Test Pits: Rectilinear pits dug during excavation of a [site] (see [Archaeological Testing]). The [archaeologist] works with square or rectangular pits because they aid in keeping records of changes in soil types and other variables with depth. Extensive records, drawings and maps are kept of [test pits]. The function of the [test pit] is to provide a sample of a site’s contents at a particular point.
Test Trenches: Serving much the same function as a [test pit], the [test trench] give a more continuous record of a [site]’s contents over a larger distance than a pit. Trenches are useful for tracing [stratigraphy] (see definition) over distance.
APPENDIX I
There are several organizations that encourage interest and education in [archaeology] by members of the public. Some of these organizations are listed below.
The first is the Texas Archaeological Society, Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285. This society is composed of avocational archaeologists from all walks of life. It holds an annual meeting in the fall during which members present papers on various aspects of Texas [archaeology]. Each summer the society also organizes a field school where members can participate in excavation of an archaeological [site] under the supervision of a professional [archaeologist]. The society also publishes a high-quality bulletin about Texas archaeology.
Another organization that promotes [archaeology] is the Archaeological Institute of America. This organization has its national headquarters in Washington, D.C., and schedules national lecture tours by archaeologists who visit local chapters in major cities. The lectures are offered six times a year, and present the results of archaeological investigations world-wide.
In addition, local or county archaeological societies can be contacted for information about [archaeology] in Texas. If such an organization does not currently exist in your community, perhaps you could start one!
Discovery of archaeological remains, particularly destruction of archaeological properties, deserves official attention. To report such events and to obtain information about the State’s efforts in protecting archaeological and historical resources, contact: Texas Historical Commission, P.O. Box 12276, Capitol Station, Austin, TX, 78711.
FOOTNOTES
[1]Terms in italics are defined in [Glossary] at end of report.