blade. The expanded part of a leaf.

bract. A small or much-reduced leaf, often a mere scale.

calyx. The outer row or series in the floral envelope. The outer “leaves” of the flower, usually green.

cambium. Growth tissue, lying between the bark-part and wood-part of the fibro-vascular bundle and giving rise to the cells of both.

capsule. A pod consisting of two or more carpels or parts, usually opening naturally.

carbohydrate. The compounds of the starch and sugar class.

carpel. One part or member of a compound pistil, or a simple pistil itself.

catkin or ament. A raceme-like or spike-like flower-cluster that falls away after flowering or fruiting, as of willows and staminate flower-clusters of walnuts and birches.

centrifugal. From the inside out; as a flower-cluster of which the inside, terminal, or uppermost flowers open first; a determinate cluster.

centripetal. From the outside in; as a flower-cluster of which the outer flowers open first; an indeterminate cluster.