conner, Oct. 7, 1846. Stevens, Stevens, i, 117–8. [12]Pell of Sloop Daring, Nov. 30, 1847. Kenly, Md. Vol., 288–9.
[31.] The Córdoba district. [88]Ayuntamiento archives. Moreno, Cantón, 378, 380, 382–3. London Saturday Review, 1865, p. 6. [65]Bankhead, orders 11, 12, 28.
[32.] The Orizaba district. [94]Ayuntamiento archives. Cubas, Cuadro, 54. Velasco, Geografía, iii, 179. Diccionario Universal (Orizaba). [65]Bankhead, orders 38, 100. [69]Colección de Itinerarios.
[33.] Neither at Jalapa nor elsewhere were there many complaints from women. Here the soldiers gave parties. Harlots were the only women present, but they were treated—to the great amusement of the town—as ladies (Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 247).
[34.] The Jalapa district. [90]Ayuntamiento archives. Brackett, Lane’s Brigade, 62–3. Vigne, Travels, i, 14–16. Bullock, Six Months (1825 ed.), i, 55. Velasco, Geografía, iii, 28, 37, 54, 97. [257]Orders and letters from G. H[ughes] to Frank [Markoe]. Oswandel, Notes, 196, 389. Semmes, Service, 205, 215. Nacional, Dec. 22, 1847; Jan. 5, 1848. [69]Alcalde to gov., Nov. 25, 27, 1847. [69]Orders, Dec. 3, 10, 15, 1847; Feb. 4; Apr. 25; May 7, 1848. [69]Patterson to Pillow, Sept. 22, 1846; to ——, Nov. 24, 1847. [69]Am. gov. to alcalde, Nov. 26; Dec. 13, 1847; Jan. 17; Feb. 28; Mar. 15, 1848. [69]Hughes, proclam., Nov. 30, 1847. [287]Parrish, diary. [332]Tennery, diary. Picayune, May 28; Dec. 19, 24, 25, 1847. Kenly, Md. Volunteer, 365–8, 382. Wash. Union, May 22, 1847. [159]Collins papers. Lyon, Journal, ii, 186. Ward, Mexico, ii, 193. Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 58–9. Grone, Briefe, 62. Rivera, Jalapa, iii, 900–2; iv, 20, 28–34. [69]Hughes to prefect, May 31, 1848; to Scott, Jan. 5, 1848; to first alcalde, Mar. 27, 1848; orders, Nov. 29, 30, 1847; Jan. 10; Feb. 19; May 4, 5, 1848. [69]Id.to officers, Jan. 15, 1848. [68]Court of inquiry, Jalapa, May 31, 1848. Arco Iris, Dec. I, 1847. Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1029. Niles, Jan. 1, 1848, p. 276. [76]Soto, proclam., Sept. 10, 1847. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 235–6, 245–7. Hartman, Journal, 13. [327]Sutherland to father, undated. [13]Bankhead, no. 42, 1847 (the conduct of Scott and his officers at Jalapa is “highly extolled”).
[35.] Lawton, Artill. Officer, 272. The presence of Scott, Worth and other superior officers who, as the soldiers knew, could not be trifled with, may help to explain the mystery. (Later some outrages occurred.) The troops were kept within a large square space with sentries at each corner, and the boundaries of it could not be crossed after dark by either civilians or soldiers (Republicano, June 14). At one place on the way to Puebla, wrote a soldier in his diary, a sentry was placed at every shop, and even women selling bread on the street were guarded.
[36.] Personally Lane discouraged outrages. Once when some of his famished men had robbed a poor man’s cornfield Lane, besides having him paid the full amount of the damages, added as much more from his own pocket (Brackett, Lane’s Brig., 74–5). It was said that priests were sometimes ill-used, but this was natural enough when they were capable of coöperating with guerillas, inducing American soldiers to desert, and harboring such deserters.
[37.] The Puebla district. Flag of Freedom, i, nos. 1, 5. Lawton, Artillery Officer, 272. [270]Moore, diary. [95]Childs, proclam., Nov. 11, 1847 (placard). Oswandel, Notes, 345, 390. [95]Ayuntamiento archives (proceedings, correspondence with Worth, orders of Worth, etc.). [95]Fúrlong, proclam., Oct. 14, 1847. [95]Childs, proclam., Oct. 25, 1847. [95]The bishop to Scott, Dec. 1, 1847. [95]Fúrlong to Scott, Dec. 1, 1847. [95]Ayunt. to prefect, Oct. 26, 1847. [304]Worth, orders, May 16, 1847. Brackett, Lane’s Brigade, 121, 125, 131, 136, 165, 210. [356]Whitcomb, diary. Republicano, June 13, 14, 21 (El National), 24, 1847. [69]Fúrlong to Am. gov., Aug. 10, 1847. [69]Prefect to Childs, Oct. 14; Nov. 2, 8; Dec. 20, 1847; Feb. 8, 1848. [69]Childs’s official papers [61]Scott, gen. orders 187, 1847. Nacional, Dec. 18, etc, 1847. [95]Report of the committee appointed to confer with Scott, Jan. 4, 1848. [75]Jefe político Tlaxcala to Scott, Nov. 23, 1847. Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 122–3. Donnavan, Adventures, 100. Colección de Documentos (Childs, orders, Oct. 16). Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1030 (Childs).