Christopher Columbus and How He Received and Imparted the Spirit of Discovery

by Justin Winsor

Quick Links to Index Letters
[[A]] [[B]] [[C]] [[D]] [[E]] [[F]] [[G]] [[H]] [[I]]
[[J]] [[K]] [[L]] [[M]] [[N]] [[O]] [[P]] [[Q]] [[R]]
[[S]] [[T]] [[U]] [[V]] [[W]] [[X]] [[Y]] [[Z]]

[A]
Acklin Island, [215].
Adam of Bremen, [147].
Adda, G. d', [12].
Admiral's map, [534], [546], [581]. See [Waldseemüller].
Africa, circumnavigations of, [91];
discoveries along its coast, [91], [151];
early maps, [133];
Ptolemy's map of its southern part, [335].
Agnese Baptista, his maps, [595], [597].
Aguado, Juan, sent to Española, [317];
his conduct, [319].
Ailly, Pierre d', De Imagine Mundi, [7], [8], [121], [180], [497];
his map (1410), [601].
Albertus Magnus, [497];
portrait, [120].
Aleutian Islands, [652], [658].
Alexander VI., letter to, from Columbus, [9];
pope, [252];
his bull of demarcation, [252];
his bust, [253].
Alfonso V. (Portugal), [108].
Aliacus. See [Ailly].
Allefonsce, [614].
Allegetto degli Allegetti, Ephemerides, [32].
Almagro, [565].
Alto Velo, [390].
Alva, Duke of, [514], [515].
Amazons, [235], [237].
America, mainland first seen by Columbus, 351;
gradually developed as a continent, 529, 606, 619, 660;
history of its name, [538], [621];
earliest maps bearing the name, [547]-[552];
the name never recognized in Spain, [554];
earliest on maps, [581];
was it known to the ancients? [606].
See [North] and [South America].
Anacaona, [305];
entertains Bartholomew Columbus, [361];
captured, [473].
Ancuparius, [588].
Angelus, Jacobus. [531].
Ango, Jean, [556].
Anian, Straits of, [418], [620].
Antarctic continent, [628], [644].
Antillia, belief in, [111], [112], [128].
Apianus, his map (1520), [550], [587];
portrait, [586].
Archipelago on the Asiatic coast, [190].
Arctic explorations, [640], [658], [659], [660].
Asia, as known to Marco Polo, etc., map, [113], [114].
Aspa, Ant. de, his documents, [29].
Astrolabe, [94]-[96], [132], [150], [260], [632].
Atlantic Ocean, early cartography of, [86], [88];
floating islands in, [185];
its archipelago, [185];
as defined by Behaim compared with its actual condition, [190];
early voyages on, [603].
Atlantis, story of, [126].
Aubert, Thomas, [556].
Audiencia, [518].
Avila, Luis de, [527].
Ayala, Pedro de, [343].
Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de, [561];
and Diego Colon, [522];
his map, [561], [584];
settlement on the Potomac, [561].
Azores discovered, [86], [88].
[B]
Babeque, [225], [230], [231].
Baccalaos, [344].
Back-staff, [648].
Bacon, Roger, Opus majus, [121], [497].
Badajos, congress at, [590].
Baffin, Wm., [650].
Baffin's Bay, [651].
Bahamas, Herrera's map, [212];
modern map, [213];
character of, [215];
their peoples, [218];
depopulated, [515].
Balboa, [562];
portrait, [563];
discovers the South Sea, [564], [606];
executed, [564].
Ballester, Miguel, [366], [372].
Bancroft, H. H., on Columbus, [59], [503].
Bank of St. George, and its records, [21], [70].
Barclay, Alex., translates Brant, [537].
Barlow, S. L. M., his library, [17].
Barrentes, Garcia de, [372].
Barros, João de. Decada, [33], [149], [241].
Bastidas, Rodrigo de, on the South American coast, [426], [528].
Basques on the Atlantic, [128];
fishermen, [340].
Baza, siege of, [169].
Behaim, Martin, in Lisbon, [132];
improves the astrolabe, [132];
at sea, [134];
portrait, [134];
and Columbus, [150];
his globe, [185]-[188], [533].
Behechio, [305], [361].
Belknap, Dr. Jeremy, on Columbus, [55].
Belloy, Marquis de, life of Columbus, [54].
Beneventanus, [533].
Benincasa, maps, [81].
Benzoni, [32], [51].
Beradi, Juonato, [258], [317].
Bergenroth, Calendar, [13], [23].
Bergomas, his chronicle, [32].
Bering's Straits, [418], [657].
Bering, his discoveries, [529], [620], [653].
Bernaldez, Andrès, friend of Columbus, [13], [331];
Historia, [13], [18], [37].
Berwick, Duke of, [527].
Béthencourt, Jean de, [86].
Bianco, Andrea, his map, [88], [89];
helps Fra Mauro, [100].
Bienewitz. See [Apianus].
Bimini, [422], [558], [560].
Birds, flight of, [88].
Blanco, Cape, passed, [98].
Bloodhounds, [312].
Blunderville, [632].
Bobadilla, Francisco de, sent to Santo Domingo, [390];
his character, [395];
his instructions, [396], [397];
reaches Española, [398];
his acts, [398];
their effect upon Columbus, [400];
arrests Bastidas, [426];
his rule in Santo Domingo, [428];
superseded, [429];
to return to Spain, [440];
lost, [440].
Bohio, [228].
Bojador, Cape, passed, [97].
Bordone, map, [142].
Bossi, L., on Columbus, [32].
Bourne, Wm., The Regiment of the Sea, [631].
Boyle. See [Buil].
Brandt, Shyppe of Fools, [14].
Brazil coast visited by Cabral, [378];
early explorers, [533].
Brazil, island of, [112], [139].
Breton explorations, [555], [556].
Breviesca, Ximeno de, [333].
Brevoort, J. C., [597], [607], [621].
Briggs in Purchas, [652].
Bristol, England, and its maritime expeditions, [342].
Brocken, Baron van, Colomb, [55].
Brymner, Douglas, [660].
Buache, his map, [656].
Büdinger, Max, Acten zur Columbus Geschichte, [46];
Zur Columbus Literatur, [46].
Buet, C., Colomb, [54].
Buil, Bernardo, sent to the New World, [259].
Bull of demarcation, [22], [252], [339].
Bull of extension, [305].
Button, Sir Thomas, [650].
Bylot, Robert, [650].
[C]
Cabot, John, in England, [167], [340];
sails on a voyage of discovery, [340];
earliest engraved map of his discoveries, [341];
great circle sailing, [341];
discovers land, [341];
question of his landfall, [341];
returns to Bristol, [342];
question of his going to Seville, [343];
his second voyage, [344];
its extent, [344];
lack of knowledge respecting these voyages, [345];
authorities on, [346];
was his voyage known to Columbus? [386];
and the Ruysch map, [533];
his explorations, [624].
Cabot, Sebastian, his observation of the line of no variation, [201];
on Columbus's discovery, [248];
his participancy in his father's voyages, [344];
his papers, [345];
alleged voyage, [427];
voyages, [555];
his mappemonde, [341], [345], [624], [626], [627];
returns to England, [639];
portrait, [642].
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, on the South American coast, [377].
Cabrero, Juan, [161].
Cabrillo, [611].
Cacique, [231].
Cadamosto, his voyage, [98].
Cado, Fermin, [285].
California, peninsula of, [610];
its name, [611];
map, [611];
mapped as an island, [652];
Drake on the coast, [644], [645].
Cam, Diogo, [134].
Camargo on the coast of Chili, [577].
Camers, Johann, [585].
Canaries, their history, [86];
map of, [194].
Cannibals, [225], [227], [230], [268], [270], [281].
Canoes, [219].
Cantino, Alberto, [417];
Cantino map, [387];
sketched, [419];
its traits examined, [420];
its relation with Columbus, [421].
Caonabo, [305];
attacks La Navidad, [273], [275];
attacks St. Thomas, [308];
forms a league, [308];
captured, [313];
dies, [323].
Cape Blanco, [98].
Cape Bojador, [97].
Cape Breton, [627].
Cape of Good Hope discovered, [151].
Cape Horn discovered, [577];
seen by Drake, [644].
Cape Race, [534].
Cape Verde Island discovered, [199].
Cardenas, Alonso de, [161].
Cardona, Cristoval de, Admiral of Aragon, [524], [526], [527].
Caribs, [236], [271], [323].
Carpini, Plano, [90].
Carthaginians as voyagers, [127].
Cartier, Jacques, his explorations, [612], [624].

Carvajal, Alonso Sanchez de, factor of Columbus, [430].
Carvajal, Bernardin de, [248].
Casa de Contratacion, [481].
Casaneuve. See [Colombo the Corsair].
Casanove, [71].
Casoni, F., annals of Genoa, [32], [154].
Casteñeda, Juan de, [238].
Castellanos, Elegias, [491].
Castillo, [611].
Catalan seamanship, [94].
Catalina, Doña, [9], [276].
Cathay, [224], [457];
early name of China, [90];
map of, [113], [114];
as found by the Portuguese, [509].
Cazadilla, [150].
Chanca, Dr., his narrative, [29];
goes to the new world, [262], [282].
Charles V., portrait, [519].
Chaves, Alonso, his map, [561], [621];
at the Seville Conference, [604].
Chesapeake Bay, Spaniards in the, [633].
Chili discovered, [565], [577].
China, early known, [90]. See [Cathay].
Chronica Delphinea, [9], [11].
Chronometers, [260], [603].
Chytræus, [627].
Cibao, [232];
its mines visited by Ojeda, [279].
Ciguare, [447]. Cipango, [125];
map, [113].
Circourt, Count, [46].
Clavus, Claudius, [140], [141].
Clemente, Claudio, Tablas, [214].
Climatic lines, [601].
Codex Flatoyensis, [146].
Coelho's voyage, [410].
Colombo, Balthazar, [525], [527].
Colombo, Bernardo, [525], [527].
Colombo, Corsair, [71], [72], [83], [84].
Colon, Cristoval (bastard son of Luis, grandson of Columbus), [526].
Colon, Diego (brother of Columbus), born, [77];
in Spain and in Columbus's second expedition, [262];
his character, [285];
placed by Columbus in command at Isabella, [290];
goes to Spain, [311];
quarrels with Fonseca, [318].
Colon, Diego (son of Columbus), [106];
page to the Queen, [181];
at Court, [478], [479];
receives letter from Columbus, [478];
his illegitimate children, [513];
receives what was due to his father, [513];
urges the King to restore his father's privileges, [513];
his suit against the Crown, [514], [553];
wins, [515];
marriage, [515];
denied the title of Viceroy, [515];
Governor of Española, [515], [516];
in Spain, [519];
lends money to Charles V., [520];
his income, [520];
Viceroy, [520];
builds a palace, [520];
its ruins, [520];
in Spain pressing his claims, [522];
dies, [522];
his children, [522].
Colon, Diego (great-grandson of Columbus), marries and becomes Duke of Veragua, [525], [526];
his connection with the Historie of 1571, [44].
Colon, Luis (grandson of Columbus), succeeds his father, [522];
makes compromise with the Crown, [522];
holds Jamaica, [523];
made Duke of Veragua, [523];
governs Española, [523];
his marriages, [523];
imprisoned and dies, [523];
his children, [526].
Colon. See [Columbus].
Columbia River, [658].
Columbus, Bartholomew (brother of Columbus), born, [77];
in Portugal, [104];
affects Columbus's views, [117];
with Diaz on the African coast, [151], [303];
sent to England, [167], [303], [339];
in France, [168], [303];
reaches Española, [303];
made Adelantado, [304];
left in command by Columbus, [323];
confirmed by the Crown as Adelantado, [328];
portrait, [329];
attacks the Quibian, [451];
sees Columbus for the last time, [488];
survives him, [513];
goes to Rome, [516];
takes a map, [516], [533];
goes to Española, [516];
dies, [518];
reputed descendant, [527].
Columbus, Christopher, sources of information, [1];
biographers, [30];

his prolixity and confusion, [1];
his writings, [1];
Libro de las Proficias, [1];
facsimile of his handwriting, [2];
his private papers, [2];
letters, [2], [5];
written in Spanish, [2];
his privileges, [3];
Codex Diplomaticus, [3];
the Custodia at Genoa, [4], [5];
Bank of St. George, [5];
marginalia, [7];
Declaracion de Tabla navigatoria, [7], [32];
Cinco Zonas, [7];
lost manuscripts, [8];
MS. annotations, [8];
missing letters, [9], [18], [19];
missing commentary, [9];
journal of his first voyage, [9], [193];
printed in English, [10];
letters on his discovery, [10];
printed editions, [12];
Catalan text, [13];
Latin text, [14];
his transient fame, [14];
in England, [14];
autographs, [14];
edition of the Latin first letter, [15];
facsimile of a page, [16];
libraries possessing copies, [17];
bibliography of first letter, [17];
other accounts of first voyage, [17];
lawsuits of heirs, [18], [26], [514];
account of his second voyage, [18], [264];
Libro del Segundo Viage, [18], [264];
letters owned by the Duke de Veragua, [18];
accounts of his third voyage, [18], [347];
of his fourth voyage, [19];
Lettera rarissima, [19];
Libros de memorias, [19];
work on the Arctic Pole, [19];
his maps, [29];
Memorial del Pleyto, [26];
Italian accounts of, [30];
influenced by his Spanish life, [33];
Portuguese accounts, [33];
Spanish accounts, [33];
documents preserved by Las Casas, [47];
canonization, [52];
English accounts, [55];
life by Irving, [56];
bibliography, [59];
his portraits, [61]-[70];
his person, [61];
tomb at Havana, [69];
his promise to the Bank of St. George, 5, [70];
ancestry, [71];
early home, [71];
name of Colombo, [71];
the French family, [71];
professes he was not the first admiral of his name, [72];
spurious genealogies, [73], [74];
prevalence of the name Colombo, [73];
his grandfather, [74];
his father, [74];
life at Savona, [75];
Genoa, [75];
his birth, [76];
disputed date, [76];
his mother, [77];
her offspring, [77];
place of his birth, [77];
many claimants, [78];
uncertainties of his early life, [79];
his early education, [79];
his penmanship and drawing, [79];
specimen of it, [80];
said to have been at Pavia, [79];
at Genoa, [81];
in Anjou's expedition, [83];
his youth at sea, [83];
drawn to Portugal, [86], [102];
living there, [103];
alleged swimming with an oar, [103];
marries, [105];
supposed interview with a sailor who had sailed west, [107];
knew Marco Polo's book, [116];
Mandeville's book, [116];
the ground of his belief in a western passage, [117];
inherits his views of the sphericity of the earth, [119];
of its size, [123];
his ignorance of the Atlantis story, etc., [126], [148];
learns of western lands, [129];
in Portugal, [131];
in Iceland, [135];
Tratado de las Cinco Zonas, [137];
and the Sagas, [146];
his first gratuity in Spain, [149];
difficulty in following his movements, [149];
interviews the Portuguese king, [150];
abandons Portugal, [149], [153];
did he lay his project before the authorities of Genoa? [153];
did he propose to those of Venice? [154];
did he leave a wife in Portugal? [154];
enters Spain, [154], [157], [169];
at Rabida, [154], [173];
calls himself Colon, [157];
receives gratuities, [157], [168];
sells books and maps, [158];
writes out his proofs of a new world, [158];
interview with Ferdinand of Spain, [159];
his monument at Genoa, [163];
at Malaga, [165];
connection with Beatrix Enriquez, [166];
his son Ferdinand born, [166];
his views in England, [167];
invited back to Portugal, [168];
lived in Spain with the Duke of Medina-Celi, [169];
at Cordova, [169];
at Baza, [169];
his views again rejected, [170];
at Santa Fé, [176];
his arrogant demands, [177];
starts for France, [177];
recalled and agreed with, [179];
his passport, [180];
the capitulations, [181];
allowed to use Don, [181];
at Palos, [181];
his fleet fitted out, [182];
expenses of the first voyage, [183];
his flag-ship, [183];
her size, [184];
hopes to find mid-ocean islands, [185];
sails, [191];
keeps a journal, [193];
the "Pinta" disabled, [195];
sees Teneriffe, [195];
at the Canaries, [195];
falsifies his reckoning, [195];
map of the routes of his four voyages, [196];
of the first voyage, [197];
his dead reckoning, [198];
his judgment of his speed, [198];
observes no variation of his needle, [198];
watches the stars, [203];
believed the earth pear-shaped, [203];
meets a west wind, [205];
thinks he sees land, [206];
follows the flight of birds, [206];
pacifies his crew, [207];
alleged mutiny, [208];
claims to see a light, [208];
receives a reward for first seeing land, [209], [249];
map of the landfall, [210];
land actually seen, [211];
land taken possession of, [211];
his armor, [211];
question of his landfall, [214];
trades with the natives, [218], [220];
first intimates his intention to enslave them, [220];
finds other islands, [220];
eager to find gold, [221];
reaches Cuba, [223];
mentions pearls for the first time, [223];
thought himself on the coast of Cathay, [224];
takes an observation, [224];
meets with tobacco, [225];
with potatoes, [225];
hears of cannibals, [225];
seeks Babeque, [225];
difficult communication with the natives, [226], [227];
in the King's Garden, [226];
deserted by Pinzon, [226];
at Española, [228];
takes his latitude, [229];
entertains a cacique, [231];
meets with a new language, [232];
seeks gold, [232];
shipwrecked, [232];
builds a fort, [233];
names it La Navidad, [235];
hears of Jamaica, [235];
of Amazons, [235];
fears the Pinzons, [235];
sees mermaids, [236];
sails for Spain, [236];
meets a gale, [237];
separates from the "Pinta," [237];
throws overboard an account of his discoveries, [238];
makes land at the Azores, [238];
gets provisions, [238];
his men captured on shore, [239];
again at sea, [240];
enters the Tagus, [240];
reason for using the name Indies, [240];
goes to the Portuguese Court, [241];
leaves the Tagus, having sent a letter to the Spanish Court, [242];
reaches Palos, [242];
the "Pinta" arrives the same day, [242], [244];
his Indians, [244], [259], [272];
summoned to Court, [244];
at Barcelona, [245];
reception, [245];
his life there, [246], [247], [249], [256];
his first letter, [248];
scant impression made by the announcement, [248];
the egg story, [249];
receives a coat-of-arms, [249], [550];
his family arms, [251];
his motto, [251];
receives the royal seal, [256];
leaves the Court, [256];
in Seville, [256];
relations with Fonseca begin, [256];
fits out the second expedition, [257], [258], [261];
embarks, [263];
sails, [264];
his character, [265];
at the Canaries, [265];
at Dominica, [266];
at Marigalante, [266];
at Guadaloupe, [268];
fights the Caribs at Santa Cruz, [271];
reaches Española, [272];
arrives at La Navidad, [273];
finds it destroyed and abandons it, [275], [277];
disembarks at another harbor, [278];
founds Isabella, [278];
grows ill, [279];
expeditions to seek gold, [279], [280];
writes to the sovereigns, [280];
the fleet leaves him, [282];
harassed by factions, [284];
leads an expedition inland, [285];
builds Fort St. Thomas, [287];
returns to Isabella, [288];
sends Ojeda to St. Thomas, [289];
sails to explore Cuba, [290];
discovers Jamaica, [291];
returns to Cuba, [293];
imagines his approach to the Golden Chersonesus, [295];
exacts an oath from his men that they were in Asia, [296];
doubts as to his own belief, [297];
return voyage, [299];
on the Jamaica coast, [300];
calculates his longitude on the Española coast, [301];
falls into a stupor, [302];
reaches Isabella, [302];
finds his brother Bartholomew there, [303];
learns what had happened in his absence, [304];
receives supplies, [309];
sends the fleet back, [310];
sends Diego to Spain, [311];
sends natives as slaves, [311];
battle of the Vega Real, [312];
oppresses the natives, [315];
his enemies in Spain, [318];
receives a royal letter by Aguado, [319];
the fleet wrecked, [321];
thinks the mines of Hayna the Ophir of Solomon, [322];
sails for Spain, [323];
reaches Cadiz, [324];
lands in the garb of a Franciscan, [325];
proceeds to Court, [326];
asks for a new fleet, [326];
delays, [327];
his rights reaffirmed, [328];
new proportion of profits, [328];
his will, [330];
his signature, [330];
lives with Andres Bernaldez, [331];
his character drawn by Bernaldez, [331];
enlists criminals, [332];
his altercation with Fonseca's agent, [333];
had authorized voyages, [336];
the third voyage and its sources, [347];
leaves directions for his son Diego, [348];
sails from San Lucar, [348];
his course, [348];
letter to him from Jayme Ferrer, [349];
captures a French prize, [349];
at the Cape de Verde Islands, [349];
at Trinidad, [350];
first sees mainland, [351];
touches the Gulf Stream, [352];
grows ill, 355, [356];
his geographical delusions, [356];
compared with Vespucius, [358];
observations of nature, [359];
meets the Adelantado, [359];
reaches Santo Domingo, [365];
his experience with convict settlers, [366], [392], [396], [434];
sends letters to Spain, [367];
treats with Roldan, [368], [370];
institutes repartimientos, [371];
sends other ships to Spain, [371];
his prerogatives as Admiral infringed, [372];
sends Roldan against Ojeda, [374];
did he know of Cabot's voyage? [386];
his wrongs from furtive voyagers, [372]-[387];
opposition to his rule in the Antilles, [388];
his new relations with Roldan, [389];
quells Moxica's plot, [390];
Bobadilla arrives, [390];
charges against the Admiral, [392], [402], [404];
his deceiving the Crown, [393];
receives copies of Bobadilla's instructions, [400];
reaches Santo Domingo, [401];
imprisoned and fettered, [401];
sent to Spain in chains, [403];
his letter to Prince Juan's nurse, [404], [405], [407];
his alienation of mind, [405];
reaches Cadiz, [407];
his reception, [408], [409];
suspended from power, [409];
his connection with the Cantino map, [420], [421];
his destitution, [420];
his vested rights invaded, [428];
his demands unheeded, [428];
sends a factor to Española, [430];
Libros de las Proficias, [431];
his projected conquest of the Holy Land, [431];
defeated by Satan, [431];
dreams on a hidden channel through the new world, [432];
still seeking the Great Khan, [433];
his purposed gift to Genoa, [434];
writes to the Bank of St. George, [435];
his fourth voyage, [437];
his mental and physical condition, [437];
at Martinico, [438];
touches at the forbidden Santo Domingo, [438];
but is denied the port, [439];
his ships ride out a gale, [441];
on the Honduras coast, [441];
meets a large canoe, [442];
says mass on the land, [442];
on the Veragua coast, [445];
touches the region tracked by Bastidas, [448];
sees a waterspout, [449];
returns to Veragua, [450];
finds the gold mines of Solomon, [450];
plans settlement at Veragua, [451];
dangers, [451];
has a fever, [453];
hears a voice, [454];
the colony rescued, [456];
sails away, [456];
abandons one caravel, [457];
on the Cuban coast, [457];
goes to Jamaica, [457];
strands his ships, [458];
sends Mendez to Ovando, [458], [461];
writes a letter to his sovereigns, [459];
Lettera rarissima, [459];
his worship of gold, [461];
the revolt of Porras, [462];
Porras sails away, [464];
but returns to the island and wanders about, [464];
predicts an eclipse of the moon, [465];
Escobar arrives, [467];
and leaves, [468];
negotiations with Porras, [468];
fight between the rebels and the Adelantado, [469];
Porras captured, [469];
the rebels surrender, [470];
Mendez sends to rescue him, [471];
leaves Jamaica, [471];
learns of events in Española during his absence, [472];
reaches Santo Domingo, [475];
relations with Ovando, [475];
sails for Spain, [475];
arrives, [476];
in Seville, [477];

his letters at this time, [477];
his appeals, [477];
fears Porras, [478], [479];
appeals to Mendez, [479];
his increasing malady, [480];
sends a narrative to Rome, [482];
suffered to ride on a mule, [483];
relations with the Bank of St. George in Genoa, [483];
his privileges, [484];
doubtful reference to Fonseca, [484];
later relations with Vespucius, [484];
his property sold, [486];
goes to Segovia, [486];
Deza asked to arbitrate, [486];
makes a will, [487];
at Salamanca, [487];
at Valladolid, [488];
seeks to propitiate Juana, [488];
makes a codicil to his will, [488];
its doubtful character, [488];
ratifies his will, [489];
its provisions, [489];
dies, [490];
his death unnoticed, [491];
later distich proposed for his tomb, [491];
successive places of interment, [491];
his bones removed to Santo Domingo, [492];
to Havana, [492];
controversy over their present position, [492];
his chains, [494];
the age of Columbus, [494];
statue at Santo Domingo, [495];
his character, his dependence on the Imago Mundi, [497];
on other authors, [498];
relations with Toscanelli, [499];
different delineations of his character, [501];
his observations of nature, [502];
his overwrought mind, [502];
hallucinations, [503], [504];
arguments for his canonization, [505];
purpose to gain the Holy Sepulchre, [505];
his Catholicism, [505];
his urgency to enslave the Indians, [505], [506];
his scheme of repartimientos [506];
adopts garb of the Franciscans, [508];
mercenary, [508], [509];
the moving light of his first voyage, [510];
insistence on territorial power, [510];
claims inspiration, [511];
his heirs, [513];
his discoveries denied after his death, [514], [520];
his territorial power lost by his descendants, [523];
table of his descendants, [524], [525];
his male line becomes extinct, [526];
lawsuit to establish the succession, [526];
female line through the Portogallos fails, [527];
now represented by the Larreategui family, [528];
present value of the estates, [528];
the geographical results of his discoveries, [529];
connection with early maps, [533], [534];
his errors in longitude, [603];
his observations of magnetic influence, [632].
Columbus, Ferdinand (bastard son of Columbus), [480], [482];
his Historie, [39];
doubts respecting it, [39];
his career, [40];
his income, [40];
his library, [40];
its catalogue, [42];
English editions of the Historie, [55];
his birth, [166];
at school, [181];
made page of the Queen, [331];
his ability, [513];
goes with Diego to Española, [515];
aids his brother's widow, [522];
an arbiter, [522];
owns Ptolemy (1513), [545];
his disregard of the claims urged for Vespucius, [553];
his Colon de Concordia, [571];
arbiter at the Congress of Badajos, [591];
advises the King, [591];
his house at Seville, [603];
at the Seville Conference, [604];
map inscribed to him, [605].
Coma, Guglielmo, [282].
Conti, Nicolo di, [116], [509].
Cook, James, voyage, [633], [658].
Cordova, Cathedral of, [172].
Coronel, Pedro Fernandez, [332], [364].
Correa da Cunha, Pedro, [106], [131].
Correnti, C., [12].
Corsairs, [71].
Corsica, claim for Columbus's birth in, [77].
Cortereal discoveries, [577].
Cortereal, Gaspar, manuscript, facsimile, [414];
his voyage to Labrador, [415].
Cortereal, João Vaz, [129].
Cortereal, Miguel, his handwriting, facsimile, [416];
his voyages, [417].
Cortes, Hernando, in Santo Domingo, [475];
sails for Mexico, [565];
his map of the Gulf of Mexico, [567], [569], [607];
his exploring expeditions, [568];
planning to explore the Pacific, [591];
his Pacific explorations, [610];
his portrait, [610].
Cortes, Martin, [630].
Cosa, Juan de la, [426];
goes to the new world, [262];
his charts, [343], [345], [380]-[382];
with Ojeda, [373].
Cosco, Leander de, [15].
Costa Rica, map, [443].
Cotabanama, [305], [474].
Coulomp, [71].
Cousin, Jean, on the Brazil coast, [174].
Crignon, Pierre, [556].
Criminals enlisted by Columbus, [332].
Crossbows, [258].
Cross-staff, [261], [632], [648]. See Back-staff.
Cuba, reached by Columbus, [223];
believed to be Asia, [226];
named Juana, [228];
its southern coast explored, [291];
insularity of, [384];
Wytfliet's map, [384]-[85];
its cartography, [424];
Columbus's views, [425];
circumnavigated, [565].
Cubagua, [355].
Cushing, Caleb, on the Everett MS., [4];
on Navarrete, [28];
on Columbus's landfall, [217].
[D]
Darien, isthmus, map, [446].
Dati, versifies Columbus's first letter, [15].
D'Avezac on the Historie, [45].
Davis, John, in the north, [643], [648];
his Seaman's Secrets, [649].
Dead reckoning, [94].
De Bry, [51];
his engraving of Columbus, [66], [68].
Degree, length of, [124].
Del Cano, [576].
Demarcation. See [Bull of].
Demersey, A., on the Muñoz MSS., [27].
Denys, Jean, [556].
Desceliers (or Henri II.) map, [612], [624]
Deza, Diego de, [161], [164], [170];
asked to arbitrate between Columbus and the King, [486].
Diaz, Bart., on the African coast, [151].
Diaz, Miguel, [322], [399].
Diaz de Pisa, Bernal, [284].
Dogs used against the natives, [292], [312].
Dominica, [266].
Dominicans in Española, [508].
Don, Nicholas, [556].
Donis, Nicholas, his map, [140], [531].
Drake, Francis, sees Cape Horn, [577];
his voyages, [643];
portrait, [645], [654].
Drogeo, [635].
Duro, C. F., Colon, etc., [54].
Dutch, the, their American explorations, [649].
[E]
Earth, sphericity of, [118];
size of, [121];
how far known before Columbus, [122].
East India Company, [650].
Eden, R., Treatyse of the Newe India, [537], [538];
Decades, [538];
Arte of Navigation, [631];
influence in England, [639].
Eden (paradise), situation of, [357].
Eggleston, Edward, [597], [599].
Enciso, Fernandes d', Geographia, [587].
Encomiendas, [314].
England, reception of Columbus's news in, [167];
earliest mention of the Spanish discoveries, [537];
sea-manuals in, [631];
effects on discovery of her commercial spirit, [632];
her explorations, [639];
beginning of her colonization, [648];
her later explorations, [650];
her seamen in the Caribbean Sea, [373], [426], [427];
on the eastern coast of North America, [601].
Enriquez, Beatrix, connection with Columbus, [166];
noticed in Columbus's will, [489].
Equator, crossed by the Portuguese, [134];
first crossed on the American side, [376].
Eric the Red, [139], [140], [144], [146].
Escobar, Diego de, sent to Jamaica by Ovando, [467].
Escobar, Roderigo de, [451].
Escoveda, Rodrigo de, [235].
Española, discovered and named, [228], [229];
its divisions, [305];
Charlevoix's map, [306];
Ramusio's map of, [369];
Ovando recalled, [515];
Diego Colon governor, [515];
sugar cane raised, [520].
Esquibel, Juan de, [474].
Estotiland, [635].
Evangelista, [297].
Everett, A. H., on Irving's Columbus, [56].
Everett, Edward, possessed a copy of Columbus's privileges, [3].
[F]
Faber, Jacobus, Meteorologia, [546].
Faber, Dr. John, [540].
Fagundes, [566].
Faria y Sousa, Europa Portuguesa, [241].
Farrer, Domina, her map, [652], [654], [655].
Ferdinand of Spain, his character, [159];
his unwillingness to embark in Columbus's plans, [178];
his appearance, [245];
grows apathetic, [327];
his portrait, [328];
his distrust of Columbus, [393], [427], [479], [486];
sends Bobadilla to Santo Domingo, [394];
dies [520], [555].
Ferdinando, Simon, [646].
Fernandina, [221].
Ferrelo, [612].
Ferrer, Jayme, letter to Columbus, [349].
Fieschi, G. L., [9].
Fiesco, B., [462].
Finæus, Orontius, his map, [607]-[609].
Flamsteed, [648].
Floating islands, [190].
Flores discovered, [88].
Florida coast early known, [424];
discovered, [558];
English on the coast, [632].
Fonseca, Juan Rodriguez de, relations with Columbus begin, [256];
his character, [256], [257], [316];
quarrel with Diego Colon, [318];
allowed to grant licenses, [329];
lukewarm towards the third voyage of Columbus, [333];
made bishop of Placentia, [484].
Fontanarossa, G. de, [77].
Fonte, de, [653].
Fort Concepcion, [309].
Fox, G. A., on Columbus's landfall, [214], [216].
Fox, Luke, his map, [651].
France, her share in American explorations, [633].
Franciscus, monk, his map, [606].
Franciscans in Española, [508].
Freire, Juan, his map, [577], [578], [612].
Friess. See [Frisius].
Frisius, Laurentius, his map (1522), [552], [588].
Frisland, [137], [145].
Frobisher, his voyages, [640];
portrait, [643];
his map, [644].
Fuca, Da, [653].
Fulgoso, B., Collectanea, [32].
Furlani, Paolo de, [619].
Fuster, Bibl. Valenciana, [27].
[G]
Gali, Francisco, [646].
Gallo, Ant., on Columbus, [30].
Gama, João da, [652].
Gama, Vasco da, portrait, 334; his voyage, [334].
Ganong, W. F., [612].
Garay, 566; his map, [568].
Gastaldi, his map, [616]-[618], [629].
Gelcich, E., on the Historie, [46].
Gemma Frisius, nautical improvements, [603], [648].
Genoa, records, [21];
Columbus's early life in, [75], [77];
citizens of, in Spain, [158];
Columbus's monument, [163];
favored in Columbus's will, [330];
Bank of St. George, [435], [483];
her citizens in Portugal, [86];
on the Atlantic, [128].
Geraldini, Antonio, [158].
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, his voyages, [646];
his map, [647].
Giocondo, [538].
Giovio. See Jovius.
Giustiniani, his Psalter, [30], [83];
his Annals of Genoa, [30].
Glareanus on the ancients' knowledge of America, [606].
Glassberger, Nicholas, [400].
Globus Mundi, [536], [537], [546].
Gold mines, [232];
scant returns, [332].
Gomara, the historian, [39].
Gomera (Canaries), [195].
Gomez, Estevan, on the Atlantic coast, [561], [589], [591];
cartographical results, [591]-[593].
Gonzales, keeper of the Spanish archives, [28].
Goodrich, Aaron, Columbus, [59], [60], [504].
Gorricio, Gaspar, [433], [484];
friend of Columbus, [18];
adviser of Diego Colon, [348].
Gorvalan, [280].
Gosnold on the New England coast, [652]
Granada, siege of, [175].
Grand Turk Island, [216].
Great circle sailing, [341], [649].
Great Khan, letter to, [180].
Greenland, [139], [140];
held to be a part of Europe, [140], [145], [152];
part of Asia, [143];
a link between Europe and Asia, [616];
delineated on maps (Zeni), [634], [643];
(1467), [636];
(1482), [531], [532];
(1508), [532];
(1511), [577];
(1513), [544];
(1527), [600];
(1576), [647];
(1582), [598].
Grenada, [355].
Grimaldi, G. A., [21].
Grijalva, [565];
portrait, [566].
Grönlandia, [145]. See [Greenland].
Grothe, H., Da Vinci, [117].
Grynæus, Simon. Novus Orbis, [607].
Guacanagari, the savage king, [234], [273], [275], [277];
faithful, [309];
maltreated, [316].
Guadaloupe, [268], [323].
Guanahani, seen by Columbus, [211].
Guarionex, [305], [309];
his conspiracy, [362], [364];
embarked for Spain, [440];
lost, [440].
Guelves, Count of, [524], [526].
Guerra, Luis, [375].
Guevara, Fernand de, watched by Roldan, [389].
Gulf Stream, [131], [352], [433].
Gutierrez, Pedro, [208].
[H]
Hadley's quadrant, [648].
Hakluyt, Richard, Principall Navigations, [637];
Western Planting, [647];
his interest in explorations, [650].
Hall, Edw., Chronicle, [14].
Halley, Edmund, his variation charts, [649].
Hammocks,

[219], [222].
Hanno, the Carthaginian, [97].
Harrison's chronometer, [649].
Harrisse, Henry, his works on Columbus, [7], [51], [52];
on the Biblioteca Colombina, [41];
attacks the character of the Historie of 1571, [44];
his Fernando Colon, [45];
Les Colombo, [71];
Bank of St. George, [73].
Hartmann, George, his gores, [621].
Hauslab globes, [547], [548].
Hawkins, John, [632]
Hawkins, Wm., [601].
Hayna mines, [322].
Hayna country, [360].
Hayti. See [Española].
Heimskringla, [140], [147].
Helleland, [145].
Helps, Arthur, on the Spanish Conquest and Columbus, [58].
Henry the Navigator, Prince, death, [82], [100];
his navigators, [88], [97];
his relations to African discovery, [91];
his school, [92];
his portrait, [93];
his character, [97];
his tomb, [101];
his statue, [102].
Henri II., map. See [Desceliers].
Herrera, the historian, [50];
map of Bahamas, [212].
Higuay, [305];
conquered, [474].
Hispaniola. See [Española].
Hoces, F. de, discovers Cape Horn. [576].
Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, [169];
Columbus's purpose to rescue it, [170], [180].
Holywood. John, Sphera Mundi, [93].
Homem's map, [614], [616].
Hondius, [637].
Honduras, early voyages to, [337], [339];
map, [443];
coast explored, [562].
Hood, Dr. Thomas, [650].
Hudson's Bay, [650].
Hudson Bay Company, [658].
Hudson River, [649].
Hudson, Heinrich, his voyages, [649], [650].
Hues, Robert, Tractatus, [191], [201], [301].
Humboldt, Alex. von, Exam. Critique, [51];
on Columbus, [502], [504].
[I]
Ibarra, Bernaldo de, [347].
Iceland, Columbus at, [135];
early map, [136].
India, African route to, [90];
strait to, sought, [535], [555], [567], [569], [587], [591];
discovered at the south, [576].
Indies, name why used, [240].
Irving, W., Columbus, [55], [60];
his historical habit, [233], [234];
on Columbus, [501], [505].
Isabella of Spain, her character, [159], [479];
yields to Columbus's views, [178];
her appearance, [245];
her interest in Columbus's second voyage, [258];
her faith in Columbus shaken, [393], [396], [409];
dies, [479];
her will about the Indians, [482].
Isabella (island), [222].
Isabella (town) founded, [278].
Italy, her relations to American discovery, [33];
her conspicuous mariners, [104], [632];
and the new age, [496];
cartographers of, [601], [628].
[J]
Jack-staff, [261].
Jacquet Island, [111].
Jamaica, possibly Babeque, [230];
called Yamaye, [235];
discovered by Columbus, [291];
again visited, [300];
Columbus at, during his last voyage, [457].
Januarius, Hanibal, [22].
Japan, supposed position, [207]. See [Cipango].
Jayme, [92].
Jesso, [652], [653].
John of Anjou, [82], [84].
Jorrin, J. S., Varios Autografos, [7].
Jovius (Giovio) Paulus, his biography, [32];
his picture of Columbus, [61], [63];
Elogia, [64].
Juana. See [Cuba].
Julius II., Pope, portrait, [517].
[K]
Kettell, Samuel, [10].
Khan, the Great, [90], [224].
King's Garden, [226].
Kolno (Skolno), [138].
Kublai Khan, [90], [224].
[L]
Labrador coast, Normans on, [413];
Portuguese on, [415].
Lachine, [613].
Lafuente y Alcántara, [13].
Lake, Arthur, [184].
Lamartine on Columbus, [75].
La mina (Gold coast), [101].
Laon globe, [123], [190].
Larreategui family, representatives of Columbus, [528].
Las Casas, B., his abridgment of Columbus's journal, [10];
his papers of Columbus, [19], [47];
his Historia, [45], [46];
his career, [47];
his portrait, [48];
his pity for the Indians, [50];
his father goes to the new world, [262];
at Santo Domingo, [429];
appeals for the Indians, [520];
on the respective merits of Columbus and Vespucius, [553].
Latitude, errors in observing, [261].
Latitude and longitude on maps, [601], [602].
Laurentian portolano (1351), [87].
Ledesma, Pedro, [454], [470].
Leibnitz, Codex, [71].
Leigh, Edward, [601].
Lemoyne, G. B., Colombo, [33].
Lenox globe, [571].
Lepe, Diego de, on the South American coast, [377].
Léry, Baron de, [556].
Liria, Duke of, [527].
Lisbon, naval battle near, [103];
Genoese in, [104].
Loadstone, its history. [93]. See [Magnet].
Log, ship's, [95], [96], [631].
Lok, Michael, map (1582), [597], [598], [616], [624], [646].
Long Island Sound, [616].
Longitude, methods of ascertaining, [259];
difficulties in computing, [602], [648], [650]. See [Latitude].
Longrais, Jouon des, Cartier, [612].
Lorgues, Roselly de, on Columbus, [53], [60], [503], [505].
Loyasa, [576].
Luca, the Florentine engineer, [22].
Lucayans, [218], [219], [271];
destroyed, [219], [515].
Lud, Walter, [439].
Lully, Raymond, Arte de Navegar, [93].
Luxan, Juan de, [288].

[M]
Machin, Robert, at Madeira, [87].
McClure, R. L., [660].
Madeira discovered, [86], [88].
Madoc, [138].
Magellan's voyage, [571], [589];
his portrait, [572];
compared with Columbus, [574];
maps of his straits, [575], [576].
Magnet, its history, [93];
use of, [198];
needle, [632];
pole, [203], [630]. See [Needle].
Magnus, Bishop, [139].
Maguana, [305].
Maine, Gulf of, [616], [646].
Maiollo map (1527), [570], [595], [597].
Major, R. H., on Columbus, [58];
on the naming of America, [538].
Malaga, Columbus at the siege of, 165.
Maldonado, Melchior, [277], [653].
Mandeville, Sir John, his travels, [116].
Mangon, [224], [294].
Manhattan, [649].
Manicaotex, [312].
Manilius, [107].
Mappemonde, Portuguese (1490), [152].
Maps, fifteenth century, [128];
projections of, [603]. See [Portolano].
Marchena, Antonio de, [259].
Marchena, Juan Perez de, [155];
portrait, [155];
intercedes for Columbus, [175].
Marchesio, F., [21].
Margarita, [355].
Margarite, Pedro, at St. Thomas, [288];
his career, [307].
Mariéjol, J. H., Peter Martyr, [35].
Marien, [305].
Marigalante, [266].
Mariguana, [216].
Marin, on Venetian commerce, [9].
Marine atlases, [649].
Markham, Clements R., his Hues, [191].
Markland, [145].
Martens, T., printer, [16].
Martines, his map, [616].
Martinez, Fernando, [108].
Martyr, Peter, has letters from Columbus, [19];
account of, [34];
knew Columbus, [35];
his letters, [34];
De Orbe Novo, or Decades, [35];
on Isabella, [160];
on Columbus's discovery, [247];
his map, (1511), [422], [556], [557];
fails to notice the death of Columbus, [491].
Massachusetts Bay, [616].
Mastic, [225].
Matheos, Hernan Perez, [347].
Mayobanex, [364].
Mauro, Fra, his world map, [99], [101], [116].
Medina, Pedro de, Arte de Navegar, [630];
map, [628], [629].
Medina-Celi, Duke of, [173];
entertains Columbus, [169].
Medina-Sidonia, Duke of, [173].
Mela, Pomponius, [107];
his world-map, [584];
Cosmographia, [585].
Mendez, Diego, his exploits, [451], [452], [456], [458];
sails from Jamaica for Española, [461];
arrives, [466];
sends to rescue Columbus, [470];
goes to Spain, [471];
appealed to by Columbus, [479], [487];
denied office by Diego Colon, [516].
Mendoza, Hurtado de, [610], [612].
Mendoza, Pedro Gonzales de, [159], [176].
Mercator, Gerard, pupil of Gemma, [603];
his earliest map, [621]-[623];
his globe of 1541, [554], [621], [625];
his projection, [636];
his map (1569), [638];
portrait, [639].
Mercator, R., his map of the polar regions, [202].
Mermaids, [236].
Meropes, [126].
Mississippi River discovered, [560].
Molineaux, his map, [616], [648].
Moluccas occupied by the Portuguese, [569];
dispute over their longitude, [590];
sold by Spain to Portugal, [591].
Moniz, Felipa, wife of Columbus, [105];
her family, [106].
Monte Peloso, Bishop of, [15].
Moon, eclipse of, [465].
Morton, Thos., New English Canaan, [620].
Mosquito coast, [444].
Moxica, Adrian de, [389].
Moya, Marchioness of, [175], [178].
Müller, Johannes, [94].
Muñoz, J. B., his labors, [27];
his Historia, [27].
Münster, Seb., his maps, [621], [624];
(1532), [535], [537];
(1540), [596], [597];
portrait, [602].
Muratori, his collection, [30].
Murphy, Henry C., [595];
his library, [17].
Muscovy Company, [650].
Myritius, his map, [618].
[N]
Nancy globe, [606], [607].
Napier, logarithms, [651].
Nautical almanac, [649].
Navasa, island, [465].
Navarrete, M. F. de, his Coleccion, [27];
the French edition, [28];
criticised by Caleb Cushing, [28].
Navidad, La, destroyed, [273].
Navigation, art of, [131];
Columbus's method, [237], [260].
Needle, no variation of the, [198], [254];
its change of position, [199], [206], [254]. See [Magnet].
Negroes, first seen as slaves in Europe, [98];
early introduced in Española, [429], [488].
New Albion, [645].
New England, named, [649].
Newfoundland banks, early visits, [129], [340].
Newfoundland, visited by Gilbert, [646].
New France, [633].
Nicaragua, map of, [443].
Nicuessa, Diego de, in Castilla del Oro, [517], [562].
Niño, Pedro Alonso, [325];
on the pearl coast, [375].
Nombre de Dios, Cape, [448].
Nordenskiöld on Columbus's discovery, [248];
his Facsimile Atlas, [531], [532], [546], [548], [573], [577], [578] [581], [582], [588], [589], [635], [636], [638];
map gores discovered by him, [549].
Norman
seamanship, [94]; explorations, [555], [556].
Norman, Robt., [632].
North America held to be continuous with Asia, [576], [584]. See [America].
Northwest passage, the search for, [529], [640], [648], [650]-[652], [658];
mapped, [659].
Norumbega, [599], [616], [633].
Notarial records in Italy, [20];
in Spain, [25];
in Portugal, [26].
Nuremberg, Behaim's globe at, [191].
[O]
Ocampo, [565].
Oceanic currents, [130], [603].
Odericus Vitalis, [147].
Oderigo, Nicolo, [483].
Ojeda, Alonso de, in Columbus's second expedition, [262]2, [270];
at St. Thomas, [389];
attacked by Caonabo, [308];
captures Caonabo, [313];
fired by Columbus's experiences in Paria, [372];
is permitted by Fonseca to sail thither, [372];
reaches Venezuela, [373];
at Española, [373];
returns to Spain, [375];
voyage (1499), [514];
his (1502) voyage, [427];
in New Andalusia, [517], [562].
Oliva, Perez de, on Columbus, [43], [45].
Ophir of Solomon, [322].
Orient, European notions of, [90], [109].
Ortegon, Diego, [528].
Ortelius, his Theatrum, [627], [638]; portrait, [640];
his map of America, [641].
Ortis, Alonso, Los Tratados, [248].
Ovando, Nicholas de, sent to Santo Domingo, [429];
receives Mendez, [466];

his rule in Española, [466], [471];
sends a caraval to Jamaica to observe Columbus, [467];
sends to rescue him, [471];
receives him at Santo Domingo, [475];
recalled from Española, [515].
Oviedo, on the first voyage, [17];
as a writer, [38];
his career, [38];
Historia, [39];
on Isabella, [160];
on the arms of Columbus, [251];
on his motto, [251].
Oysters, [354].
[P]
Pacheco, his Coleccion, [29].
Pacheco, Carlos, [527].
Pacific Ocean named, [576];
explorations, [618];
Drake in the, [644];
sees Cape Horn, [644];
Gali's explorations, [646];
discoveries, [652];
wild theories about its coast, [652], [656], [658].
Paesi novamente retrovati, [417].
Palos, [182].
Panama founded, [565].
Papal authority to discover new lands, [252].
Paria, Gulf of, map, [353];
land of, [354].
Parmentier, Jean, [556].
Passamonte, Miguel, [518].
Pavia, university at, [80].
Pearls, [354].
Pedrarias, [564].
Peragallo, Prospero, Historie di F. Colombo, [46].
Perestrello, Bart., [88].
Perestrello family, [105].
Peringskiöld, [147].
Peru discovered, [564], [565].
Pesaro, F., [9].
Peschel, Oscar, on the Historie, [46].
Peter the Great, [653].
Pezagno, the Genoese, [86].
Phœnicians as explorers, [127].
Philip II., of Spain, [523].
Philip the Handsome, [513].
Pineda, [560].
Pinelo, Francisco, [257].
Pinilla, T. R., Colon en España, [51].
Pinzon, Martin Alonso, at Rabida, [174];
engages with Columbus, [183];
deserts Columbus, [226];
returns, [235];
reaches Palos and dies, [242].
Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, with Columbus, [183];
his voyage (1494) across the equator, [376];
sees Cape St. Augustine, [376];
at Española, [377].
Pinzon and Solis's expedition, [570].
Piracy, [81].
Pirckheimer, [636].
Pizarro, [562], [564].
Plaanck, the printer, [15].
Plato and Atlantis, [126].
Plutarch's Saturnian Continent, [126].
Polar regions, map of, [202].
Polo, Marco, [90], [498];
annotations of Columbus in, [7];
in Cathay, [114];
his narrative Milione, [114];
his portrait, [115];
known to Columbus, [115].
Pompey stone, [560].
Ponce de Leon, Juan, [179], [556];
goes to the New World, [262];
portrait, [558];
his track, [559].
Porcacchi, his map, [620].
Porras, François de, [437];
his revolt, [462];
ended, [470];
at court, [478].
Porto Bello, [448].
Porto Rico, [236], [272], [517].
Porto Santo discovered, [88], [105], [106].
Portolanos, 530. See [Maps].
Potatoes, [225].
Portogallo, Alonso de, Count of Guelves, [526].
Portogallo, Nuño de, becomes Duke of Veragua, [524], [526].
attractions for Columbus, [85];
spirit of exploration in, [86];
her expert seamen, [86], [92];
Genoese in her service, [86];
discovers Madeira, [86];
and the Azores, [86];
Columbus in, [103], [149];
the King sends an expedition to anticipate Columbus's discovery, [153];
Columbus's second visit, [168];
the bull of demarcation, [254];
negotiations with Spain, [255];
her pursuit of African discovery, [334];
establishes claims in South America, through the voyage of Cabral, [377];
sends out Coelho (1501), [410];
settlements on the Labrador coast, [415];
maps in, falsified, [417];
the spread of cartographical ideas, [423];
earliest maps, [533], [534];
denies them to other nations, [534];
her seamen on the Newfoundland coast, [555], [556];
push the African route to the Moluccas, [569];
on the coast of Brazil, [570];
on the Pacific coast, [592];
cartographical progress in, [602].
Prado, prior of, [508].
Prescott's, W. H., Ferdinand and Isabella, [57];
on Columbus, [501], [503].
Ptolemy, influence of, [91], [529], [638];
portrait, [530];
maps in, [530], [531], [627];
editions, [108];
(1511), [577];
(1513), [544], [545], [546], [582], [584];
(Stobnicza), [578];
(1522), [588];
(1525), [588];
(1535), [555], [588];
(1541), [588].
[Q]
Queen's Gardens, [293], [299].
Quibian, [450];
his attacks, [451];
captured, [451];
escapes, [451].
Quinsay, [121], [124], [566], [607].
Quintanilla, Alonzo de, [158], [165], [176], [178].
[R]
Rabida, Convent of, [154];
at what date was Columbus there? [155], [173].
Rae, J. E. S., [12].
Ralegh, Sir Walter, his American projects, [647].
Ramusio on Columbus, [37].
Regiomontanus, [94], [301];
his astrolabe, [95], [96];
Ephemerides, [131].
Reinel, Pedro, his map, [534].
Reisch, Margarita Phil., [582], [587], [601];
map, [583], [587].
Remesal's Chyapa, [161].
Rene, Duke of Provence, [82], [538], [543].
Repartimientos, [314], [506], [507], [518].
Resende, Garcia de, Choronica, [33].
Ribero, map of the Antilles, [383];
map (1529), [562], [605];
invents a ship's pump, [603];
invents a ship's pump, [603]3;
at the Seville conference, [604].
Ringmann, M., [538].
Rink, Henrik, [146].
Riquelme, Pedro, [389], [390].
Robertson, Wm., America, [55].
Robertus Monarchus, Bellum Christianorum Principum, [17].
Roberval, [614].
Rodriguez, Sebastian, [175].
Roldan revolts, [362], [366];
reinstated, [370];
sent to confront Ojeda, [374];
watched by Moxica, [389];
sails for Spain, [440];
lost, [440].
Romans on the Atlantic, [127].
Roselly de Lorgues, his efforts to effect canonization of Columbus, [53], [60], [503], [505].
Ross, Sir John, [651].
Rotz, map, [612];
Boke of Idiography, [613].
Roxo, Cape, passed, [99].
Rubruquis, [90], [121].
Ruscelli, his map, [616], [617].
Rut, John, [601].
Ruy de Pina, archivist of Portugal, [33], [149].
Ruysch, map, [143], [532];
Ptolemy, [341].
[S]
Sabellicus, [103].
Sacrobosco. See [Holywood].
Sagas, [146].
Saguenay River, [616].
St. Brandan's Island, [112].
St. Dié, college at, [538].
St. Jerome, monks of, [508].
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, [612].
St. Thomas (fort), [287].
St. Thomas (island), [231].
Saints' days, suggest geographical names, [229].
Salamanca, council of, 161, [164];
University, [162].
Salcedo, Diego de, goes to Jamaica, [471].
Samaot, [221].
San Jorge da Mina, [134].
San Salvador, [211], [215].
Sanarega, Bart., [21], [30].
Sanchez, Gabriel, letter to, [11].
Sanchez, Juan, 451; killed, 470.
Sanchez, Rodrigo, [209].
Sandacourt, J. B. de, [540].
Santa Cruz, Alonso de, [203].
Santa Cruz (island), [271].
Santa Maria de la Concepcion, [220].
Santa Maria de las Cuevas, [25].
Santangel, Luis de, [11], [175], [178].
Santo Domingo, archives, [26];
founded, [360];
cathedral at, [492], [493].
Sanuto, Livio, Geographia, [201].
Sanuto, Marino, his diary, [421];
cartographer, [86].
Sargasso Sea, [204].
Savona, records of, [20];
the Colombos of, [74].
Saxo Grammaticus, [147].
Schöner, Johann, his globe, [551], [572];
his charges against Vespucius, [554];
Opusculum geographicum, [555], [567], [607];
Luculentissima descriptio, [587];
portrait, [588];
De insulis, [589];
his alleged globe, [589], [590];
his variable beliefs, [607].
Schouten defines Tierra del Fuego, [577].
Sea-atlases, [603].
Sea of Darkness, [86], [243];
fantastic islands of, [111].
Sea-manuals, [630].
Seamanship, early, [92].
Seneca, his Medea, [118].
Servetus, his Ptolemy, [555].
Seven Cities, Island of. See [Antillia].
Sevilla d'Oro, [471].
Seville, archives at, [23];
cathedral of, [171];
cartographical conference at, [603].
Shea, J. G., on the Historie, [46];
on the canonization of Columbus, [54];
onColumbus, [504].
Ships (fifteenth century), [82];
speed of, [94];
of Columbus's time, [192], [193].
Sierra Leone discovered, [101].
Silber, Franck, the printer, [15].
Simancas, archives, [22], [23];
view of the building, [24].
Skralingeland, [145].
Slavery, efforts of Columbus to place the Indians in, [220], [230], [281], [282], [311], [314], [318], [327], [331], [360], [367], [371], [394], [402], [403], [429], [437], [472], [482], [505], [506];
after Columbus's time, [518], [520].
Smith, Captain John, his explorations, [649].
Smith, Sir Thomas, [630].
Solinus, [107].
Soria, Juan de, [257].
Sousa, A. C. de, Hist. Geneal., [27].
South America, earliest picture of the natives, [336];
earliest seen, [352];
its coast nomenclature, [412];
supposed southern cape, [573]. See [America].
Southern cross first seen, [99], [376].
Spain, archives of, [22];
publication of, [28], [29];
Cartas de Indias, [29];
Columbus in, [1549];
the Genoese in, [157];
map of (1482), [165];
powerful grandees, [172];
the bull of demarcation, [254];
suspicious of Portugal, [254];
council for the Indies, [257];
plans expedition to the north, [413];
her authority in the Indies, [481];
the Crown's suit with Diego Colon, [514], [553];
King Ferdinand dies, [520];
Charles V., [523];
Philip II., [523];
her secretiveness about maps, [534], [554], [560], [627], [639];
earliest accounts of America, [587];
her seamen in the St. Lawrence region, [555];
on the Atlantic coast, [560];
council of the Indies instituted, [591];
failure to publish map in, [602];
Casa de la Contratacion, [603];
her sea-manuals, [630].
Spotorno, Father, Codice diplom. Colom. Americano, [4];
La Tavola di Bronzo, [5].
Square Gulf, [613].
Staglieno, the Genoese antiquary, [21], [75].
Stamler, Johannis, [543].
Stephanius, Sigurd, his map, [144], [145].
Stevens, Henry, [533];
on the Historie, [45];
on La Cosa's map, [385];
his Schöner, [424].
Stevens, edition of Herrera, [55].
Stimmer, Tobias, [64].
Stobnicza's introduction to Ptolemy, [578];
his map, [580], [581], [585].
Stockfish, [128], [340].
Strabo, [107].
Straits of Hercules, voyages beyond, [81].
Strong, Richard, [646].
Sumner, George, [246].
Sylvanus, his edition of Ptolemy first gave maps of the Cortereal discoveries, [419];
edits Ptolemy, [577];
his map, [579].
Sylvius, Æneas, Historia, [7].
[T]
Talavera, Fernando de, [156], [508];
and Columbus's projects, [161], [176].
Teneriffe, [195].
Terra Verde, [416], [420].
Thevet, André, his stories, [633].
Thorne, Robt., map (1527), [600]-[602].
Thyle, [135].
Ticknor, George, [10].
Tobacco, [225].
Tobago, [355].
Tordesillas, treaty of, [310].
Torre do Tombo, archives, [25].
Torres, Antonio de, returns to Spain in command of fleet, [282], [317].
Tortuga, [228], [229].
Toscanelli, Paolo, [499];
his letters, [7], [107]-[109];
his map, [49], [109], [110], [191]v;
dies, [117].
Triana, Rodrigo de, [211].
Trinidad, [350].
Tristan, Diego, his fate, [452], [453].

Tritemius, Epistolarum libri, [412].
Trivigiano, A., translates Peter Martyr, [35];
Libretto, [36];
his letters, [420].
Tross gores, [577].
[U]
Ulloa, Francisco de, [610].
Ullua, Alfonso de, [44].
Ulpius globe, [597].
Usselinx, W., [20], [649].

[V]
Vadianus, portrait, [585].
Vallejo, Alonso de, [347].
Valsequa's map, [88].
Vancouver, [658].
Variation. See [Needle].
Varnhagen on the first letter of Columbus, [14];
and the early cartography, [382], [386].
Vasconcellos, [149].
Vatican archives, [22];
maps, [633].
Vaulx, [616].
Velasco, Pedro de, [156].
Vega Real, [286];
its natives, [288].
Venegas, California, [658].
Venezuela, named by Ojeda, [373].
Venice, cartographers of, [629].
Veradus, [17].
Veragua, map, [446];
characteristics of its coast, [447];
its abortive settlement, [456];
Duke of, title given to Columbus's grandson, [523].
Verde, Simone, [283], [347].
Verde, Cape, reached, [98].
Verrazano on the Atlantic coast, [592], [593];
map, [594];
his voyage disputed, [595];
his so-called sea, [596], [646];
discoveries, [633].
Verzellino, G. V., his memoirs, [21].
Vespucius, Americus, and the naming of America, [30];
engaged in fitting out the second expedition of Columbus, [258];
supposed voyage (1497), [336];
controversy over, [338];
his character as a writer, [359];
his first voyage, [373];
in Coelho's fleet, [410];
his Mundus Novus, [410], [411], [542];
relations to the early cartography, [412];
his name bestowed on the New World, [36], [412], [538]-[555];
personal relations with Columbus, [484];
his narrative, [485];
writes an account of his voyage, [538];
portrait, [539];
his narrative published, [540];
his discoveries compared with those of Columbus, [542], [543];
miscalled Albericus, [543];
suspects gravitation, [543];
not called in the Columbus lawsuit, [553];
charged with being privy to the naming of America, [553], [554];
pilot major, [553];
dies, [553]3;
his map, [553];
his fame in England, [554].
Vienna, geographers at, [585].
Villalobos, [612].
Vinci, Leonardo da, his map, [581], [582].
Vinland, [144], [146].
Virginia, named, [648];
map, [654], [655].
Viscaino, Sebastian, [652].
Vopel, Gaspar, his globe, [607].
Volterra, Maffei de, [32].
Vries, De, [652].
[W]
Wagenaer, Lucas, his Spieghel, [603].
Waldseemüller, his career, [540];
Cosmographiæ Introductio, [540];
its title, [541];
edits Ptolemy, [546], [582];
his map, [412].
Walker, John, [646].
Warsaw codex (Ptolemy), map, [635]-[637].
Watling's Island, [216].
Watt, Joachim. See [Vadianus].
Waymouth, George, [650].
West India Company, [649].
White, John, his map, [597], [599].
Winsor, Justin, America, [59].
Wright, Edw., improves Mercator's projection, [637].
Wytfliet, his maps, [630] [631].
[X]
Xaragua, [305];
made subject, [361], [473].
Ximenes in power, [520].
[Y]
Yucatan, [629];
discovered, [565], [567].
[Z]
Zarco, [87].
Zeni, the, [138], [634];
their map, [634], [635];
their influence, [642].
Ziegler, Schondia and its map, [615], [617].
Zoana mela, [582], [583].
Zorzi or Montalboddo, Paesi novamente retrovati, [36].
Zuñiga, Diego Ortiz de, on Seville, [169].