Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester: A Biography

by Kenneth Hotham Vickers

SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES

I. PRINTED BOOKS

Documents and Original Letters

	CITED AS
Rotuli Parliamentorum. London, 1767-77. Comprises Petitions, Pleas, and Proceedings in Parliament, 1278-1503.	Rot. Parl.
Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council(1386-1542). Ed. by Sir H. N. Nicolas. London,1834-37.	Ordinances.
Rotuli Scotiae in Turri Londiniensi asservati.London, 1814-19.	Rot. Scot.
Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium in Turri Londiniensi. London, 1802. This calendar only contains excerpts from thePatent Rolls. The new calendars publisheddo not as yet include the important periods ofthe Duke of Gloucester’s life.	Cal. Rot. Pat.
Issues of the Exchequer. Collected by Frederick Devon. London, 1837.	Devon, Issue Roll.
Calendar of Norman Rolls:—
For the year 1417. Rotuli Normanniae, vol. i. (all published).Ed. by T. D. Hardy. London, 1835.	Rot. Norm.
For the year 1418 and onwards. Reports of theDeputy Keeper of the Public Records. Nos. 41and 42. Appendices. London, 1880, 1881.	Cal. of Norman Rolls.
Calendar of the French Rolls. Reports of the DeputyKeeper of the Public Records. Nos. 44 and 48.Appendices. London, 1883, 1887.	Cal. of French Rolls.
Catalogue des Rolles Gascons, Normans et Français.By Thomas Carte. London, 1743. Certain selections from these rolls only.	Carte.
Reports of the Lords’ Committees touching the Dignityof a Peer of the Realm. London, 1829.	Lords’ Reports.
Foedera Conventiones Litterae et cujuscumque ActaPublica inter Reges Angliae et alios. Collected byThomas Rymer. Third ed. by George Holmes.‘Hagae comitis apud Joannem Neaulme.’ 1745. Miscellaneous documents illustrative of English History.	Rymer.
Memorials of London. Extracts from the earlyArchives of the City of London, 1276-1419. ByH. T. Riley. London, 1868.	Memorials of London.
Collection Générale des Documents Français. Publiéspar Jules Delpit. Paris, 1847. Documents drawn mainly from the Archives ofthe City of London.	Delpit, Doc. Fr.
Testamenta Vetusta. By Sir Harris Nicolas. London, 1868. A collection of Ancient Wills, from Henry V. toElizabeth inclusive.	Test. Vetust.
Excerpta Historica. Ed. by Samuel Bentley. London,1831. Miscellaneous documents, collected from varioussources; published originally in four partsduring 1830, but unfortunately discontinuedowing to a lack of support.	Excerpta Historica.
Rechnungen über Heinrich von Derby’s Preussenfahrten,von Dr. Hans Prutz. Leipzig, 1893. Accounts of Henry’s Treasurer. A similar volumehas been edited by the Camden Society byLucy Toulmin Smith.	Prutz.
Ordinances for the Government of the Household,Liber Niger Domus Regis Edwardi quarti. London,1790.	Ordinances of the Household.
Preuves de l’Histoire de Bourgogne. In vol. iv. ofHistoire Générale de Bourgoyne par Urbain Plancher.Dijon, 1781.	Plancher, Preuves.
Particularités Curieuses sur Jacqueline de Bavière,Comtesse de Hainaut. Première Partie ed. byA. D. No. 7 des Publications de la Société desBibliophiles de Mons. Mons, 1838. Extracts from the Register of the City of Mons.	Particularités Curieuses.
Cartulaire des Contes de Hainaut. Vols, iv., v., vi.Bruxelles, 1889-96. Collections des ChroniquesBelges inédites. A collection of documents taken from the variouscity registers and other sources.	Cartulaire.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Jakobäa von Bayern. InAbhandlungen der Historischen Classe der KöniglichenBayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Band x. Munich, 1867. Erste Abtheilung (1401-26),pp. 1-112. Zweite Abtheilung (1426-36),pp. 205-336. A miscellaneous collection of extracts from documentsand chroniclers.	Beiträge.
Aus der Kanzlei Kaiser Sigismunds. UrkundlicheBeiträge zur Geschichte des Constanzer Concils.Herausgegeben von J. Caro in Archiv für OestreichischeGeschichte. Vol. 59. Vienna, 1880. Contains some documents relating to Sigismund’svisit in England.
Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae. By DavidWilkins. London, 1737. A collection of letters and documents relating toecclesiastical matters.	Wilkin’s, Concilia.
Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers, illustratingthe History of Great Britain and Ireland. PapalLetters. Vol. vii. London, 1906.	Papal Letters.
Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of theEnglish in France during the reign of Henry VI.Ed. by J. Stevenson. Rolls Series, No, 22. London,1861-64.	Stevenson, Letters and Papers.
Registrum Abbatiae T. Whethamstede. Ed. by H. T.Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1872-73.	Whethamstede.
Munimenta Academica. Ed. by Henry Anstey. RollsSeries, No. 50. London, 1898. Documents illustrative of Life and Studies at Oxford.	Munimenta Acad.
Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (Registrum F.) Ed. byH. Anstey. (Oxford Historical Society.) Oxford,1898.	Epist. Acad.
The Paston Letters. Ed. by J. Gairdner. London,1872-75.	Paston Letters.
Official Correspondence of Thomas Beckington. Ed. byG. Williams. Rolls Series, No. 56. London, 1872.	Beckington Correspondence.
Æneae Sylvii Piccolominei, Opera quae extant omnia.Basel, 1851.	Æn. Sylv., Opera.
Leonardi Bruni Aretini Epistolarum, Libri viii. Ed.by Lorenzo Metus. Florence, 1741.	Leonardi Bruni Epistolae.
Original Letters illustrative of English History. Ed.by Sir Henry Ellis. Three Series. London, 1825-45.	Ellis, Letters.
The English Historical Review:—	Eng. Hist. Review.
Vol. x. 1895. Correspondence of Humphrey, Dukeof Gloucester. Ed. by Bishop Creighton.
Vol. xix. 1904. Correspondence of Humphrey, Dukeof Gloucester. Ed. by Mario Borsa.
Vol. xx. 1905. Correspondence of Humphrey, Dukeof Gloucester. Ed. by W. L. Newman, D. Litt.
Archivio Storico Lombardo. Vol. x. Anno xx.Milan, 1893. Pier Candido Decembri e L’Umanesimo in Lombardia,da Mario Borsa. Contains some originalletters printed in an appendix.	Archivio Lombardo.
Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum amplissimacollectio. Ed. by Martène and Durand. Paris,1724-33.	Amplissima Collectio.
Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission.London. Various dates. Cited under the Number of their Report.	Hist. MSS. Rep.
Political Poems and Songs. Ed. by Thomas Wright.Rolls Series, No. 14. London, 1861.	Polit. Songs.

Contemporary Chroniclers who wrote in England

Annales Henrici Quarti Regis Angliae. In H. T.Riley’s Johannis de Trokelowe Chronicon andothers. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1886.	Annales Henrici Quarti.
Incerti Scriptoris Chronicon Angliae de regnis triumregum. Lancastrensium. Ed. by John Allen Giles.London, 1848. Certainly not all by the same author. TheChronicle of Henry V.’s reign stops at 1416,and is the same as the Gesta Henrici Quintibelow. The most valuable of the three is theChronicle of Henry VI.’s reign, probably writtenby a contemporary and a cleric, and thereforehaving numerous references to church matters.
1st chronicle, 3rd chronicle	Chron. Henry IV. Chron. Henry VI.
Gesta Henrici Quinti. Ed. by Benjamin Williams.London, 1850. The first part of this Latin Chronicle down to1417 was written by a chaplain in Henry’sarmy, being the same chronicle as Nicolastranslated at the end of his ‘Battle of Agincourt.’The continuation is by some otherchronicler, and is largely borrowed from Elmham.	Gesta.
A ‘Chronique de Normandie’ is printed at the end ofthis chronicle, and is attributed to George Chastellainby the Editor, though this has been denied. It is,however, obviously written by a contemporary.	Chronique de Normandie.
Vita et gesta Henrici Quinti Anglorum Regis, byThomas de Elmham. Ed. by Thomas Hearne.Oxford, 1727. Elmham was a monk of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury,of which he was treasurer in 1407, andultimately became Prior of Lenton, Notts. Hedied some time during the reign of Henry VI.The attribution to him of this chronicle isdoubted.	Elmham, Vita.
Titi Livi Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici Quinti. Ed. byThomas Hearne. Oxford, 1716. Written at the suggestion of the Duke ofGloucester by an Italian attached to his household.The chronology is not always quiteaccurate.	Livius.
Wilhelmi Wyrcester Annales Rerum Anglicarum,1324-1491. In Hearne’s Liber Niger Scaccarii.Vol. ii. Oxford, 1774. App. ix. excerpti Gilbert Kymeri. Dietarium deSanitatis Custodia.	William of Worcester.
Historia Anglicana, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed. byH. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1864. Walsingham was one of the St. Albans Chroniclers,and wrote about 1430.	Walsingham, Hist. Angl.
Ypodigma Neustriae, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed.by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London,1876.	Walsingham, Ypodigma Neustriae.
Chronica Regum Angliae, by Thomas Otterbourne.Ed. by T. Hearne. 1732. A very brief record of events.	Otterbourne.
Annales Monasterii S. Albani a J. Amundesham. Ed.by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London,1870. Contains—
(1) ‘Chronicon Rerum Gestarum in MonasterioS. Albani,’ by an unknown author. Itcovers the years 1421-31.	St. Albans Chron.
(2) Annales of Amundesham.Amundesham was Prior of Gloucester Hallat Oxford. His Annales extend to theyear 1440.	Amundesham, Annales.
Historiae Croylandensis Continuatio. Printed byThomas Gale in vol. i. of Rerum AnglicarumScriptores Veteres. Oxford, 1604. An unknown chronicler of the monastic house ofCroyland.	Hist. Croyland. Contin.
Memorials of Henry V., King of England. Ed. byC. A. Cole. London, 1858. Contains—
(1) Vita Henrici Quinti. Roberto RedmanoAuctore. Redmayne wrote in the early part ofthe sixteenth century.	Redmayne.
(2) Elmhami Liber Metricus de Henrico Quinto.	Elmham, Liber Metricus.
Liber de Illustribus Henricis, by John Capgrave. Ed.by F. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 7. London,1858. Capgrave was an inmate of the Augustinianmonastery of Lynn in Norfolk, and was a friendof the Duke of Gloucester.	Capgrave, De Illustr. Hen.
Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave. Ed. byF. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 1. London,1858. The Chronicle does not go further than the year1417.	Capgrave, Chron. of Eng.
The Historical Collections of a London Citizen. Ed,by James Gairdner. Camden Society, 1876. Contains—
(1) Poem on the Siege of Rouen, by John Page. The author was present at the siege.	John Page.
(2) Lydgate’s verses on the Kings of England.
(3) William Gregory’s Chronicle of London. Begun by Gregory, but probably continuedby another writer.	Gregory.
A Chronicle of London from 1089-1483. London, 1827. One of the series of London Chronicles of whichGregory’s Chronicle is another. Lydgate’s poemon the Battle of Agincourt is printed in theAppendix.	Lond. Chron.
Chronicles of London. Edited, with an Introduction,by C. H. Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. [SeeManuscript Authorities, British Museum, p. 472.]
An English Chronicle of the Kings’ reigns fromRichard II. to Henry VI. Ed. by J. S. Davies.Camden Society, No. 64. London, 1856. Contains—
(1) A Chronicle founded on the English Chroniclecalled the Brut by an unknown author whomust have died between 1461 and 1471. Itwas used by Stow in his ‘Annals.’	Eng. Chron.
(2) An account of the Parliament of Bury heldin 1447 and the death of the Duke ofGloucester, by Richard Fox of St. Albans,who wrote it probably within a few monthsof the events recorded.	Richard Fox.
Three Fifteenth-century Chronicles. Ed. by JamesGairdner. Camden Society. London, 1880.Contains—
(1) A Short English Chronicle. Written probably Short Eng. Chron.about the time when it ends, 1465. Notvery full till Jack Cade’s Rebellion.
(2) Historical Memoranda in the handwriting ofJohn Stow. Evidently copies of the original documents.	Stow Memoranda.
(3) Brief Notes in a late fifteenth-century hand. Probably written by a monk of Ely.	Brief Notes.
(4) A Short Latin Chronicle. By an unknowncompiler who lived in the time of Henry vi.and Edward iv.	Brief Lat. Chron.
The Chronicle of John Hardyng, with the continuationof Richard Grafton. Ed. by H. Ellis. London,1812. Hardyng was a servant of the Percys, and afterShrewsbury of Sir Robert Umfravile, whom heaccompanied in the Agincourt campaign.	Hardyng.
A Latin Journal of the 1415 campaign is insertedin the above at the end of the reign of Henry v.	Hardyng’s Journal.
Caxton’s edition and continuation of Higden’sChronicle ‘In the Abbey of Westminster ... Accomplishedthe V day of August the yere ...MCCCCLXXX.’ Higden died in 1370. The continuator wasprobably not Caxton.	Higden.
Polychronicon. Imprented in Southwerke for John Rey, 1527. An English Chronicle founded on the ‘Brut,’ andbrought up to date.	Polychronicon.

Contemporary Foreign Chroniclers

Chroniques de Enguerrand de Monstrelet. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1826-27. A Burgundy in sympathy, Monstrelet continued the Chronicles of Froissart. He died in 1453.	Monstrelet.
Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de Waurin. Ed. by Sir Will. Hardy. Roll Series, No. 39— Vol. ii. 1399-1422. London, 1868. Vol. iii. 1422-1431. London, 1874. Vol. iv. 1431-1447. London, 1884. Vol. v. 1447-1471. London, 1891. Waurin copies much from Monstrelet. He was present at Agincourt, and also was an eye-witness of Gloucester’s inroad into Flanders in 1436.	Waurin.
Chronique des Ducs de Burgoyne, par Georges Chastellain, Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1827. A Burgundy chronicler very hostile to England. He possesses a far more literary style than the other chroniclers of the time who wrote in French. He lived from 1403 to 1475.	Chastellain.
Mémoires de Pierre de Fénin. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. A native of Artois who died in 1433.	Pierre de Fénin.
Chronique du Religieux de Saint Denys. Ed. by M. L. Bellaguet. Collection de Documents inédits sur l’Histoire de France. Paris, 1852. A contemporary French chronicler whose work comprises the years 1380-1422.	St. Denys.
Chronique de Jean Le Fevre Seigneur de St. Rémy. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. Le Fevre was in the English army at Agincourt. His chronicle has much in common with those of Monstrelet and Waurin, from whom he often seems to quote.	St. Rémy.
Chroniques de Mathieu de Coussy. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. An Hainaulter who wrote in the fifteenth century.	Mathieu de Coussy.
La Chronique Normande de P. Cochon. Ed. M. Vallet de Veriville. Paris, 1859.	Cochon.
Chronique des Pays Bas de France, d’Angleterre et de Tournai, in vol. iii. of Recueil des Chroniques de Flandre. Brussels, 1856. A very brief chronicle of events.	Chronique des Pays Bas.
Histoire de Charles VI., by Jean Juvenal des Ursins. Paris, 1850. This author lived from 1388 to 1473.	Des Ursins.
Historiarum de Rebus A. Carlo Septimo Francorum Rege et suo tempore in Gallia gestis, by Thomas Basin. Ed. J. Quicherat. Paris, 1855. Basin was born in 1412. He visited England on an embassy to the Duke of York, where he also came in contact with the chief English nobles such as Suffolk, Somerset, and Talbot.	Basin.
Chronica Nobilissimorum Ducum Lotharingiae et Brabantiae ac Regum Francorum, auctore Magistro Edmundo de Dynter. Ed. by P. F. X. de Ram. Brussels, 1854-57. Dynter was private secretary to John of Brabant, and therefore a valuable authority on the history of the Jacqueline marriage.	Dynter.
Das Leben König Sigmunds von Eberhard Windeck. Uebersetzt von Dr. von Hagen. Leipzig, 1886. Windeck was Sigismund’s secretary, and accompanied him to England.	Windeck.

Later Chroniclers

The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold’s Chronicle. London, 1811. First published about 1502.	Arnold’s Chron.
The New Chronicles of England and France, by Robert Fabyan. Ed. by Henry Ellis. London, 1811. Fabyan was a Londoner, who died about 1511.	Fabyan.
The English History of Polydore Vergil, from an early translation. Ed. by Sir Henry Ellis. Camden Society, 1844. Polydore was a native of Urbino, and was born in the latter half of the fifteenth century. He came to England as a subcollector of Peter’s Pence in 1502.	Polydore Vergil.
The Pastime of People (1529), by John Rastell. Ed. by T. F. Dibdin. London, 1811.	Rastell.
Hall’s Chronicle, from Henry IV. to Henry VIII. London, 1809. Originally published in 1548. Based on documents, and especially useful for the proceedings in the Parliament of 1426. Edward Hall died in 1547.	Hall.
Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by Raphael Holinshed. London, 1808. Holinshed published his Chronicles in 1557.	Holinshed.
The History of Great Britain, by John Speed. London, 1611. Speed lived from 1550 to 1629.	Speed.
Annales, or A General Chronicle of England, begun by John Stow, and continued down to 1631 by Edmund Howes. London, 1631. Stow died in 1605 before his Chronicle was published.	Stow.