Beginners' botany

by L. H. Bailey

Fig. 302.—A Club-moss (Lycopodium complanatum).

INDEX

• Aborted seeds, [166].
• Abutilon, [156].
• Accessory fruit, [164], [169].
• Adaptation to environment, [6].
• Adventitious roots, [36];
• buds, [114].
• Aërial roots, [34].
• Aggregate fruit, [168].
• Air plants, [35].
• Akenes, [165].
• Algæ, [179], [183], [195].
• Alternation of generation, [179].
• Anemophilous, [149].
• Annual plant, [17].
• Anther, [135], [144], [180].
• Antheridium, [178], [186], [198], [200], [202], [203].
• Apical dehiscence, [166].
• Archegonium, [178], [198], [200], [202], [203].
• Arum family, [140].
• Ash, [92].
• Assimilation, [97].
• Axil, [112].
• Axis, plant, [15].
• Bacteria, [39], [109], [182].
• Barberry, [157], [193].
• Bark, [54], [66], [67].
• Bark-bound trees, [54].
• Bast, [61], [66].
• Bean, [20], [28], [39], [194].
• Berry, [167].
• Biennial plant, [17].
• Brace cells, [67].
• Bracts, [134].
• Branch, [111].
• Breeding, plant, [7], [8].
• Bryophytes, [181].
• Budding, [127], [128].
• Bud propagation, [181].
• Buds, [72], [82], [87], [111];
• flower, [115];
• fruit, [115].
• Burs, [172], [174].
• Bushes, [191].
• Cabbage, [113].
• Callus, [56].
• Calyx, [133].
• Cambium, [63], [65].
• Capsule, [165].
• Carbohydrate, [95].
• Carbon, [92].
• Carbon dioxide, [22], [93], [106].
• Carnivorous, [99].
• Carpel, [136].
• Castor bean, [24].
• Catkin, [158].
• Caulicle, [20], [22], [25].
• Cedar apple, [194].
• Cell, [42], [63], [145], [176].
• Chlorophyll, [86], [94], [101], [183], [186].
• Cladophylla, [100].
• Cleft graft, [126].
• Cleft leaf, [75].
• Cleistogamous, [151].
• Climbing plants, [129].
• Clover, [39].
• Club mosses, [203].
• Cluster, flower, [155], [159];
• centrifugal, [156], [159];
• centripetal, [156];
• indeterminate, [156].
• Colonies, plant, [11].
• Composite flowers, [140].
• Conjugation, [185].
• Cork, [66], [67].
• Corn, [3], [25], [26].
• Corolla, [133];
• funnel form, [138];
• labiate, [138];
• personate, [139];
• rotate, [138];
• salver form, [138].
• Cortex, [44].
• Corymb, [159].
• Cotton plant, [7].
• Cotyledon, [20].
• Cryptogam, [176], [180], [183-204].
• Currant, [157].
• Cuttings, [121], [123], [124].
• Cyme, [159], [160].
• Deciduous, [82].
• Decumbent, [50].
• Dehiscence, [144], [164].
• Deliquescent, [51].
• Dependent plants, [106].
• Dichogamy, [144].
• Dicotyledon, [20].
• Dicotyledonous stems, [61].
• Digestion, [95].
• Digitate, [74].
• Dimorphous, [144].
• Diœcious, [138], [170].
• Dispersal of seeds, [172].
• Dissection, [30].
• Dodder, [35], [106].
• Drupe, [168].
• Drupelet, [168].
• Ecology, [14].
• Elaters, [198].
• Embryo, [26], [180].
• Embryo sac, [180].
• Endodermis, [44].
• Endosperm, [21], [24].
• Entomophilous, [148].
• Environment, [6].
• Epicotyl, [23], [25].
• Epidermis, of leaf, [86], [87].
• Epigeal, [23].
• Epiphyte, [35], [110].
• Equisetums, [201].
• Essential organs, [135].
• Excurrent, [51].
• Explosive seeds, [172].
• Fermentation, [190].
• Fern, [176].
• Fertilization, [144];
• cross, [144], [146];
• self, [145], [147], [188].
• Fibro-vascular bundles, [61], [90].
• Field study, [3], [6], [8], [14], [19], [27], [46], [57], [71], [84], [91], [101], [110], [118], [128], [132], [143], [152], [162], [170], [174], [181].
• Filament, [135].
• Floral envelopes, [133].
• Florets, [140].
• Flower, [133], [180];
• apetalous, [136];
• clusters, [155];
• complete, [136];
• diclinous, [137];
• double, [142];
• imperfect, [137];
• incomplete, [136];
• lateral, [136];
• naked, [136];
• perfect, [137];
• pistillate, [137];
• regular, [138];
• staminate, [137];
• sterile, [137];
• solitary, [156];
• terminal, [156].
• Foliage, [16].
• Follicle, [165].
• Forestry, [68].
• Framework of plant, [15].
• Frond, [176], [178], [181].
• Fruit, [163].
• Fucus, [186].
• Funaria, [201].
• Fungi, [187].
• Fungus, [107], [108], [184], [187], [195].
• Gametophyte, [179].
• Gamopetalous, [134].
• Gamosepalous, [134].
• Generation of plants, [16].
• Geotropism, [44], [47].
• Germination, [22], [23], [27].
• Glomerule, [160].
• Grafting, [125].
• Grit cells, [67].
• Guard cells, [88].
• Gymnosperm, [26], [170].
• Hairs, [87].
• Herb, [17].
• Hilum, [21], [26].
• Hip, [168].
• Hollyhock, [147].
• Homologous, [134], [135].
• Host, [107].
• Haustoria, [107].
• Hyphæ, [107], [188].
• Hypocotyl, [22].
• Hypogeal, [23].
• Indehiscent, [164].
• Indusium, [177].
• Inflorescence, [155], [160].
• Internode, [52].
• Involucre, [34], [141], [163], [164].
• Iron, [39].
• Isoëtes, [203].
• Key fruit, [164].
• Laboratory, [3].
• Landscape, [13].
• Larkspur, [148], [149].
• Latex tubes, [67].
• Leaf, apex of, [80];
• base of, [80];
• function of, [92];
• margin of, [80];
• structure, [86].
• Leaf scar, [90].
• Leaves, arrangement of, [82];
• shapes of, [78], [85].
• Legume, [165].
• Legume family, [35], [169].
• Lenticel, [89].
• Lichens, [195].
• Ligneous, [17].
• Liverworts, [196].
• Lobes of leaf, [75].
• Locule, [136], [163], [166].
• Loculicidal dehiscence, [166].
• Lumber, [68].
• Lycopodium, [204].
• Macrospore, [203], [204].
• Marchantia, [196].
• Medullary ray, [64].
• Mesophyll, [86].
• Micropyle, [21], [26].
• Microspore, [203].
• Midrib, [77].
• Mint family, [139].
• Mistletoe, [109].
• Mould, [188].
• Monocotyledons, [20], [25], [63].
• Monœcious, [138], [150], [170].
• Mosses, [199].
• Moss, Spanish, [110].
• Mullein, [87].
• Muscadine, [36].
• Mushroom, [107], [194].
• Mycelium, [107], [108], [188].
• Mycorrhiza, [108].
• Natural selection, [8].
• Nectar, [148].
• Nitella, [187].
• Nitrogen, [39], [40].
• Nodes, [20], [52].
• Nodules, [39], [40].
• Nostoc, [184].
• Notebooks, [3].
• Nucleus, [144], [185].
• Nuts, [164].
• Oleander, [86].
• Oögonia, [186].
• Orchid, [35], [110].
• Oscillatoria, [184].
• Osmosis, [42], [48].
• Ovary, [135], [144], [163], [170].
• Overgrowth, [12].
• Ovule, [144], [186].
• Palisade cells, [86].
• Palmate, [74].
• Panicle, [158].
• Pappus, [141].
• Parasites, [107].
• Parenchyma, [60], [86].
• Pedicel, [162].
• Peduncle, [62].
• Peltate, [77].
• Perennial, [17].
• Pericarp, [164], [165], [169].
• Petals, [134].
• Petiole, [76].
• Phenogam, [177], [180].
• Photosynthesis, [94], [101].
• Phyllotaxy, [84].
• Pine cone, [27], [170].
• Pinna, [181].
• Pinnate, [74].
• Pinnatifid, [76].
• Pistil, [135].
• Plantain, [157].
• Plant societies, [9].
• Plants, unlikeness of, [9].
• Plumule, [20], [23], [25].
• Plur-annual, [18].
• Pod, [164].
• Pollen, [135], [144], [180].
• Pollination, [144], [145];
• artificial, [153].
• Polypetalous, [134].
• Polysepalous, [134].
• Polytrichum, [199].
• Pome, [169].
• Primrose, [140].
• Propagation by buds, [121].
• Prop-roots, [36].
• Proterandrous, [146].
• Proterogynous, [146].
• Prothallus, [178], [202].
• Protoplasm, [42], [94], [97], [185].
• Pruning, [105].
• Pseud-annual, [17].
• Pteridophytes, [181], [201], [203].
• Puffball, [194].
• Pyxis, [166].
• Quarter-sawed, [70].
• Receptacle, [134], [163].
• Respiration, in plants, [97], [103].
• Resting spore, [184], [185], [189], [191], [192].
• Rhizome, [52], [202].
• Root cap, [44].
• Root climber, [129].
• Root hairs, [41], [42], [46].
• Rootlet, [41].
• Root pressure, [99], [104].
• Roots, and air, [41];
• forms of, [32];
• function, [38];
• structure, [38], [43];
• systems, [32].
• Rust, [192].
• Samara, [164].
• Sap, [67].
• Saprophyte, [107], [108].
• Scape, [161].
• Scion, [125].
• Scouring rush, [203].
• Scramblers, [129].
• Seed, [20], [163], [180];
• coat, [21].
• Selaginella, [204].
• Selection, natural, [8];
• artificial, [8].
• Sepal, [133], [169].
• Septicidal capsule, [166].
• Sessile, [77].
• Shelf fungus, [194].
• Shrub, [19].
• Sieve tubes, [66].
• Silicle, [167].
• Silique, [167].
• Societies, [9].
• Soil, [40], [47].
• Soredia, [196].
• Sori, [177], [192].
• Spadix, [140].
• Spathe, [138], [140].
• Spermatophytes, [180].
• Spike, [157].
• Spirogyra, [184].
• Sporangium, [177], [186], [188], [201], [203], [204].
• Spore, [176], [178], [181], [184].
• Sporophyll, [180], [201].
• Sporophyte, [177].
• Stamen, [135].
• Starch, [95], [101].
• Stem, [49];
• endogenous, [59];
• exogenous, [61];
• kinds of, [49].
• Stigma, [135], [144], [145].
• Stipule, [76], [84].
• Stock, [125].
• Stomate, [87].
• Stone fruit, [168].
• Storage of food, [99].
• Struggle to live, [4], [6].
• Style, [135], [163].
• Summer-spore, [191].
• Sun energy, [95].
• Survival of fittest, [7].
• Swarm-spores, [186].
• Symbiosis, [196].
• Syngenesious, [141].
• Teleutospores, [192].
• Tendril, [101].
• Thallophyte, [181], [184].
• Thallus, [184], [197].
• Thorns, [101].
• Thyrse, [160].
• Tillandsia, [110].
• Timber, decay of, [195].
• Tissue, [60], [62].
• Toadstool, [194].
• Torus, [134], [169].
• Tracheid, [65].
• Transpiration, [98], [103].
• Twiners, [129], [131].
• Umbel, [159].
• Undergrowth, [12].
• Valve, [164].
• Variation, [2].
• Vaucheria, [186].
• Verticellate, [84].
• Water-pore, [88].
• Wheat rust, [192].
• Whiteweed or ox-eye daisy, [155].
• Whorled, [84].
• Willow mildew, [190].
• Wind travelers, [173].
• Woody fibre, [17].
• Wounds of plants, [56].
• Yeast plants, [190].
• Zygnema, [185].
• Zygospore, [185], [189].

GLOSSARY

accessory or reinforced fruits are those in which the ripened pericarp is combined with other parts, as with the torus or the calyx.

adventitious. Coming by chance or without order, as the sprouts that arise where a limb is cut off.

aggregate fruits are those in which several distinct pistils cohere to form one body, as in blackberry, raspberry, mulberry.

akene or achene. A one-seeded indehiscent fruit, usually small and seed-like.

analogous. Like to, in function or use. See [homologous].

anemophilous. Said of flowers that are pollinated by the wind.