By propagating by seed, new and excellent varieties are raised. Sow the seeds in April or May, and in a slight hot-bed or in a greenhouse. Also propagated by layering, which should be done at the end of July or the beginning of August. The shoots selected should be denuded of a few of their leaves at the base of the young wood, and a slit must be made from this point upwards, extending through a joint of the bare stem, so that a tongue is formed.
Increased also by cuttings. It is necessary to have a slight bottom heat, and on it put four or five inches of light soil, covered with clean sand. The cuttings must be long enough to have a tolerably firm base, and they must either be taken with a heel or cut off at a joint, and firmly inserted in the soil. This is the ordinary method. See [Fig. 52], b.
Carob, Algaroba, or St. John’s Bread (Ceratonia siliqua). Leguminosæ.
Stocks are obtained by seeds. The seeds are often treated to scalding water before sowing, in the same manner as locust seeds. Varieties are grafted or budded on the seedlings, or they may be multiplied by means of hard-wood cuttings in frames.
Carpinus (Hornbeam). Cupuliferæ.
Increased by seeds, which vegetate irregularly. Varieties propagated by budding or grafting.
Carpodinus. Apocynaceæ.
Propagated easily from cuttings of half-ripened shoots.
Carrion Flower. See [Stapelia].