Fazenda: in South, any farm or estate of coffee, cacao, cattle, etc.; in north more exclusively applied to cattle farm. Fazendeiro, farmer or estate owner.
Fallencia: failure, bankruptcy.
Farinha: flour. — de mandioca, of two kinds “white” and “yellow,” made from root of one of the Euphorbias.
Feijão: beans, red, black or white, universal Brazilian food; feijoada, special dish made with beans, dried meat, pepper, mandioca flour, etc.
Flagellados: lit. “the scourged,” applied to people from the northern drought districts.
Fluminense: native of Rio de Janeiro State, from Lat. flumen, river; Portuguese discoverers thought Rio Bay mouth of a river, and so named it “River of January.” There is no river, but the name remains, and the fluminenses are proud to call themselves “river folk.”
Frigorifico: cold storage, properly; applied to packing-houses also.
Gaiola: properly, cage; also applied to small open boats traversing Amazonian fluvial network.
Garimpeiros: diamond hunters of Brazilian interior.
Herva: lit. herb: applied to the leaf of ilex paraguayensis, known in Brazil as herva matte and in Spanish America as yerba maté. Herval, forest of trees from which leaf is obtained: pl. hervaes.