The mystery of Easter island: the story of an expedition

by Katherine Routledge

ITINERARY OF THE EXPEDITION

OUTWARD VOYAGE
Left Southampton	Feb. 28	1913
Dartmouth	March 1–5	„
Falmouth	March 6–25	„
Madeira	April 13–16	„
Grand Canary	April 18—May 10	„
Cape Verde Islands	May 17–29	„
Pernambuco	June 15–21	„
Bahia de Todos os Santos	June 25–26	„
Cabral Bay	July 2–4	„
Cape Frio	July 10–12	„
Rio de Janeiro	July 14–23	„
Porto Bello Bay	July 27—Aug. 2	„
Buenos Aires	Aug. 17—Sept. 19	„
Port Desire	Oct. 3–6	„
Entered Magellan Straits	Oct. 16	„
Punta Arenas	Oct. 20—Nov. 29	„
Entered Patagonian Channels	Dec. 11	„
Left Patagonian Channels	Jan. 6	1914
Talcahuano	Jan. 14—Feb. 13	„
Juan Fernandez	Feb. 16—Feb. 19	„
Valparaiso	Feb. 22—Feb. 28	„
Juan Fernandez	March 4—March 9	„
EASTER ISLAND
Arrival at the Island	March 29	1914
Mana leaves	May 23	„
Native rising begins	July 1	„
Arrival of Chilean warship	Aug. 4	„
Mana returns	Aug. 23	„
Mana leaves (second time)	Sept. 4	„
Visit from Von Spee’s squadron	Oct. 12–18	„
S. R. goes to Chile	Dec. 5	„
Visit of Prinz Eitel Friedrich	Dec. 23–31	„
Return of Mana with S. R.	March 15	1915
Mana leaves (third time)	March 17	„
Mana returns	May 28	„
Expedition leaves the Island	Aug. 18	„
HOMEWARD VOYAGE
Pitcairn Island	Aug. 27—Sept. 1	1915
Tahiti	Sept. 16—Oct 8	„
Honolulu	Nov. 11—Dec. 1	„
Mana leaves Honolulu Nov. 28, arr. San Francisco Dec. 25		„
Hawaii	Dec. 2–6	„
San Francisco	arr. Dec. 14, 1915—Jan. 20, 1916
[K.R. leaves Jan. 16—reaches England Feb. 6, 1916]
San Francisco	left Jan. 20	„
Socorro	Feb. 5–6	„
Quibo	March 7–9	„
Panama	March 13–16	„
Through the Canal	March 17–18	„
Cristobal	March 18–26	„
Jamaica	April 7–9	„
Bermuda	May 2–12	„
Azores	May 31—June 1	„
Southampton	June 25	„

INDEX

Note.—Entries other than proper names refer to Easter Island, unless otherwise stated. References to illustrations are given in text.

• Acklin Island, Bahamas, [376]–7
• Aconcagua Mount, [105]
• Ahu:
  • — for bird-men, [191], [264]
  • — canoe-shaped, [230]–1
  • — definition, [166]
  • — destruction, [172]–3, [299]–300
  • — exposure and interment of dead, [170]–1, [229] and note (fig.)
  • — forms, different, list of, [231] note
  • — image ahu, description, [167]–71
    • — converted to semi-pyramid type, [172], [229]
    • see also Statues
  • — number, [166]–8, [231] note
  • — pavement ahu, [231]
  • — poe-poe: see canoe-shaped and wedge-shaped.
  • — position, [166]
  • — semi-pyramid type, [172]
  • — unclassified, [231] footnote
  • — for warriors (Mata-toa), [231]
  • — wedge-shaped, [231]
  • — for individual ahu see placenames.
• Akahanga, [194]
• Akikuyu, [166], [201], footnote, [327], [376]
• Aku-aku: see Religion—supernatural beings
• Ana: see Cave
• Anakena, Easter Island:
  • — bird-man, resort of, from western clans, [263]
  • — in legend, [278]–81, [284], [295]
  • — Ngaara headquarters of, [241]–2
  • — statue at, [187]–8, [269]–75
  • — tablets inspected at, [245]–6
• Angata, native prophetess:
  • — dreams, [142]–3
  • — funeral of, [149], [275]
  • — visit to, [144]–5
• Angosto Harbour, Magellan Straits, [80]
• Annie Larsen, ship, [348]–9
• Anson:
  • — at Juan Fernandez, [111]
  • — at St. Catharina Island, [49]
  • — wreck of the Wager, [97]
• Ao, clans celebrating bird rites: see under Bird Cult
• Ao, dancing-padde, [259], [261], [268]
• Apépé, ahu, [257] footnote
• Ara Mahiva (road), [198]
• Araucanians, resistance to Spaniards, [99]
• Argentina:
  • — British, commercial and legal status, [63]–4
  • — history, [52]
  • — inhabitants, [59]
  • — social conditions, [61]–3
  • — women, [61]–2
• Arii Taimai: see Pomare family
• Ariki, chiefs, [241]–3, [298]: see also Ngaara and Kaimokoi
• Astronomy, study of, [235]
• Atalaya, Grand Canary, [23]
• Atua: see Religion—supernatural beings
• Azores, [383]–4
• Bahia, [38]–9
• Bailey, cook on Mana, [75], [155], [321]
• Balboa, Panama, [361]–2
• Balfour, H., [296]
• Banks, Sir Joseph, account of marae, [320]
• Baquedano, ship: see Jeneral Baquedano
• Bartram, fisherman of Bermuda, [381]
• Beards of statues, [269], [275]
• Beechey, of H.M.S. Blossom, account of Easter Island, [204]–5, [210], [220]
• Benson, Captain, of El Dorado, boat voyage, [127]
• Berkeley, San Francisco: see California University
• Bermuda, history and description, [378]–83
• Bird cult:
  • — Ao clans celebrating bird rites, [258]–60, [264]–6
  • — bird designs, [259], [269]
  • — bird, sacred (manu-tara):
    • — arrival of, [261]–2
    • — nestlings (Piu), [264]–5
    • — species, Easter and Solomon Islands, [296]
  • — bird-men (tangata-manu):
    • — carvings of, [262]–3
    • — possession of sacred egg, [260]–2, [263]–4
    • — taboo, period of, [263]–4
  • — dates connected with, [265]
  • — decadence of, [265]–6
  • — deities connected with, [260]
  • — egg, sacred, search and disposal, [258], [261]–4
  • — hopu, [260]–2, [264]–6
  • — initiation of children (manumo-te-poki), [267]–9, [291]
  • — in Solomon Islands, [296]–8
• “Biscuit-Tin,” [30]
• Bishop Museum: see Honolulu
• Bornier, Captain Dutrou:
  • — exploitation of Easter Island, [124], [207]–8
  • — murder, [125]–6, [208]
• Bounty, ship, mutiny, [305]
• Brander, firm of, [208], [209], [216]
• Brazil:
  • — history and descriptions, [34]–49
  • — name explained, [40]
• British Museum:
  • — letter re Easter Is., [204] footnote
  • — statue, larger: see Orongo statue
    • — smaller, [197], [208]
• — wooden carvings at, [268]
• British Museum of Natural History, gift to, [381]
• Buenos Aires:
  • — description, [58]
  • — docks, [53]–4
  • — an estancia, [55]–6
  • — meat trade, [56]–8
  • — prices, rents, and wages, [60]
• Burial: see Dead, disposal of
• Burial-places: see Ahu, Caves, etc.
• Cabral, discovery of Brazil, [34], [40]
• Cabral Bay, [40]–1
• Cairns:
  • — legends re, [232], [278]
  • — memorial, [232]
• Caldero: see Atalaya
• California:
  • — history and descriptions, [328]–32
  • — university, [330]
• Calvo, Señor, [61]
• Canary Isles: see Grand Canary
• Cannibalism, [173], [225]–6, [259], [280], [283], [285]
• Canoes, [278], [283], [296]
• Canoe-shaped ahu: see under Ahu
• Cape Verde Islands, history and descriptions, [27]–31
• Caribbean sea, [368]
• Caroline Islands, [302]
• Carvings:
  • — in stone: on Motu Nui, [261], [275]
    • at Orongo, [262]–3
    • see Statues, design on, and carvings incised on
    • in wood:
      • — human figures, [268]–70
      • — objects, [268]
      • see also under Ao; Lizards, wooden; Rei-miro
• Caves:
  • — Ana Havea, [215], [285]
  • — Ana Kai-Tangata, [259]
  • — Ana Te Ava-nui, [284]–7
  • — as burial-places, [225]–6, [231]–2, [274]–5
  • — as dwellings, [215], [272]–3
  • — geological formation, [272]
  • — as hiding-places, [272], [281]
  • — inaccessible, [273]
  • — as store houses, [247], [273]
• Challenger, ship:
  • — at Hale Cove, [96]
  • — at Port Churruca, [84] footnote
• Charrua Bay, Patagonia, [86]–7
• Chatham Islands, [296], [302]
• Chicken-houses, [218]
• Chickens: see Fowls
• Chile:
  • — British in, [102]
  • — finance, [102]
  • — fruit, [104]
  • — history and descriptions, [99]–107
  • — Trans-Andine Railway: see that title
• Christmas:
  • — 1913, in Patagonian Channels, [94]
  • — 1914, Prinz Eitel Friedrich at Easter Island, [157]–8
  • — 1915, at San Francisco, [330]
• Clans:
  • — bird cult celebration, [258]
  • — leadership, [224]
  • — names and localities, [221]–3
  • — wars between, [223]–4, [282]–9
    • see under respective names
• Cockburn Channel, Patagonia, [78]
• Cochrane, Admiral, [99]
• Coiba Island: see Quibo Island
• Colon, Panama: see Cristobal-Colon
• Columbus, at Porto Santo, [16]
• Connor Cove, Patagonia, [92]–3
• Cook, Captain:
  • — early account of Easter Island, [202]–4
  • — at Hawaiian Island, [322]
  • — at Tahiti, [316], [320], [326]
• Cook’s Bay:
  • — arrival of Expedition in, [124]
  • — Germans at, [152], [156]–9
  • — H.M.S. Topaze at, [257]
• Cornhill Magazine, reference to expedition, [152]
• Cristobal-Colon, Panama, [364]–7
• Crooked Island, Bahamas, [376]
• Crowns:
  • — of bird-men, [263]
  • — of natives, [218]
  • — of Paina, [233]
  • — of statues, [166], [197], [199], [218], [301]
• Cruising Club Cove, Socorro Island, [343]
  • see also Royal Cruising Club
• Cuatro Puertas, Montana de las, see Telde
• Davis Island or David’s Island, S. Pacific, [200]
• Dead, disposal of:
  • — on ahu (exposure and interment), [170]–1, [229]–30
  • — articles placed with, [170], [264], [275]–6
  • — burials in caves, [225]–6, [231]–2
    • — in crevasses, [231]
    • — recent, near statues, [190]–1
  • — funerals, popularity of, [228]–9
• Desolation Island, Patagonia, [82]–4
• Devil-fish, [352]–3
• Doldrums, [322]
• Drake, Sir Francis:
  • — exploration of coast of Patagonia, [65]
  • — at St. Julian, [68]
  • — vessels of, compared with Mana, [18] footnote
• Dresden, German cruiser:
  • — at Easter Island, [152]
  • — destruction at Juan Fernandez, [113], [163]
  • — in Magellan Straits, [78]
• Dress, ancient, [218]–9
  • — modern, [151]
• Early voyagers: see History and Religion
• Ears:
  • — distention of:
    • — Akikuyu custom of, [166], [201]
    • — on Easter Island:
      • — early accounts, [201]–2, [204]
      • — practice abandoned, [220]–1, [300]
      • — recent examples, [220], [227]
    • — Melanesians’ custom of, [296]
  • — Long-eared and Short-eared peoples, legend and theories re, [280]–2, [294], [300] footnote
  • — of stone statues, [166]
  • — of wooden statues, [269], [271]
• Earthquakes, [103], [173]
• Easter Island:
  • — caves: see under that head
  • — Chilean annexation, [209]
  • — climate, [136]–7
  • — description, general, [131]–3
  • — food supplies:
    • — in early times, [216]–8
    • — modern, [138]
  • — geology, [131]–3, [210], [272]
  • — history, [124], [200]–9
  • — insect life, [137]
  • — names of, [209]–10
  • — navigation difficulties, [128]–9
  • — water-supply, [132], [137]–8, [174]
• Easter Islanders:
  • — origin
    • — legendary: see under Legends
    • — scientific study of, [295]–8
  • — colour of skin, [221]–35
  • — conversion to Christianity, [206]
  • — description by early voyagers, [200], [205]
  • —dishonesty, [141], [201], [203], [261]
  • — dress: see under that head
  • — epidemics:
    • — dysentery, [155], [160]
    • — phthisis, [206]
    • — smallpox, [205]–6
  • — language: see under that head
  • — mode of life:
    • — ancient, [215]–20
    • — modern, [140]
  • — numbers, [125], [203], [215]
  • — old people, [211]
    • see also Jotefa, Kapiera, Kilimuti, Porotu, Tomenika, Te Haha, Viriamo
  • — Peru, carried off to, [205]
  • — rising amongst, [142]–9
  • — women, [139], [227]–8
• Edmunds, Mr., Manager at Easter Island, [125]
  • — experience re caves, [274]
  • — house: see under Mataveri
  • — in native rising, [141], [143]–4, [147]
  • — stories of Easter Island, [125]–8
• El Dorado, wreck, [126]–7
• Elephantiasis at Quibo Island, [354]–5, [356]
• English Narrows, Patagonia, [92]
• Equator, crossing, [33], [120]
• Eruption of volcano at sea, [370]–1
• Eyraud, Eugène, missionary to Easter Island, [206]
• “Fish-men” (Tangata-ika):
  • — rites for, [229]
  • — tablets for, [229], [248]
  • — term applied, [285], [287]
• Forster, botanist with Cook’s expedition, [202]
• Fowls, supply in early times, [201]–3
  • — supposed powers of Miru in connection with, [240]–2
• “Freeman,” steward on Mana, [66], [67], [73]
• Fremantle, Admiral the Hon. Sir Edmund, [156]
• Frio, Cape, Brazil, [41]–3
• Froward Reach, Magellan Strait, [79]
• Funchal, Madeira, [18]
• Functions, native, [233]–5
• Gambier Islands, S. Pacific, Easter Island peopled from, [292]–4
• Germans:
  • — Coronel, Battle of, [155]
  • — at Easter Island:
  • — — Prinz Eitel Friedrich, [156]–9
  • — — Von Spee’s squadron, [151]–4
  • — at Juan Fernandez, [113], [163]
  • — in Patagonian waterways, [78]
  • — at Tahiti, [319]
• Gillam, H. J., Sailing-master on Mana, [9], [128], [335], [389], [390]
• Gonzalez, early account of Easter Island, [202]–4
  • — takes possession for King of Spain, [202], [237], [286]
• Grand Canary, history and descriptions, [19]–27
• Grogan, Sir Edward and Lady, [104]
• Guadia, Señor, [356]–8
• Guanches, natives of Canary Islands, history, [19]
• Gwaruti-mata-keva, legend of, [224]
• Haddon, Dr. A. C., F.R.S., [290]
• Hale Cove, Patagonia, [92]–5
• Hamea (Clan), [223], [227], [284]
• Hamilton, Bermuda, [382]
• Hanga Maihiko, ahu, [229]
• Hanga Paukura, ahu, [196], [301]
• Hanga Piko, [159], [224]
• Hanga Roa, Easter Island, [124]–5, [208]
  • — in legend, [270], [284]–5
• Harding, Colonel, acting chief of Panama Canal, [361]
• Haré-a-té-atua: see Religion—ceremonies
• Hats: see Crowns
• Haumoana, [221], [223], [284]
• Hawaii:
  • — descriptions, [325]–8
  • — language, [327]
• Hawaiian Islands, history and descriptions, [321]–2
• Hé, native, [224]
• Heiau, model of, at Puukohola, [323]–4, [327]
• Heu-heu, [245], [246]
• Hinelilu, leader of Long Ears, [278]–9, [281], [282]
• Hiro, god of sky, [242]
• Hitiuira clan: see Ureohei
• Hoa-haka-nanaia:
  • — at British Museum, [184]
  • — removal from Orongo, [257]
• Honaunau, Hawaii, [326]
• Honolulu, [323]–5
• Hope-Simpson, Mr., [107], [162]
• Hotu:
  • — feud with Ureohei, [225]
  • — skull of, [240]–1
• Hotu-iti, son of Hotu-matua, [280], [281], [282]
• Hotu Iti and Kotuu Territorial divisions:
  • — boundary between on Motu Nui and Orongo, [260], [261]
  • — general position of, [221], [223]
  • — origin of divisions considered, [298]
  • — wars between, [282]–9, [300]
• Hotu-matua, [277]–80, [294], [298]
• Houses:
  • — burnt in war, [224]
  • — inauguration ceremony, [243]
  • — stone, at Orongo, [255]–6
  • — thatched, [215]
  • — — with stone foundations, [215]–6
• Ika: see under Script-Kohau-o-te-ika. Also under “Fish-men” (Tangata-ika)
• Images: see Statues
• Inca Bridge, Argentina, [105]
• Indians of Patagonia:
  • — extermination of, [70]
  • — visits to Mana, [87]–8, [90]–1
• Island Harbour, [93]
• Ivi-atua: see under Religion
• Jamaica, history and descriptions, [373]–7
• Jaussen, Bishop, of Tahiti:
  • — account of departure of missionaries, [208]
  • — list of chiefs by, [241]
  • — translation of tablets attempted by, [207], [247], [253]
• Jean, French ship:
  • — crew at Easter Island as prisoners, [160]
  • — destruction by Germans, [157]–8, [160]
• Jeffery, Charles C., boy on Mana, [9], [78], [390]
• Jeneral Baquedano, ship, [144], [147]–8
• Jotefa, native, [266]
• Joyce, Captain T. A., views on Easter Island, [269], [295]–6
• Juan Fernandez:
  • — animals, [112]
  • — Dresden at, [113]
  • — history, [111]
  • — lobster trade, [113]
  • — Selkirk’s look-out and cave, [112]–3
• Juan Tepano, native, [158], [214], [228], [240], [289]
• Kaméhaméha, chief of Hawaii, [322], [324], [327]
• Kaimokoi, son of Ngaara, [241], [246]–7
• Kainga, legend of, [282]–8
• Kealekakua, Bay of, Hawaii, [326]
• Kanakas: see Easter Islanders
• Kapiera, native:
  • — knowledge re wooden carvings, [271]
  • — tau explained by, [251]
  • — wars of Kotuu and Hotu Iti, date of, [289]
• Kaunga, ceremony, [234]–5
• Keith, Dr.: report re native skulls, [228], [295]
• Kelp-geese, [96]–7
• Kildalton, ship captured by Germans, [157]–60
• Kilauea, Hawaii, [325]–6
• Kilimuti, native, [261], [274], [281]
• King George, [390]
• Kingston, Jamaica, [373], [375]
• Ko Mari, carved design, [263]
• Ko Peka, ceremony, [233]–4
• Ko Tori, last cannibal, [225]–6, [266]
• Kohau: see Tablets
• Koro, ceremony, [234]–42, [251]–2, [267]
• Koro-orongo clan, [223], [280], [284]
• Koremaké: see under Religion
• Kotuu, son of Hotu-matua, [280], [281], [282]
• Kotuu, territorial division: see Hotu Iti
• Language, [203], [207], [213]–4, [295], [327]
• Lapelin, Admiral T. de, on origin of Easter Islanders, [294]–5
• La Pérouse, accounts of Easter Island, [202]–4, [234]
• Las Palmas, [22]
• Legends:
  • — of arrival of inhabitants on Easter Island (Hotu-matua), [277]–80, [282], [294], [298]
    • — from Mangareva, [294]–5
    • — from Rapa-nui, [300]
  • — of cairns and old woman, [232]–3
  • — of first statue, [184]
  • — of Gwaruti-mata-keva (Secret Society), [224]
  • — of Hotu-matua: see Arrival of Inhabitants
  • — of Long Ears and Short Ears, [280]–1
  • — of Oroi and Hotu-matua, [279]–80
  • — of overthrow of statues, [173], [182]
  • — of supernatural beings, [193], [237]–9, [269]–70
  • — of Tuukoihu, [269]–70, [283]
  • — of Uré-a-hohové carried off to Paréhé, [237]
  • — of war between Kotuu and Hotu-iti, [282]–8
  • — of wooden figures, [269]–70
• Lemuria, theories re, [290]
• Leprosy, [212], [250]
• Light, seaman on Mana, [9], [30]
• Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii, [322], [324]
• Lisiansky, early account of Easter Island, [204]
• Lizards, wooden, [238], [243], [268]
• Llay-Llay, Chile, [104]
• “Long Ears”: see under Ears
• Los Andes, Chile, [104], [106]
• Lowry-Corry, Frederick:
  • — death, [110]
  • — joins expedition, [8], [72], [92]
  • — typhoid fever, attack of, [108]–9
• “Luke,” under-steward on Mana, [14], [73]–4
• Madeira, history and descriptions, [18]
• Magellan, discovery of Patagonia, [65]
• Magellan, Straits of, [69]–85
• Mahaiatea: see Tahiti: Marae
• Mahanga, servant, [138]–9, [292]
• Mana, vessel of Expedition:
  • — accident to, at Cristobal, [366]–7
  • — books on board, [11]
  • — building, [4], [6]
  • — crew:
    • — appointed, [9]
    • — changes at Tahiti, [320]
    • — dispersal of, [389]
  • — danger from German vessels, [156]–7, [163]
  • — description, [4]–6
  • — life on board, [115]–20
  • — motor engine trouble, [71]
  • — name explained, [6]
  • — refitting at Talcahuano, [100]–1
  • — return to England, [387]
  • — Royal Cruising Club Challenge Cup gained by, [387] footnote
  • — size compared with Drake’s vessels, [18]
  • — speed, [17], [19], [33], [117], [150], [331]
  • — stores, [10]–13, [20]–1, [100]–1
  • — voyages between Easter Island and Chile, [128], [150], [162]–3
  • — water-supply, [10], [47], [116]–7
• Mana Inlet, Patagonia, [84]
• Mana, Mount, Socorro Island, [345]–6
• Mangareva, migration from, [294]–5
• Manu: see under Bird Cult
• Manu-tara: see Bird Cult: Bird, sacred
• Maoris, [292]
• Marae Renga, I., [277], [280]
• Marae Tohio, I., [277]
• Marama clan, [221], [246], [258], [280], [284]
• Marau, Madame: see Pomare family
• Marotiri, [284]–9
• Marquesas, [292], [299]
• Marriage, [226]–8
• Martinez, Señor, [31]
• Maru, [242], [244], [246]
• Mata: see Clans
• Mataa, spear-heads of obsidian, [223], [256], [280], [296]
• Mataveri, Easter Island:
  • — bird cult at, [258]–9, [264]
  • — camp of expedition at, [134], [145], [155]
  • — house of Mr. Edmunds, [125], [134], [265]
• Maunga Tea-tea, [286]
• Maurata, grandson of Ngaara, [246], [247]
• Melanesian race, relation to Easter Islanders, [291]–8
• Memorial mounds: see Cairns
• Merlet, Señor, chairman of Easter Island company, [107], [209]
• Mindello, Cape Verde, [28], [31]
• Miru clan:
  • — Ariki title of, [241]
  • — fowls power over, [240]–2
  • — Hamea and Raa connection with, [222]
  • — Ngaara: see under that head
  • — origin legendary, [279]
    • — scientific investigation of, [298], [302]
  • — script connection with, [243]
  • — skulls incised, [240]
  • — wars, [258]–84
• Missionaries:
  • — in California, [328]
  • — on Easter Island:
    • — disputes with Captain Bornier, [208]
    • — early work, [206]–7
    • — sale of rights, [208], [209]
• Moai: see Statues
• Mohican, U.S. ship: see Thomson, Paymaster
• Morant’s Cays, W. Indies, eruption at, [370]–1
• Motu Iti, Easter Island, [255]
• Motu Kao-kao, Easter Island, [255]
• Motu Nui, Easter Island:
  • — bird cult at, [255], [258], [260]–1
  • — cave burial-place, [274]–5
  • — in legend, [278], [283]
  • — statue from, [261]
  • — visit to, [257]–8
• Narborough, Sir John, exploration of Patagonia, [65], [67]
• New Guinea, [296]
• New York, [332]
• Ngaara Ariki or chief:
  • — bird cult relation to, [260], [298]
  • — burial, [230], [246]
  • — life and position, [241]–3, [245], [258]
  • — tablets stolen from, [249]
• Ngatimo (clan), [221], [284]
• Ngau-ngau tree, ceremonial use, [243], [262]
• Ngaure, [223], [227], [246], [258], [284]
• Oahu: see Honolulu
• O’Higgins, Bernardo, [99]
• Obsidian: see Mataa
• Olinda, Brazil, [37]
• Orange Bay, Patagonia, Dresden at, [78]
• Orohié, Easter Island:
  • — ahu, [264]
  • — bird cult at, [264], [267]
• Oroi:
  • — ahu of natural, [170]
  • — legend of, [279], [282]
• Orongo, Easter Island:
  • — bird cult at, [259]–61
  • — carvings, [262]–3
  • — description, [255]
  • — houses, [256]
  • — legends of, [280], [288]
  • — statue Hoa-haka-nanaia, now at British Museum, [184]
    • — back of, [187], [263] note
    • — bird cult connection with, [267], [291]
    • — description as typical image, [166]
    • — eyes of, [187]
    • — original position, [257]
    • — removal, [124], [208]
• Pacific, races of, [291]–4
• Paina, [233]
• Pakarati, native, [207]
• Palmer, surgeon, account of missionaries, [206]
• Pampero, [49]–50
• Panama Canal:
  • — construction, general outline, [362]–3
  • — difficulty of entering, summary of log, [359]–60
  • — passage of, described, [363]–4
  • — regulations re pilots, victualling, etc., [365], [367]
• Panama, City of, [361]
• Papeete, Tahiti, [317]–8
• Parapina, native, [214]
• Paréhé, [237]
• Paré-pu, tattooed figure, [220]
• Paro, Easter Island:
  • — overthrow of image at, [173]
  • — tradition re crown of statue, [197]
• Patagonia:
  • — history, [65]
  • — vegetation, [92]
• Patagonian Channels, voyage through, [85]–98
• Paumotu Islands, [292]
• Penguin Inlet, Patagonia, [90]
• Péra, [171], [172], [204]
• Pereyra, Señor, [55]
• Pernambuco, [35]–7
• Peruvian slave-raids, [205]
• Petropolis, Brazil, [46]
• Pillar, Cape, Patagonia, [85]
• Pipi-hereko: see Cairns
• Piro-piro, statue (frontispiece), [166], [189]
• Pitcairn Island:
  • — archæological remains, [313]–4
  • — communications, [311]–2
  • — description, [306]
  • — history, [305]–6
  • — islanders on Mana: see Young
  • — life on, [307]–13
• Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, [261] note, [271]
• Plate River, [53]
• Platform: see Ahu
• Poié, leader of Kotuu, [285]–8
• Poike portion of Eastern Headland, [133], [286]
• Poki-manu: see Bird Cult, Initiation
• Polynesian race, relation to Easter Islanders, [295]–8
• Pomare family, of Tahiti:
  • — account, general, [316]
  • — Arii Taimai, [316], [319]
  • — Marau Taaroa, Madame, [319]
  • — Takau, Princess, [319], [320]
• Ponta Delgada: see St. Miguel, Azores
• Pora, [261]
• Porotu, native, [226], [266]
• Port Churruca, Patagonia, [80]–4
• Port Desire, Patagonia, [67], [68]
• Port Royal, Jamaica, [374]–5
• Porto Bello, Brazil, [47]–9
• Porto Grande: see St. Vincent
• Porto Santo, Madeira Island, [16]
• Ports, procedure on reaching, [20]
• Preston, mate of Mana, [9]
• Prinz Eitel Friedrich, German cruiser:
  • — despatch re to British Minister at Santiago, [163]
  • — at Easter Island, [156]–9
• Prisoners of war:
  • — on Easter Island, [159]–60
  • — at Tahiti, [318]
• Pua, plant, [220], [243], [245]
• Puerto de la Luz, Grand Canary, [19]–20
• Punapau, quarries of stone hats, [199], [270]
• Punta Arenas, Patagonia, [71]–5
• Puukohola, Hawaii, [327]
• Quarries:
  • — at Punapau, [199]
  • — at Rano Raraku, [175]–82
• Queen Mary, [390]
• Quibo Island, Panama, [351]–8
• Raa (clan), [223], [284]
• Races of the Pacific, theories of migrations, [291]–4
• Rano, meaning, [132]
• Rano Aroi, Easter Island, [133], [158]
• Rano Kao, Easter Island:
  • — bird cult at, [254]–5, [262], [263]
  • — description, [254]–5
  • — view from, [133]
• Rano Raraku, Easter Island:
  • — ahu, [191], [264]
  • — bird cult at, [263]–4, [265], [267]
  • — camp of expedition at, [135]–6, [137], [145]–6
  • — description, [135]–6, [175]
  • — excavations at, [185]–91
  • — legends of, [182], [184], [193], [238]
  • — pits on summit, [191]
  • — quarries, [175]–82
  • — south-east side, [191]–3
  • — statues standing, [182]–90
    • — round base, [183]–95, [264]
• Rapa (dancing-paddle), [229], [235], [268]
• Rapa-iti, S. Pacific, [209], [314]–5
• Rapa-nui, or Easter Island, [209]–10
• Rats, [218], [233], [242]
• Ray, Mr., on native names and language, [223] footnote, [295]
• Ray: see Devil-fish
• Recife: see Pernambuco
• Rei-miro, [242], [268]
• Religion:
  • — cult of early voyagers, [239]–40, [256], [300]–1
  • — ivi-atua, [233], [239], [260]–1, [264]
  • — koromaké, [239]
  • — rain, prayers for, [242]
  • — soul, theories of, [238]–9
  • — supernatural beings (atua, aku-aku, tatane), [236]–9, [242], [260], [262], [264], [269]–70, [280]
    • — bird cult, connection with, [260], [262], [264]
    • — characteristics and legends, [236]–9
    • — Hotu-matua, deified ancestor, [236], [280]
    • — statues, connection with, [301]
    • see also Miru, Bird Cult, and Script
• Richards, Mr., Consul at Tahiti, [317], [321]
• Rio de Janeiro, [44]–7
• Ritchie, Lt. D. R., R.N.:
  • — assigned to Expedition, [8]
  • — departure from Easter Island, [154]
  • — surveys made by, [176], [256] footnote
• Roads:
  • — ancient:
    • — of the Ao, [259]
    • — of Ara Mahiva, [198]
    • — ceremonial, [194]–5, [264]
    • — in legend, [278], [294]
  • — modern, [135]
• Roggeveen, Admiral, discovery of Easter Island, [124], [200], [201]
• Rongo-rongo men: see Script—professors
• Rosa, Bartolomeo, sailor, [30], [389]
• Roussel, Father, missionary, [206]
• Routledge, Katherine:
  • — alone on Easter Island, [155]
  • — returns to England, [332]
  • — stewardess of Mana, [9]
• Routledge, Scoresby:
  • — account of homeward voyage, [335]–87
  • — visit to Chile from Easter Island, [155], [161]–3
• Royal Cruising Club, [8], [343], [388]
• Royal Geographical Society, [295], [296]
• Russian Finn, seaman on Mana, adventures, [350]–1
• Sta. Catharina Island, Brazil, [49]
• St. George, Bermuda, [381]
• St. Jago: see Cape Verde Islands
• St. Julian, Patagonia, [68]
• St. Miguel, Azores, [383]–4
• St. Nicholas, Bay and River, Patagonia, [78], [79]
• St. Vincent, Cape Verde Is., [28]
• Salmon, Alexander, [208]–9, [247], [282]
• San Francisco, [328], [332]
• San Martin, General, [99]
• Sandwich Islands: see Hawaiian Islands
• Santa Barbara, California, [332]
• Santa Cruz, Brazil, [40]–1
• Santiago, Chile, [103]–4
• Scharnhorst, German Cruiser, [153]
• Script:
  • — ariki connection with, [243]–7
  • — discovery by missionaries, [207]
  • — first mention of, by Gonzalez, [202]
  • — glyphs, arrangement of, [244]
  • — instruction of students, [245]
  • — Kohau:
    • — o-te-ika, [229], [248]
    • — o-te-puré, [249]
    • — o-te-ranga, [249]
    • — o-te-timo, [229]
  • — Ngaara: see Ariki
  • — origin legendary, [244], [252], [277]
    • — scientific investigation, [302]
  • — professors (tangata-rongo-rongo), [244]–6
    • — last survivor, [250]–3
  • — subjects dealt with, [248]–9, [251]–2
  • — system conjectured, [253]–4, [301]–2
  • — tablets, destruction of, [207]–47
    • see also Kohau
  • — tau, [250]–3
  • — translation attempted, [207], [247]–8
  • — yearly festival connected with, [245]–6
• Secret societies, [224], [292]
• Selkirk, Alexander, [111], [112]–3
• Seligman, Dr., [296]
• Sharks, [117]–8, [350]
• Sharp, Captain, of Kildalton, [159]–60
• “Short Ears”: see under Ears
• Silva, Eduardo, engineer on Mana, [320], [349]–50, [389]
• Skulls, race affinity, [295]–6
  • see also Miru
• Slave-raids, Peruvian, in South Seas, [124], [205], [208]
• Socorro Island, [340]–9
• Solomon Islands, bird cult in, [296]–8
• Spee, Admiral von:
  • — at Easter Island, [152], [153]
  • — at Papeete, [319]
• Sphagnum, [256]
• Statues:
  • — on ahu, [166], [168], [170]
  • — at Anakena, [173], [187]
  • — as avenue to ahu, [196]
  • — backs, two types, [187]–8
    • — design on, [187]–8, [220], [269]
  • — bed-plates, dimensions, [168]
  • — as boundary marks, [193], [197], [261], [301]
  • — in British Museum, larger: see Orongo statue
    • — smaller, [197], [208]
  • — burials in connection with, [190]
  • — carvings incised on, [189], [263] note
  • — counterfeited by natives, [271]
  • — date of construction, [299]–300, [301]
  • — description, general, [166]
  • — details of, [186]–9
  • — dimensions, [166], [170], [173], [182], [183], [195]
  • — early accounts: see Easter Island: early accounts
  • — ears, [166]
  • — erection, [189], [197]
  • — excavation, [151]–2, [163]–4, [185]–91
  • — hands, [186]
  • — isolated, [193], [197]
  • — legends, [173], [182], [184]: see also makers, names, transport
  • — makers, (legendary), [181]–2
  • — material, [175]–6
  • — on Motu Nui, [261]
  • — names, [183]–4, [257], [301]
  • — numbers, [168], [179], [183]
  • — orbits, [187]
  • — at Orongo: see Orongo
  • — overthrow, [172]–3, [182], [299], [300]
  • — at Paro, [173]
  • — on Pitcairn Island, [313]–4
  • — at Pitt Rivers Museum, [261] footnote
  • — in quarries: see Rano Raraku
  • — quarrying, method of, [179]–80
  • — at Rano Raraku: see under this head
  • — representation and purpose, [301]: see also above, boundary
  • — on roads, [194]–5
  • — sources of information, [200]–5
  • — tools used in making, [180]–1
  • — transport, problem of 193, [195]–8
  • — at Washington, [257] footnote
• Submarines, preparations for meeting, [385]–6
• Sunbeam, yacht, [31], [76], [387] footnote
• Tablets: see Script
• Tahai, [246]
• Tahiti:
  • — description, [317]
  • — German attack on, [153], [319]
  • — history, [316]
  • — Marae Mahaiatea, [316], [320]
• Tahonga, [267]
• Takau, Princess: see Pomare family, [247]
• Také, [266]
• Talcahuano, Chile, [100], [101]–2, [154], [162]–3
• Tangata-ika: see Fish-men
• Tangata-manu: see Bird Cult—bird-men
• Tangata-rongo-rongo: see Script—professors
• Tapa, [170], [201], [218]–9
• Tatane: see Religion—supernatural beings
• Tattooing:
  • — inspection by Ariki, [243]
  • — practice of, [219]–20
• Tau: see under Script
• Taura-renga: see Orongo statue
• Te Haha, Miru:
  • — part in social functions, [240]
  • — service with Chief Ngaara, [242], [243], [245]–6
  • — wooden images made by, [271]
• Te Pito-te-henua: see Easter Island—names.
• Tea-tenga, ahu, [194]
• Telde, Grand Canary, [25]–7
• Teneriffe: see as for Grand Canary
• Tepano, Juan: see Juan Tepano
• Tepeu, ahu, [170], [269]
• Terraces, [133]
  • see also Ahu
• Theosophists, theories re Easter Island, [290]
• Thomas, cook on Mana, [375], [386]
• Thomson, Paymaster of Mohican:
  • — account of Easter Island, [209]
    • — names of Easter Island, [210]
  • — translation of tablets attempted by, [247]
  • — versions of legends, [282], [289]
• Tierra del Fuego, [69]–70
• Timo, [229]
• Titahanga-o-te-henua, statue on Motu Nui, [261]
• Toa-toa, [224]
• Tongariki:
  • — ahu, [136], [168], [172], [173], [193]
  • — in legend, [282]
• Tomenika, native:
  • — knowledge of tau, [250]–3
  • — Také, statement re, [266]
• Tools used for statues, [180]–1
• Topaze, H.M.S., visit to Easter Island, [206], [208], [210], [257]
• Towers for fishing, [218]
• Trade winds, [3], [32], [292], [321]
• Trans-Andine Railway, [104]–6
• Tupahotu clan, [223], [224], [227], [228], [249], [252], [284]
• Turtle, capture of, [336]–9
• Tuukoihu:
  • — landing with Hotu-matua, [279]
  • — maker of boats, [283], [289]
    • — wooden images, [269]–70
• Twins, customs re, [243]
• “Undertaker,” [373]
• Uré-a-hohové, legend of, [237]
• Ure-vae-iko, native refusal to decipher tablets, [247]–8
• Ureohei, clan, [223], [225], [227], [259], [284]
• Valdivia, founder of Santiago, [99]
• Valparaiso, Chile, [107], [108], [162]
• Varta: see Vincent
• Vinapu Ahu, [170]
• Vincent, French carpenter, [125], [136], [138]
• Viriamo, native woman:
  • — initiation as bird-child, [267]
  • — life story, [227]–8
  • — Orongo festival, part in, [260]
  • — statue removal from Orongo described, [257]
  • — Také described, [266]
• Wager I., Patagonia, [97]–8
• Waihu: see Easter Island: Names
• Washington:
  • — statue at, [257] footnote
  • — visit to, [332]
• Water on Easter Island: see Easter Island
• Water on Mana: see Mana
• Waterspout, [368]–9
• Weapons, [223]–4, [268]: see also Mataa
• Williamson and Balfour, Messrs., [107]
• Women in Easter Island, [228]
  • see also Viriamo
• Wooden carvings: see Carvings
• Young, Chas. and Edwin, Pitcairn Islanders, [314], [321], [331], [368], [389]–90

Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.

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[1]. The Pelican, or Golden Hinde, was 120 tons; the Elizabeth 80 tons, and three smaller ships were 50, 30, and 12 tons respectively. The crews all told were 160 men and boys.—Froude’s English Seamen, p. 112.

[2]. Lady Grogan informs me that one of the main reasons for the position of women in Argentina is that there is no Married Women’s Property Act, and that even an heiress is therefore in ordinary course entirely dependent on her husband.