[338] Minnesota Executive Documents, biennial reports of State Prisons for the years mentioned.
[339] U. S. Twelfth Census, I, Population, Pt. I, Tables 25, 38, 40.
[340] Reports of the Wisconsin State Board of Control for the years mentioned.
[341] Minnesota Executive Documents, Reports of the State Board of Charities and Corrections, especially for 1884, 1890, 1896; The North, Dec. 18, 1889. Nelson, History of the Scandinavians, II, ch. i, tabulates his estimates of criminality as he does those of insanity; for the years 1880-1822 and 1892-1894:
| Ratio of criminals in the whole population | 1:2302 | 1:1999 |
| American-born population | 1:2413 | 1:2013 |
| Foreign-born population | 1:2035 | 1:1887 |
| Irish population | 1:1600 | 1:860 |
| German population | 1:2713 | 1:2715 |
| Scandinavian population | 1:3706 | 1:5933 |
[342] Statistics for foreign-born in 1890:
| Iowa | Minnesota | |
| Norwegians | 27,078 | 101,169 |
| Swedes | 30,276 | 99,913 |
| Danes | 15,519 | 14,133 |
[343] In 1850 the total of foreign-born Scandinavians was 12,678, of whom 3,559 were Swedes. In 1860 the corresponding figures were 43,995 and 18,625. In 1880 the Swedes numbered 194,337, and the Norwegians, 181,729. United States Census Reports for the years 1850, 1860, 1880.
[344] Christiana got its name through the carelessness of Gunnul Vindæg, who desired to name the town after the Norwegian capital, but omitted the “i” in the last syllable. Billed Magazin, I, 388.
[345] Mattson, Story of an Emigrant, 50-51; History of Goodhue County, Minnesota, 248.