I. Development of the Law of Nations before Grotius

37. No Law of Nations in Antiquity [45]

38. The Jews [46]

39. The Greeks [49]

40. The Romans [50]

41. No need for a Law of Nations during the Middle Ages [53]

42. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries [54]

II. Development of the Law of Nations after Grotius

43. The time of Grotius [59]

44. The period 1648-1721 [61]