References: N. S. Shaler, First Book in Geology, pp. 1-4; Frye, Brooks and Brook Basins. Aspects of the Earth, chapter on “River Valleys.”

Winchell, Walks and Talks in a Geological Field.

Rollin D. Salisbury and Wallace W. Atwood, The Geography of the Devil’s Lake Region, Wisconsin, pp. 36-58.*

Note. This pamphlet may be obtained by writing to Professor E. A. Birge, State University, Madison, Wis., and enclosing thirty cents. It is Bulletin No. 5, Educational Series No. 1.

R. S. Tarr, Elementary Physical Geography, pp. 262-82.

Lesson IV. This lesson serves merely to bring out the striking contrasts that the geographical features mentioned in the last lesson present. The child can readily see why it was necessary for Sharptooth to swing from branch to branch instead of walking on the ground.

Lesson V. Although the father was always more or less attached to the primitive group, it was the mother and child that constituted the original family. Not until the development of the patriarchal system in the pastoral stage of culture was the relation of the father recognized as of as great importance as that of the mother.

The data from which the part of the story that deals with the way in which Sharptooth carried her baby was constructed was derived from the practices of contemporary tribes in the lowest stages of culture. It is a well-known fact that all young infants during the first few hours after birth possess the power to grasp and to hang suspended by the hands for several minutes.

References: Loria, Economic Foundations of Society, p. 87.

Thwing, The Primitive Family.