[101] Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, IV, 488.
[102] Interview with Capt. O. C. Lange in Chicago, March, 1890. He stated that he was the only Swede in Chicago in 1838, but that there were thirty or forty Norwegians “who were doing anything for a living, even begging,”—but Capt. Lange was an ardent Swede and despised Norwegians!
[103] Norelius, Svenskarnes Historia, 23-26.
[104] Mikkelsen, The Bishop Hill Colony, 26.
[105] Norelius, Svenskarnes Historia, 2 ff. The early history of the Swedish immigration is treated in a much more complete and scholarly fashion than is the Norwegian, in the works of Unonius, Norelius, and Peterson and Johnson. For this reason, and because of the similarity of the early Swedish and Norwegian movements, the Swedish settlements are not followed up in this study with the same detail as the Norwegian.
[106] Unonius, Minnen, I, 5 ff; History of Waukesha County, Wis., 748.
[107] “and a large proportion of criminals,” Nelson, Scandinavians in the United States, II, 117.
[108] History of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, 749.
[109] Bremer, Homes of the New World, II, 214-217. Miss Bremer relates how Mrs. von Schneidau “had seen her first-born little one frozen to death in its bed,” and how Mrs. Unonius “that gay, high-spirited girl, of whom I heard when she was married at Upsala to accompany her husband to the New World ... had laid four children to rest in foreign soil.”
[110] Ibid., 225-235.