[27]. See the U. S. Monthly Summary, February, 1904, pp. 3006 and 3013.
[28]. At present, Chinese merchants in Korea compete with the Japanese only at the ports on the western coast, principally in the import trade of silk. The number of the Chinese residents in Korea is one tenth that of the Japanese, or about 4000.
[29]. The Kokumin, January 30, 1904.
[30]. Based on the figures in the British Diplomatic and Consular Report: Trade of Corea for the Year 1903, pp. 11–13.
[31]. Of the 1430 vessels, aggregating 1,104,000 tons, entered at and cleared from Niu-chwang in 1902, the Japanese had 710 vessels and 491,000 tons, the British, 374 vessels and 350,000 tons, the Germans, 88 vessels and 73,000 tons, and so forth.—The Kokumin, April 29, 1904, from the Tai Shin-Kan Bōyeki Chōsa Hōkoku (report on the trade with China and Korea), compiled by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Tokio, 1904. The Russians could show only 3 vessels and 1,223 tons, which was below their record for 1901 and less than one half of the average of the five years 1886, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1901.—The British Diplomatic and Consular Reports, Annual Series, No. 2999 (on Niu-chwang), p. 9.
[32]. Ibid., p. 8.
[33]. The direct import trade of any trading nation at Niu-chwang does not represent the actual amount of the articles imported from the country of that nation, for most of the foreign goods come to Niu-chwang through some other distributing centres in China, such as Hong-kong or Shanghai. The Japanese goods, however, are nearly all carried by Japanese vessels. On the contrary, the American imports, besides jeans, drills, sheetings, kerosenes, and flour, are not specified in the customs returns of Niu-chwang, and consequently their nominal figures are insignificant (7396 l. in 1901 and 4089 l. in 1902), while Hong-kong, through which most of the American goods are imported into Niu-chwang, showed, in 1902, 385,302 l., or 55 per cent. of the entire direct trade. On the other hand, the estimate made by the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, showing 18,000,000 haikwan taels for the real import of American goods into Niu-chwang, seems to be pretty liberal. See British D. and C. Reports, annual series, No. 2999, p. 8, and the U. S. Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance, January, 1904, p. 2328.
[34]. See the Tsūshō Isan for January 22, 1903, pp. 10–11.
[35]. See the Tōyō Keizai Shimpō (“Oriental Economist”), No. 165 (July 15, 1900), and No. 244 (September 25, 1902).
[36]. The Kokumin, November 26, 1903.