5. Rests, like notes, are best made with a heavy pen stroke or by using a piece of chalk on its side. (See note under [Sec. 1].) The double-whole rest, whole rest, and half rest occupy the third space unless for the sake of clearness in writing two parts on the same staff they are written higher or lower. The rests of smaller denomination may be placed at any point on the staff, the hooks being always placed on the spaces. The hook of the eighth rest is usually placed on the third space. Rests are sometimes dotted, but are never tied.
6. The G clef should be begun at the second line rather than below the staff. Experiments have shown clearly that beginners learn to make it most easily in this way, and the process may be further simplified by dividing it into two parts, thus,
. The descending stroke crosses the ascending curve at or near the fourth line. The circular part of the curve occupies approximately the first and second spaces.
7. The F clef is made either thus,
, or thus,
the dots being placed one on either side of the fourth line of the staff, which is the particular point that the clef marks. The C clef has also two forms,
