Brazil today and tomorrow

by L. E. Elliott Joyce

MAP OF BRAZIL
Adapted from the Railway Map arranged by Dr. Miguel Calmon for the Brazilian Government
[Click on map for higher resolution.]

INDEX

• A
• A. B. C. Treaty, [120]–122.
• Acre Territory, [194], [204], [324].
• Affonso Penna, [81];
  • colony, [71].
• Agricultural methods, [256], [257].
• Agua-marinhas, [260].
• Aguas Virtuosas, [315].
• Alagôas, [39], [151], [271], [297], [324].
• Alagoinhas, [150].
• Albuquerque, Jeronymo, [37].
• Alcobaça, [155].
• Alto da Serra, [130].
• Alves, Rodrigues, [81], [106], [174].
• Amazonas, State, [180]–234, [297], [313], [319].
• Amazon river, [161], [162];
  • basin, [3], [73];
  • rubber industry, [180]–234;
  • Navigation company, [161].
• Anchieta, José de, [22].
• Apartaçao do gado, [85].
• Aracajú, [150], [151], [324].
• Araguary, [141].
• Araguaya, [155].
• Aramina fibre, [253].
• Arantes, Dr. Altino, [70], [139];
  • also see footnote to p. [144].
• Araxá, [315].
• Area of States, [324].
• Argentina, [5];
  • railways, [135], [138], [158];
  • sugar, [243];
  • trade with Brazil, [321].
• Atalaia, [151].
• Automobile roads, [127], [128].
• Auxiliaire railway, [137].
• Avenida Paulista, [67], [127].
• Avenida Rio Branco, [105].
• Aviador, [198], [199].
• B
• Babassú, [274].
• Bacharel, Bacharelismo, [83].
• Baependy, Visconde de, [61].
• Bahia, city (São Salvador), settlement, [18], [19];
  • captaincy-general, [36];
  • Dutch seizure, [38], [39], [40], [44];
  • Dom João, [50];
  • negroes, [82];
  • churches, [91];
  • tobacco, [247].
• Bahia, State, colonies, [60], [61];
  • mule troops, [86];
  • roads, [128];
  • railroads, [130], [150];
  • coffee, [178];
  • debt, [297];
  • tobacco, [245], [246], [247];
  • cacao industry, [254]–256;
  • oranges, [258];
  • mines, [259], [260], [262];
  • factories, [265], [270];
  • exports, [319].
• Banco do Brasil, [51].
• Bandeiras, [25]–33.
• Bangú factory, [272].
• Banks, foreign and Brazilian, [303]–305;
  • British, capital, [290];
  • National City, [296].
• Barbosa, Ruy, [99], [106].
• Barra, [32].
• Barra do Córdoba, [153].
• Barreiros, [151].
• Barretos, packing-house at, [140], [211], [212].
• Bartholomeu Bueno da Silva, [32].
• Belem (Pará), [153], [298].
  • See Pará.
• Bello Horizonte, [141], [144], [261], [298].
• Bem Fica, [147].
• Berrogain & Cia, [207].
• Berwind Coal Co., [165], [296], [322].
• Betun or petum (tobacco), [245].
• Bicho, [87], [88].
• Bilac, Olavo, [99], [100].
• Blumenau of Brunswick, Herr, [58];
  • town, [138].
• Bolivia, railway links, [135].
• Bom Successo, [70].
• Borba Gato, [31].
• Borda do Campo, [22].
• Brack, [291].
• Braganza, [153].
• Branco river, [159], [202].
• Braz Cubas, [22].
• Braz, Dr. Wencesláo, [54], [156].
• Braz (suburb of S. Paulo), [268].
• Brazil, discovery of, [11]–14;
  • name, [15];
  • capitanias, [17], [18], [19];
  • export of tobacco, [247];
  • nuts, [274], [311].
• Brazil Railway Co., [137], [142], [143], [297].
• Brazil-wood, [15], [20], [41], [46].
• British investment, [287]–290.
• Bureau in Paris, [103], [175].
• C
• Cabedello, [152].
• Caboclo, [4].
• Cabotagem, [123], [150].
• Cabral, Captain, [14].
• Cacao, culture and export, [254]–258.
• Cacequy, [137].
• Cachaça, [241].
• Cachoeiras (Itapemirim), [146].
• Caeté, [48].
• Cai-Uby, [23].
• Caixa de Conversão, [172], [277], [278], [279].
• Cajazeiras, [153].
• Calmon, Dr. Miguel, [193], [229], [272].
• Cametá, [48].
• Caminho do Padre José, [125].
• Camocim, [152].
• Campinas, [141], [273].
• Campos, [146], [147], [241], [290].
• Campos Salles colony, [69].
• Cananea, [64].
• Cannavieiras, [64].
• Cantareira Tramway, [139];
  • ferries, [147].
• Cape St. Augustine, [11].
• Capitanias, [17], [18], [19], [36].
• Caracú cattle, [217], [218].
• Caramarú, [18]; town, [140].
• Caravellas, [149], [159].
• Carbonados (diamonds), [259].
• Cardoso de Almeida, [158].
• Careta, [85].
• Carioca cotton mill, [290].
• Carnauba wax, [152], [318].
• Carvalho, Dr. Daniel de, [270].
• Castilloa elastica, [182], [202], [203].
• Catalão, [141].
• Cattle, [40];
  • introduction, [208];
  • industry, [209]–219.
• Cattley, William, [309].
• Caxambú, [315].
• Caxias, [153], [155], [249].
• Ceará, capitania of, [19], [86];
  • droughts in, [152];
  • railways, [152];
  • labour from, [184], [197], [198];
  • cattle, [218];
  • lace, [254], [274];
  • factories, [271];
  • debt, [297];
  • exports, [319];
  • area, [324].
• Central Railway, [141], [144], [145], [146], [261].
• Centro Industrial, [227], [271], [272].
• Cereals, [248]–252.
• Chaves, Alfredo, colony of, [249].
• Cincinato Braga, [217].
• Ciudad Real, [23], [24], [28].
• Clarke’s shoe factories, [290].
• Class distinctions, [79], [80].
• Climate, contrasts, [4];
  • variety of soil and climate, [6];
  • suited to immigrants, [73];
  • effect on roads, [128], [216], [217], [248], [274].
• Coal, used, [146];
  • mining, [263].
• Coats’ cotton mill, [290].
• Coconut oil factory, [275].
• Coelho, Duarte, [14], [15], [20].
• Coffee drinking, [88].
• Coffee industry, [167]–180;
  • coffee exports, [175].
• Colonization, Ch. 2, p. [56].
• Columbus, [13].
• Commerce, exterior, [316].
• Commerciantes, [81].
• Companhia de Viação S. Paulo-Matto Grossi, [136].
• Companhia do Commercio do Brazil, [42].
• Companhia Frigorifica e Pastoril, [140].
• Comtists, [91].
• Conde d’Eu railway, [151].
• Conference, [228], [270].
• Conquista, [149].
• Conspiracy of Minas, [49].
• Copaiva, (Copahyba), [39], [313].
• Corcovado, [4].
• Correia de Sá, [44].
• Corsairs, [35].
• Corumbá, railway to, [135], [136].
• Cory Coal Co., [165], [290], [322].
• Cotton, raw, export of, [226], [227];
  • weaving, [268]–273;
  • industry, [219]–234.
• Court of Cartago, [121], [122].
• Couto de Magalhães, [108].
• Cozinha bahiana, [108].
• Cratheus, [152].
• Cruz, Dr. Oswaldo, [106], [195].
• Cubatão, old road to, [126];
  • dye factory, [273].
• Curityba, [68], [127], [133], [139], [235].
• Curralinho, [144].
• Currency, system, [281], [282].
• Curvello, [144].
• Cuyabá, [33], [46], [159], [160], [324].
• D
• Defesa da Borracha, [193], [206].
• Diamantina, [33], [144].
• Diamonds, [259], [317].
• Dois Irmãos Mountains, [117].
• Dom João, [50].
• Dom Pedro I, [51].
• Dom Pedro II, [52], [53].
• Dona Anna Pimentel, [208].
• Donatarios, [19], [44].
• Dona Thereza (colony in Pará), [58].
• Drugs, [311], [314].
• Duarte Coelho, [14], [15], [20].
• Duder, [290].
• Dumont coffee estates, [168].
• Dutch, seizure of coast, [35];
  • West India Co., [38];
  • establishment in Pernambuco, [38]–41;
  • result of occupation, [42].
• Dutra, Dr. Firma, [136].
• Dyes, [272], [273].
• E
• Education, [115]–118.
• Electric power, Paulo Affonso falls, [155];
  • used for manufacturing, [265], [270];
  • falls available, [273].
• Elpidio de Salles, [157].
• Emancipated colonies, [71].
• Emboabas, Guerra dos, [47].
• Empire established, [52];
  • abolished, [53].
• Engenho Novo, [60].
• Entradas, [24], [25].
• Erechim, [72].
• Esperanza, Porto, [136].
• Espirito Santo State, mines, [30];
  • early history, [36], [43];
  • colonies, [60], [61], [62], [71];
  • railroads, [148], [149];
  • coffee, [178];
  • monazite sands, [262];
  • factories, [271];
  • debt, [291], [292].
• Estação da Luz, [131].
• Estacio de Sá, [44].
• Estrella, [62], [63].
• Euclydes da Cunha, [193].
• Export taxes of States, [302], [303].
• External debts of States and Cities, [291], [292].
• F
• Fabrica da Pedra, [155].
• Fabric-weaving mills in all Brazil, [268]–269.
• Factories in São Paulo, [265], [267], [268], [269].
• Falls in exchange, [283], [284].
• Farquhar, interests, [142]–144, [162], [173].
• Federal debts, [299], [300], [301].
• Federal District, [270], [271], [291], [298].
• Federal revenues, [302].
• Feijó, Father Diogo, [52], [129].
• Feira dos bizerros, [85].
• Fernando Noronha, [15].
• Fernão Dias, [29], [30], [31].
• Festas, [92], [93].
• Fibres, [252], [253], [254].
• Fibres used by natives, [110].
• Finance, [276].
• Finger of God, [4].
• Florianopolis, [6], [324].
• Folklore, [92], [108].
• Formosa, [145].
• Fortaleza, [6], [152], [324].
• France Antarctique, [43].
• French investment, [286], [292], [293];
  • early settlements, [17], [37], [38].
• French trade, [321].
• Frey Tiburcio, [101].
• Frontin, [145], [159].
• Fruits, [258].
• Funilense Railway, [139].
• Future colonization, [73], [74], [75].
• G
• Garanhuns, [151].
• Gardner, Dr. George, [308], [309].
• Gavião Peixoto, [69].
• “General Mines,” [124].
• German investment, [293].
• Germans, colonization, [57]–62;
  • influence and language, [117], [118].
• Goeldi, Dr. Emil, [229].
• Gold mines, discovery, [30], [32], [33], [45], [46].
• Gold mines in operation, [259].
• Gonçalves, Dias, [100].
• Good manners, Brazilian, [76], [77].
• Goodyear Tire Co., [206].
• Gordon, John, [262].
• Goyana tribes, [29].
• Goyaz, [2], [26], [27], [32], [44], [73], [141], [160], [161], [324].
• Goytacazes, Capitania, [48].
• Graciosa road, [127].
• Granja, [152].
• Grão Pará, [44].
• Grass lands, [214], [215], [216].
• Great Western of Brazil railway, [130], [149], [151], [152].
• Green, Dr. Edward, [222], [228].
• “Green Sea of Darkness,” [12].
• Guanabara, Alcindo, [193];
  • Bay, [126].
• Guaraná, [313].
• Guarany nucleo, [72].
• Guayará, [24].
• Guayra falls, [273].
• Gymnasio Anglo-Brazileiro, [117].
• H
• Hamburg, “Colonizing Union of,” [59].
• Hammocks, [253].
• Hansa, [138].
• Henry, the Navigator, [12].
• Herkmann, Elias, [39].
• Herva matte outlet, [133];
  • industry, [234]–238.
• Hevea brasiliensis, [181];
  • seeds taken by Wickham, [188];
  • varieties, [194].
• Hide exports, [218], [219].
• Highroads, [124]–129.
• Horsemanship, skill in, [86].
• Huber, Dr. Jacques, [229].
• Huguenots, [43], [44].
• I
• Icelanders, [62].
• Iguape, [63], [64];
  • footnote on 140.
• Iguassú falls, [273].
• Iguatú, [152].
• Ilha de Johannes, [48].
• Ilhéos, [6], [43], [48], [149].
• Imbatuba, [138].
• Immigration table, [72];
  • See colonization;
  • effect on Brazilian society, [78], [79].
• Imperial road to Petropolis, [126].
• Imports, [322], [323].
• Imposto do Consumo, [266].
• Independence, [52].
• Indians, [109]–113.
• Inglotina, [272].
• Inheritance of French ideas, [77].
• Investment, [285].
• Ipecacuanha, [39], [312].
• Iquitos, [162].
• Iron deposits, [261].
• Isabel, Princess, [53], [80].
• Itabira (iron), [261].
• Itacoatiara, [162].
• Itajahy, [63].
• Italian immigrants, [66], [67].
• Itamaracá, [41], [48].
• Itanhaen, footnote on, [140].
• Itapemirim, [146].
• Itapura, [135], [137], [162].
• Itatiaya, mountain, [3].
• Itú, College at, [49].
• Ivahy, [71].
• J
• Jaborandi, [39], [313].
• “Jacaré Assu”, [62].
• Japanese colony in São Paulo, [70], [71].
• Jaraguá, [151].
• Jardim Botanico, [229].
• Jatobá, [155].
• Jesuino Marcondes colony, [71].
• Jesuits, [22]–25, [28], [33], [34], [48], [111];
  • old Jesuit road, [125], [126].
• João Alfredo, [81].
• João Pinheiro, [72].
• Joazeiro, railway to, [130];
  • steamboats touching at, [144].
• Joinville (Dona Francesca) 58, [59], [138].
• Jornal do Commercio, [9], [101], [102], [103].
• Jorge Tibiriça colony, [69].
• José do Patrocinio, [108].
• Juiz da Fora, [125].
• Jupiá, [137].
• Juquiá, [64].
• K
• Kapok (paina), [252], [253].
• L
• Labour, origin and locality, [82].
• Lace-making, [254], [274].
• Lagôa dos Patos, [117], [137], [163].
• Laguna Mirim, [238].
• Lambary, [315].
• Land for immigrants, [73].
• Langgard, Dr. T. J. H., [313].
• Lauro Muller colony, [138].
• Leopoldina Railway, [130], [146], [147].
• Light and Power companies, [273], [296].
• Literature, [97], [98], [99].
• Lloyd Brasileiro, [162], [163], [164].
• Loddiges, [309].
• Lotteries, public, [87].
• Lundgren, [231].
• M
• Macahé, [146].
• Macáu, [274].
• Macedo, J. M. de, [79], [98], [99].
• Maceió, [6], [151].
• Mackenzie College, [116].
• Madeira-Mamoré, [136], [142], [154], [292], [293].
• Maize (milho), [251], [252].
• Malho, journal, [83].
• Mamelucos, [18], [25].
• Manáos, [3], [6], [105], [159], [162], [185], [186], [187], [192], [197], [201]–2, [298].
• Mandioca, [84], [252].
• Mangabeira, [182], [185].
• Manganese, [261], [262], [317], [318].
• Mangrove, dye from, [272].
• Maniçoba rubber, [152], [182].
• Mantiqueira mountains, [3].
• Manufactures, [264]–275.
• Mappin, [289], [290].
• Maranhão, [33], [37], [42], [44], [48], [49], [60], [86];
  • railways, [153];
  • coffee, [178];
  • factories, [270];
  • babassú nuts, [274].
• Marcgrav, [39], [307], [313].
• Maribondo falls, [273].
• Martim Affonso, [18], [21].
• Martinho Prado colony, [70].
• Martius, [3], [307].
• Matarazzo, [248].
• Match industry, [264].
• Matte (Herva), [68], [234]–238, [318].
• Matto Grosso, [2];
  • first entries, [26], [27];
  • captaincy, [44];
  • sertões, [78];
  • railways, [135], [139], [160], [161];
  • export taxes, [303].
• Medicinal plants, [311]–314.
• Mem de Sá, [23], [43].
• Mercantile Marine, [166].
• Mestizos, [82].
• Métayer system, [61].
• Milho, (maize), [251], [252].
• Mills, flour, [251];
  • sugar, [241];
  • fabric-weaving, founded in Pará and Maranhão, [224];
  • in Minas, [225];
  • Petropolis, [264];
  • S. Paulo, [265]–8;
  • all Brazil, [268]–272;
  • cotton mill near Pernambuco, [231]–233.
• Minas Geraes, products, [6];
  • early foundations, [26], [30], [44], [47];
  • colonization, [71];
  • roads, [127];
  • coffee and cotton, [178];
  • cattle lands, [216], [218];
  • cotton weaving, [225];
  • iron deposits, [148], [161];
  • gold mines, [259];
  • factories, [269], [271];
  • debt, [298];
  • exports, [319].
• Mucury, [59].
• N
• Nabuco, Joaquim, [106].
• Nassau, Prince John Maurice of, [39].
• Natal, [152], [324].
• Native races, [109]–114.
• Navigação Bahiana, [150], [162].
• Nazareth, [150], [162].
• Negroes, first introduced, [37], [82];
  • slavery abolished, [53];
  • eminent men, [108], [109].
• Negro river, [159], [185], [202].
• Newspapers, [101]–105.
• Nictheroy, [147], [324].
• Nine principal export articles, [318], [319].
• Nossa Senhora d’O, [60].
• Nova Europa, [69].
• Nova Friburgo, [57], [147].
• Nova Lusitania, [20].
• Nova Odessa, [68].
• Nova Veneza, [69].
• Novels, [98], [99].
• Nucleos, [58]–72.
• O
• Obidos, [162].
• Ojeda, Alonzo de, [13].
• Olinda, [38], [91], [231], [244].
• Oliveira, Alberto de, [100].
• Oranges of Bahia, [258].
• Orchids, [309], [310].
• Orgão mountains, [4].
• Orellana, [16].
• Osasco, packing plant, [143], [211], [212].
• Ouro Preto, [46], [124], [259].
• P
• Packing-houses, [210]–212.
• Pagés, [111], [112].
• Paina (kapok fibre), [252]–3.
• Paper money in circulation, [281], [282].
• Pará City (Belem); foundation, [19];
  • settlements, [37];
  • Jesuits, [48];
  • newspapers, [105];
  • schools, [116];
  • shipping, [162];
  • coffee, [178];
  • modern works, [185];
  • rubber, [192], [197], [201];
  • debt, [298].
• Parahyba, [41], [241], [271].
• Paranaguá, [133].
• Paranápanema river, [140].
• Paraná river, [23], [27], [124], [126], [136], [162].
• Paraná State, immigrants, [62], [68], [71];
  • land, [73];
  • matte forests, [133];
  • railways, [138], [139];
  • pine forests, [235];
  • coal, [263];
  • factories, [271];
  • debts, [291];
  • exports, [319].
• Pará State, [4];
  • Portuguese colonies, [60];
  • imports, [196];
  • nut export, [274];
  • debt, [298];
  • exports, [319].
• Paraty, [138].
• Parceria system, [61].
• Parnahyba river, [155].
• Pastures, [215], [216], [218].
• Patronato Agricola, [67], [169].
• Paulista, Railway, [140].
• Paulo Affonso falls, [124];
  • railway line, [155].
• Pauta, (export tax rate), [203].
• Peçanha, [60].
• Pedra Preta, [152].
• Pelotas, [298].
• Pernambuco, [17], [19], [20], [128], [129], [137], [241], [319];
  • Dutch control, [38]–41;
  • land, [73];
  • labour, [82];
  • tropeiros, [86];
  • churches, [91];
  • industries, [265], [271];
  • cotton cloth factory, [230]–232;
  • sugar, [244].
• Petropolis, [58], [126], [127], [147], [264], [270], [273], [290].
• Piassava, fibre, [254].
• Piauhy, [153], [155], [241], [271], [324].
• Pineapples, [258], [311].
• Pinto, Dr. Costa, [273].
• Pinzon, [11].
• Piquery River, [23].
• Piracicaba, school, [63], [64];
  • sugar mill, [217], [242];
  • agricultural college, [257].
• Piranhas, [155].
• Pirapora, [144], [145].
• Piso, [39], [307], [312], [313].
• Pita, fibre, [253].
• Plantation rubber, first experiments, [189], [190], [191];
  • tax on, [204].
• Plants sent to Europe from Brazil, [306]–314.
• Poets, Brazilian, [99], [100].
• Pombal, Marquis of, [45], [47], [48], [224].
• Ponta da Areia, [149].
• Ponta Grossa, [138], [139].
• Population, [55];
  • separate states, [324].
• Porto Alegre, [6], [298], [324].
• Porto Seguro, [14], [48];
  • Visconde de (Varnhagen, historian), [47], [106].
• Ports opened to world commerce, [50];
  • modern port works, [54].
• Pottery, Marajó, [109], [110].
• Prado, Conselheiro Antonio, [140].
• Praia Formosa, [147].
• Press, [100]–105;
  • first established, [50].
• Putz, Theodore, [207].
• Q
• Quedas, Sete, [273].
• Queimados, [130].
• Queiros, Luis de, [19].
• R
• Railroads, construction, [129];
  • Great Western, [130], [151], [152];
  • S. Paulo Railway, [131]–133;
  • Paranaguá, [133];
  • links with other republics, [135], [136];
  • Northwestern, [135], [136];
  • Rio Grande, [137];
  • Santa Catharina, [139];
  • in S. Paulo, [139]–141;
  • Minas, [144];
  • from Rio, [146], [147];
  • Espirito Santo, [148], [149];
  • Bahia, [149], [150];
  • Sergipe, [150];
  • Pernambuco, [151], [152];
  • other northern States, [152], [153];
  • Pará, [153];
  • Madeira-Mamoré, [154];
  • lines passing falls, [154], [155];
  • operation systems, [156], [157];
  • Federal and private control, [157], [158];
  • railways projected, [159]–161.
• Raiz da Serra, [130].
• Ramalho, João, [18], [21].
• Rapadura, [241].
• Raposo, Antonio, [27]–29.
• Recife, [105], [151], [298].
• Religion, [89]–92.
• República de Piritinim, [58].
• Republic inaugurated, [53].
• Ribeiro, João, [27], [28].
• Riberão Preto, [141].
• Rio Branco, Barão de, [119];
  • Visconde de, [81], [106].
• Rio de Janeiro city, [4], [5], [6], [43], [44], [50], [51], [54], [76], [85], [97], [104], [127], [137], [260].
• Rio de Janeiro State, [60];
  • sugar growing, [244];
  • factories, [265].
• Rio Grande do Norte, [41], [86], [241], [271], [298].
• Rio Grande do Sul, Spanish in, [25], [47];
  • colonization, [72];
  • land, [73];
  • wine, [88];
  • Germans, [117], [118];
  • railways, [137], [138];
  • docks, [138];
  • pastures, [141];
  • tobacco, [246], [248];
  • wheat, [248]–251;
  • coal, [263];
  • exports, [320];
  • Rio Grande city, [137].
• Rio Negro, colony in Paraná, [58], [138], [139];
  • Negro River, [159], [185], [202].
• Rio Pardo colony, [62].
• Rocha Pombo, [26].
• Romero, Sylvio, [107], [108].
• Roncador, [141].
• Rondon, Colonel Candido, [48], [106], [112], [129], [273].
• Rodrigues, José Carlos, [106].
• Rua do Ouvidor, [105].
• Rubber, [180]–208;
  • table of prices, [188];
  • world’s crop, [205];
  • factories, [206], [207].
• Russian settlers, [68], [72];
  • carters of Paraná, [129].
• S
• Sabará mines, [31].
• Sabaúna, [70].
• Salt industry, [274].
• Salto Grande, line to, [136].
• Salutaris, [315].
• Sampaio, historian, [26].
• Santa Anna do Livramento, [141].
• Santa Barbara, [64], [65].
• Santa Catharina, land, [73];
  • roads, [128];
  • railways, [138], [141];
  • cereals, [249];
  • coal mines, [263];
  • factories, [270];
  • debt, [298].
• Santa Isabel, colony, [58].
• Santarem, [64], [159], [162].
• Santo André, [22], [23].
• Santos, [133].
• São Bernardo, [22], [70].
• São Felix, [150], [247].
• São Francisco, river, gold-miners’ route, [46], [124];
  • projected railway, [129];
  • railway passing falls, [155].
• São João del Rey mine, [259].
• São Leopoldo, colony, [57].
• São Lourenço, [315].
• São Luis, [153].
• São Luiz, [324].
• São Paulo, City, [6];
  • settlement, [18], [19], [23], [28], [29], [32], [34];
  • wealth, [67];
  • social life, [97];
  • newspapers, [104];
  • schools, [115], [116], [117];
  • Pure Coffee Company, [179];
  • railroads, [131], [132], [133], [135], [137], [141], [145];
  • factories, [265], [267], [268], [269].
• São Paulo State, [5], [6];
  • early history, [18], [19], [21]–35, [44], [46];
  • colonization system, [68]–71;
  • education, [115]–117;
  • coffee industry, [168]–180;
  • sugar, [244];
  • manufacturing taxes, [267];
  • industries, [269]–273;
  • debts, [291], [298];
  • exports, [319].
• São Pedro de Alcantara, [57].
• São Salvador (Bahia), [149].
• São Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro), [44], [149].
• São Vicente, settlement, [18], [22];
  • sacking, [35], [43], [48].
• Sapucaia nuts, [274].
• Schmidt, Francisco, [168].
• Schools and Colleges, [116], [117].
• Semi-precious stones, [260].
• Sergipe, [150], [241], [269], [271], [324].
• Seringueiro, cost of outfit, [197].
• Serra Doirada, [32].
• Serra do Mar, [125], [126], [128], [130]–133.
• Serrinha, [139].
• Serro Frio, [30].
• Sertanejo, [84], [85].
• Sertanistas, [28].
• Sertão, [25].
• Sete Lagôas, [144].
• Sete Quedas, [273].
• Shipping, [161]–166.
• Silk industry, [264].
• Silva, [60].
• Sinimbú, [60], [63].
• Skins, export, [318], [319].
• Sloper, [291].
• Solis, [16].
• Sorocabana, railway, [136], [139].
• Souza, Eloy de, [192], [195], [199];
  • Affonso de, [18], [21].
• Spanish rule, [35], [36].
• Stage, [100].
• State Debts, [297], [298].
• States, shares in export trade, [319], [320];
  • area and population, [324].
• Steamship lines, [164], [165];
  • British, [290].
• Stevenson, [290].
• St. John’s Day observances, [92].
• Sugar, [238]–245;
  • mills, [241];
  • export, [243].
• Sumidouro mines, [29], [30].
• Swiss settlers, [56].
• T
• Tamoyo Indians, [21], [43].
• Tapajoz river, [64], [159], [162], [188].
• Taunay, Visconde de, [98].
• Taxes upon industries, [267].
• Terms, Brazilian, [325]–327.
• “Terra dos Papagaios”, [15].
• Thereza Christina railway, [144].
• Therezina, [324].
• Theodore Wille & Co., [172].
• Theophilo Ottoni, [61];
  • town, [149].
• Thevet, André, [245].
• Thomé de Souza, [34], [43].
• Tibagy, [29].
• Tibiriça, [18], [23], [136], [162].
• Tieté river, [124].
• Tijuca, [4].
• Tiradentes, [50].
• Tobacco, [245]–248;
  • export, [246];
  • price, [247].
• Tocantins, [155], [162].
• Toledo, Pedro de, [230].
• Tombu, [29], [30].
• Trade, ten-year periods, [317];
  • balance, [323].
• Transportation, [123]–166.
• Travellers in Brazil, [3].
• Treasury Bills, [279], [280].
• Treaty of Tordesillas, [12].
• Tres Barras lumber mills, [138].
• Tres Forquilhas, [57].
• Triangle of Minas, [128], [218], [273].
• Tropeiro, [86], [87].
• Tupan, [111].
• Tupi-Guarani tribes, [109].
• U
• Uberaba, [141], [218].
• United States Immigrants, [63], [64].
• United States interests, [294]–297.
• U. S. purchases from Brazil, [320].
• U. S. Steel Corporation, [261].
• Uricury nuts, [201].
• Urubupunga falls, [273].
• Urucú dye, [272].
• Uruguay link with Brazil, [135].
• V
• Valorization of Coffee, [171]–174.
• Vergueiro family, [61].
• Vespucci, [13], [14].
• Viação Bahiana, [158].
• Viçosa, [151].
• Victoria, [147], [148].
• Villa Americana, [63].
• Villa Rica, [46].
• Villegaignon, [43].
• W
• Wars, [119].
• Waterfalls, power used or available, [265], [273].
• Weaving industry, [268]–271.
• Wheat production, [249].
• Wickham, [180], [188], [189].
• Wileman, [121];
  • Review, [9].
• Willekens, Admiral, [38].
• Willis, Dr. John, [229].
• Wilson Coal Co., [165], [290], [322].
• Wine, national, [88], [89], [274].
• Women, position and education of, [94], [97].
• Writers, [98]–100.
• X
• Xarque, [209].
• Y
• Ypiranga, [52], [268].
• Z
• Zé Povo, [84].
• Zebu cattle, [217].

Printed in the United States of America.

---

[1]. Martim Affonso’s capitania, then the most southern part of Portuguese territory, had one hundred leagues of coastline, with headquarters at S. Vicente; next came Santo Amaro (Itamaracá) and Parahyba do Sul (present Rio de Janeiro State); Espirito Santo; Porto Seguro; Ilhéos, stretching up to the south of the Bahia; Bahia itself, running from the Bay to the mouth of the S. Francisco river; Pernambuco; Maranhão, divided into 3 captaincies of which two, totalling 150 leagues, went to João de Barros, the third, of 75 leagues, to Fernão Alvares de Andrade; most northerly came Ceará.

[2]. Calculation of the Brazilian historian Theodoro Sampaio.

[3]. Brazilian historians differ as to dates, but Southey says that the first discovery of gold in Matto Grosso was made in 1734 by Antonio Fernandez de Abreu.

[4]. Portugal swallowed her loss without much protest, there was no serious excitement in Brazil, and the Portuguese troops stationed in Brazil were shipped home without violence from more than one district.

[5]. Bought by the Rio Jornal do Commercio company at end of 1916 and now published as the Jornal do Commercio de São Paulo.