INDEX.

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[[A]] [[B]] [[C]] [[D]] [[E]] [[F]] [[G]] [[H]] [[I]] [[J]] [[K]] [[L]] [[M]] [[N]] [[O]] [[P]] [[Q]] [[R]] [[S]] [[T]] [[V]] [[W]] [[Z]]
Page
[A.]
Abundance of vegetable products of the coal period,[59]
Accumulation of vegetable matter,[117]
Actinolite,[15]
Action of internal heat,[128]
Action of waves,[107]
in forming harbors,[108]
Advantages of geological changes,[91]
Ætna,[26], [73]
Agate,[14]
Age of rocks, doubtful—
from change of lithological character,[61]
from distance,[61]
from disturbance,[61]
Alternation of coarse and fine material,[115]
Aluminium,[12]
Amethyst,[14]
Amygdaloidal structure,[17]
Ancient volcanic rocks,[29]
Andes, granite veins in,[25]
Angle of inclination,[71]
Anoplotherium,[55]
Anticlinal axis,[71]
Aqueous causes,[103]
Aqueo-glacial action,[120]
Argillaceous schist,[20], [31]
Arrangement of materials in the crust of the earth,[21]
Artesian wells,[92]
Asbestos,[15]
Atmospheric causes,[95]
Atolls,[81]
Augite,[15]
Auvergne, volcanic district of,[28]
[B.]
Basalt,[18]
Bed of the sea—
sunken areas in the,[142]
why elevated,[145]
Belemnites,[52]
Breccia,[19]
Brine springs—
in Silurian rocks,[35]
in the carboniferous formation,[43]
in the new red sandstone,[47]
[C.]
Calamite,[47]
Calcium,[13]
Cambrian system,[32]
Carbon,[11]
Carbonate of lime,[15]
Carbonate of magnesia,[19]
Carbonic acid a cause of disintegration of rocks,[95]
Carboniferous formation,[39]
essential to national wealth,[43]
extent of,[47]
a prospective arrangement,[43]
faults in,[41]
not always disturbed by faults,[42]
Carboniferous limestone,[39]
sometimes becomes a coal-bearing rock,[42]
fossils of the,[40]
Carnelian,[14]
Cause of internal heat,[128]
Cause of stratification,[114]
Caverns,[69]
Cephalaspis,[39]
Cephalopoda,[36]
in oölite,[50]
Chalcedony,[14]
Chalk,[52]
Changes of climate,[88]
how produced,[146]
Changes in the crust of the earth,[67]
of temperature a disintegrating agent,[96]
at the surface,[85]
Chemical action,[97]
in solids,[99]
in crystallization,[97]
Chlorine,[12]
Chlorite,[15]
Chlorite slate,[32]
Classification of rocks,[21]
Clay,[19]
Clay slate,[20]
Cleavage structure,[68], [98]
Coal,[16]
varieties of,[42]
mode of quarrying,[42]
origin of,[116]
conversion of vegetable matter into,[117]
now forming,[118]
Coal measures,[131]
fossils of the,[44]
Coal plants, tropical character of,[88]
Coal and iron associated,[43]
Clouded marble,[33]
Columnar structure,[18], [99]
Compact limestone,[19]
Concretionary formations,[99]
Conglomerate,[19]
of old red sandstone,[38]
Connecticut valley—
one of denudation,[87]
trap of,[30]
Continents—
mean elevation of,[144]
total elevation of,[144]
elevated gradually,[144]
why depressed,[145]
Contorted strata,[72]
Coral formation,[81], [102]
extent of,[102]
Coral reefs—
fringing,[81]
barrier,[81]
Coral rag,[49]
Corals in silurian rocks,[35]
Copper mines of Lake Superior,[47]
Creation, a progressive work,[62]
Cretaceous formation,[52]
Cretaceous formation, fossils of,[52]
geographical range of,[53]
Crinoidea in Silurian rocks,[36]
Crust of the earth,[16]
expansion and contraction of,[143]
[D.]
Delta deposits,[114]
Denudation of igneous rocks,[85]
Denudation of sedimentary rocks,[85]
Denudation produced by earthquake waves,[136]
Deposition of sediment,[113]
Diluvium,[20]
Dike,[69], [133]
Divisional planes,[68], [98]
Dolomite,[13], [19]
Drift,[20]
extent of,[53]
connected with striated surface of the rocks,[54]
connected with subsidence,[54], [126]
[E.]
Earth in a state of change,[97]
Earthquakes,[130]
wave-like motion of,[136]
Earthquake waves, rocks shivered by,[137]
Effect of atmospheric agencies,[95]
Electrical discharges, effect of,[96]
Elementary substances,[11]
Elevation and subsidence,[73]
Elevation and subsidence several times repeated,[82]
Elevation of mountains,[73]
cause of,[139]
spasmodic,[140]
gradual,[75]
Elevation of different mountains at different times,[75]
Elevation of continents,[76]
cause of,[142]
Elevation of North America,[76]
Elevation of the coast of Maine,[76]
Elevation of Europe,[77]
Elevation of South America,[78]
Encrinites,[36], [50]
[F.]
Fault,[41], [69]
Felspar,[14]
Filling up of lakes,[76]
Fingal’s cave,[30]
Fissile structure, origin of,[68]
Flint,[14]
in chalk,[52], [99]
Fluorine,[12]
Folded axes,[61], [72]
Formation of soils,[87]
Fossils—
definition of,[57]
how preserved,[57]
mineralization of,[58]
use of,[60]
order in which animals appeared, shown by,[58]
animal and vegetable, created together,[59]
as a record of climate,[88], [101]
Fossiliferous rocks,[32]
classification of,[32]
Fractures,[42], [68], [130]
opening downward,[133]
[G.]
Garnet,[16]
Geological causes, how far uniform,[94]
Geological causes, slow operation of,[95]
Geological investigations aided by displacement of strata,[92]
Geological periods, prolonged,[63]
shown by amount of strata,[63]
shown by duration of species,[64]
shown by amount of organic matter,[64]
shown by microscopic accumulations,[65]
Geology and Revelation,[65]
Giant’s Causeway,[30]
Glacial period,[90]
Glacial theory,[124]
Glaciers—
how formed,[120]
cause of motion,[121]
when they decrease,[122]
earthy matter on them,[122]
lateral moraines,[123]
surfaces grooved by,[123]
terminal moraines,[123]
Gneiss,[18], [30]
Gorge,[69]
Graham Island,[131]
Granite,[16]
varieties of,[16]
thickness of,[23]
structure of,[23]
formation of,[67]
igneous origin of,[138]
Granite veins,[24]
in granite,[24]
Granite of different ages,[25]
Granitic axes of mountains,[24], [140]
Greensand,[19], [52]
Greenstone,[18], [30]
Grooved surfaces of rock,[54], [87], [126]
Gypsum,[15]
in new red sandstone,[47]
beds, how produced,[99]
[H.]
Hall, Sir James, experiments,[135], [139]
Heterocercal tails of fishes,[48]
Homocercal tails,[48]
Hornblende,[14]
Hornblende slate,[20], [32]
Hydrogen,[11]
Hypersthene,[15]
Hypersthene rock,[17], [25]
[I.]
Icebergs—
how formed,[124]
earthy materials in,[125]
motion of,[125]
size and number of,[125]
effect in distributing drift,[126]
grooving the surface,[126]
Iceland spar,[19]
Iceland, volcanic eruption in,[26]
Ichthyosaurus,[50]
Igneous causes,[127]
Iguanodon,[51]
Inclined position of strata produced by upheaval,[70], [140]
Increase of temperature below the surface,[127]
Iron,[12]
[J.]
Jasper,[14]
Jorullo,[131]
[K.]
Kilauea,[26], [142]
[L.]
Lakes, filling up of,[76], [113]
Lava,[17], [25], [137]
varieties of,[25]
tertiary,[27]
elastic vapors contained in,[130], [132]
great quantity of modern,[26]
Lead-bearing strata,[35], [40]
Lepidodendron,[46]
Lias,[19], [49]
Limestone,[15], [19]
as a primary rock,[25]
metalliferous,[40]
Local changes of climate,[90]
[M.]
Magnesian limestone,[19], [47]
Magnesium,[13]
Mammoth,[56]
Man—
recently created,[59]
as an agent in producing geological changes,[101]
impressions of the feet of,[59]
skeleton of from Guadaloupe,[59]
Manganese,[12]
Marine currents,[108]
Marine currents, cause of,[109]
abrading power of,[111]
Marl,[19]
Mastodon,[55]
Megatherium,[55]
Metamorphic changes,[67]
Metamorphic rocks,[30]
amount of,[67]
origin of,[134]
order of superposition,[31]
upper limit variable,[13]
localities of,[32]
Metallic ores,[92]
Mica,[14]
slate,[18], [31]
Millstone grit,[40]
fossils of,[41]
becomes coal measures,[42]
Mineral—
definition of,[13]
Mineral veins,[69]
formation of,[100]
Modern formation,[57]
why but little known,[57]
fossils,[57]
Moisture of the atmosphere a disintegrating agent,[96]
Monte Nuovo,[26]
Mount Loa, eruption of,[26]
[N.]
Neocomian system,[52]
New red sandstone,[47]
fossils of,[48]
ores of,[47]
geographical range of,[49]
Niagara Falls, how preserved,[106]
Nitrogen,[11]
Nummulite rock,[54]
[O.]
Oceanic mountains,[75]
Ocean level, nearly permanent,[74]
Old red sandstone,[38]
fossils of,[39]
extent of,[39]
Oölite,[19]
Oölitic structure,[49]
Oölite system,[49]
calcareous,[49]
fossils of,[50]
localities of,[51]
Opal,[14]
Organic causes,[101]
Orthoceras,[36], [40]
Outcrop,[71]
Oxide of iron,[16]
Oxygen,[11]
[P.]
Paleotherium,[55]
Papandayang,[95], [142]
Permian system,[47]
Plesiosaurus,[51]
Porphyritic structure,[17]
Potassium,[12]
Primary limestone,[19]
Pterodactyle,[51]
Pumice-stone,[17]
Pyroxene,[15]
[Q.]
Quartz,[14]
rock,[32]
[R.]
Raindrops, impressions of,[48]
Raised beaches,[76]
Ravine,[69]
Recent elevation in Europe,[79]
Recent formation,[57]
Ripple marks,[48]
Rivers—
beds of, raised,[113]
continued into the sea,[112]
abrading action of,[105]
abrading action of promoted by foreign substances,[106]
Rock crystal,[14]
Rock salt,[16], [118]
Rocks, denned,[16]
Rose quartz,[14]
[S.]
Saccharine limestone,[19], [32]
Saliferous system,[47]
Saline properties of the ocean, how obtained,[104]
Salt beds—
where found,[118]
how formed,[119]
Sandstone,[19]
Schorl,[16]
Scoriæ,[17], [133]
Sediment—
amount of in rivers,[107]
deposition of,[113]
sorted by rivers,[112]
Selenite,[16]
Serpentine,[15]
a primary rock,[25]
Shale,[20]
Siberia, remains of elephants in,[89]
Sigillaria,[45]
Silicium,[12]
Sinking of wharves, towns, &c.,[79]
Silurian system,[34]
tabular arrangement of,[34]
divisions of,[35]
fossils of,[36]
geographical range,[38]
Slaty structure—
in the gold washings of Chili,[98]
produced by electric currents,[98]
Slope of mountains,[73]
Soapstone,[15]
Sodium,[13]
Solidification of rocks,[68], [119]
Soluble materials of rocks,[103]
Solution of mineral substances—
promoted by heat,[104]
promoted by an alkali,[104]
promoted by carbonic acid,[105]
Sources of the sedimentary materials,[103]
Sources of the sediment of rivers,[97]
Species—
disappearance of,[62]
causes of the disappearance of,[62]
Springs,[92]
Stability of continents only apparent,[145]
Statuary marble,[19]
Stigmaria,[44]
Strata—
horizontal,[70], [115]
permeable and impermeable,[92]
irregular, how produced,[115]
Striated surfaces,[87]
Submerged forests,[79]
Subsidence of land,[79], [145]
Subsidence of land in Greenland,[82]
Subsidence and elevation in the Pacific,[80]
Sulphate of lime,[15]
Sulphur,[12]
Sun-cracks,[48]
Sunken areas,[142]
Syenite,[17]
Synclinal axes,[72]
[T.]
Taconic system,[32]
Talc,[15]
Talcose slate,[20], [32]
Temperature at great depths,[127]
Temple of Jupiter Serapis,[83]
Tertiary system,[53]
age, how determined,[53]
fossils,[54]
divisions of,[53]
geographical range,[56]
Tilestones of the old red sandstone,[38]
Trachyte,[18]
Tracks in new red sandstone,[49]
Transportation of sediment,[111]
Trappean rocks,[17]
localities of,[29]
Tremolite,[15]
Trias,[47]
Trilobite,[37], [40]
[V.]
Valley,[69]
of elevation,[71], [75]
of subsidence,[72]
Valley of denudation,[87]
Vein of segregation,[69]
Verd-antique marble,[15]
Volcanic rocks,[17], [25]
of different ages,[26]
in what states ejected,[25]
Volcanic mountains, dimensions,[26]
Volcanic activity—
regions of,[129]
water essential to,[130]
Volcanic cones—
formation of,[131]
lateral,[132]
Volcanic cinders, scoriæ, glass,[132]
Volcanic action, effects of,[133]
Volcanic origin—
of trappean rocks,[138]
of granitic rocks,[138]
Volcanoes—
number,[26]
linear arrangement of,[131]
near the sea,[129]
new,[131]
of the tertiary period, long active,[28]
[W.]
Watt on fusion of basalt,[100]
Waves, action of,[107]
Wealden,[49]
Wind a geological agent,[96]
[Z.]
Zechstein,[47]

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