A History of Babylon, from the Foundation of the Monarchy to the Persian Conquest

by L. W. King

II. A DYNASTIC LIST OF THE KINOS OF BABYLON (continued).

---

INDEX
A-DARA-KALAMA, king of Second
Dynasty, [202]; in List, [320]
Abba-dugga, priest of Lagash, [147]
Abbasid Caliphate, [11]
Abi-eshu', king of First Dynasty,
105, [205] f.; letters of, [171], [192];
in List, [320]
Abi-eshu' Canal, [205]
Abi-rattash, king of Third Dynasty,
217 f.; in List, [320]
Abi-sarê, king of Larsa, [89] f., [147];
in List, [318]
Abraham, [305]
Abû Habba, [134], [143]
Abû Hatab, [85]
Abydenus, [115], [280]
Abydos, [235]
Achæmenian kings, [2], [8], [285] ff., [321]
Actæon, [290]
Adab, [159], [213]
Adad, [148], [256]; reading of name of,
150; representations of, [266], [271];
see also E-namkhe, E-ugalgal
Adad-aplu-iddina, king of Fourth
Dynasty, [256] f.; in List, [321]
Adad-nirari I., king of Assyria, [243];
in List, [320]
Adad-nirari III., king of Assyria, [259]
Adad-nirari IV., king of Assyria, [265]
Adad-rabi, of Nippur, [102]
Adad-shar-ilâni, Kassite ambassador, [238]
Adad-shum-iddin, king of Third
Dynasty, [244]; in List, [320]
Adad-shum-usur, king of Third
Dynasty, [244]; in List, [320]
Addis, Rev. W. E., [62]
Aden, [121]
Adhem, [212]
Adini, Chaldean ruler, [263]
Adonis, [290], [304] f.
Adoption, laws of, [185]
Ae-aplu-usur, king of Seventh
Dynasty, [258]; in List, [321]
Africa, [120]
Agade, see Akkad
Agriculture, Babylonian, [167] ff.
Agum I., king of Third Dynasty,
217; in List, [320]
Agum, son of Kashtiliash I., [217] f.
Agum-kakrime, king of Third
Dynasty, [210], [218], [241], [290];
genealogy of, [217]; in List, [320]
Ahîmer, mounds of, [143]
Aia, goddess, [261]
Aia-khegallum Canal, [153]
Aibur-shabû, [30]
Ak-su, [212]
'Akarḳûf, [15]
Akarsallu, [243]
Akhenaten (Amen-hetep IV.), king
of Egypt, [219]; letters to, [220], [222];
policy of, [222]; and the Hittites, [234]
Akhetaten, in Egypt, [219]
Akhetaten, in Canaan, [225]
Akhlamî, [260]
Akia, Kassite ambassador, [225]
Akkad, [3], [10] f., [118] f., [148] f.; in
astrology, [140]; as geographical
term, [244]
Akkad (Agade), [159]; see also Ishtar
Akshimakshu, rebel leader, [286]
Akur-ul-ana, king of Second Dynasty,
[202]; in List, [320]
Al-Bît-shar-Bâbili, [41]
Al-'Irâkân, [10]
Al-'Irâkayn, [10]
Al-Madâin, [9]
Alabaster jars, manufacture of, [41]
Alcinous, [309]
Aleppo, [14] f., [152]
Alexander, the Great, [7] f., [73], [115] f.,
287; in List, [321]
Alman, [218]
Alorus, [115]
Altars, Babylonian, [61] f., [64], [66], [69]:
Hebrew, [62]
Alyattes, king of Lydia, [279], [282]
Amal, [204]
Amanus, Alt., [262]
Amarna, in Syria, [127]
Amarna, in Egypt; see Tell el-Amarna
Amasis, king of Egypt, [278]
Amêl-Marduk, king of Babylon, [280]; in List, [321]
Amen-hetep III., king of Egypt,
[219] ff., [230], [233]; letters of, [220] f.
Amen-hetep IV., king of Egypt, [111],
[219]; see also Akhenaten
Ammi-baïl, king of Khana, [129] f.
Ammi-ditana, king of First Dynasty,
[84], [206] ff.; estimate of, [205]; letter
of, [191]; in List, [320]
Ammi-ditana Canal, [207]
Ammi-zaduga, king of First Dynasty,
[107] ff, [116] f., [206], [209]; letters of,
[168]; in List, [320]
Ammi-zaduga-nukhush-nishi Canal, [210]
Ammon, [293]
Amorite migration, [119] f.
Amorites, raids of, [136], [182], [204] f.
Amos, [313]
Amraphel, king of Shinar, [159]
Amurru, West-Semitic god, [150]
Amurru, the Western Semites, [119] f.,
[125] f., [136], [152], [157], [203], [210], [237],
[255]; in astrology, [140]; their
quarter in Sippar, [207]
Amursha-Dagan, of Khana, [131]
An-am, king of Erech, [211] f.
Anana, [23]
Anatolia, [128]
Andrae, W., [23], [25], [28], [33], [53], [64] f.,
[68], [71], [137]
Animal forms, in Babylonian mythology, [297] f.
Animism, [299]
Anna-Bêl, [287]
Anshan, in Elam, [282]
Ante-chambers, to shrines, [64]
Antinous, [309]
Antiochus Soter, [287]
Anu, [95], [155], [144], [146]; see also E-anna
Aphrodite, [290], [304] f.
Apil-Sin, king of First Dynasty, [136],
[149] f.; in List, [319] f.
Appeal, right of, [185]
Apries, king of Egypt, [277] f.
Apsû, god of the abyss, [206]
Arab conquest, of Mesopotamia, [10]
Arabia, as cradle of the Semites,
[119] f.; physiographical features
of, [120] ff.; Southern, [121]
Arabian coast, [6]
Arabians, as nomads, [121] ff.
Arad-Nannar, father-in-law of Rîm-Sin, [156]
Arad-shasha, king of Erech, [212]
Arad-sibitti, [258] f.
Arakha, rebel leader, [286]
Arakhab, Sumerian leader, [208]
Arakhtu Canal, [205], [207]; later employment
of name, [34], [36]
Arakhtu-wall, [74]
Aramean migration, [120]
Arameans, raids by, [4], [258] f., [264] f.;
and Assyria, [260]; and the Sutû,256
Arched doorway, in Babylon, [39]
Arches, in vaulted building, [47]
Architecture, Babylonian, [19]; religious,
[63], [66]; military, [63], [66] f.
Ardashir I., founder of Sassanian Empire, [9]
Ardys, king of Lydia, [279]
Argives, [293]
Argos, [290]
Ari-Teshub, Mitannian name, [139]
Aries, [293]
Arioch, king of Ellasar, [159]
Aristotle, [116]
Arkum, [204]
Armenia, I, [262], [265]; see also Urartu
Arnuanta, Hittite king, [240] f.
Arsacidæ, [9]
Arses, king of Persia, [321]
Artaxerxes I., Longimanus, king of Persia, [321]
Artaxerxes II., Mnemon, king of Persia, [21], [321]
Artaxerxes III., Ochus, king of Persia, [321]
Artemis, [290]
Aruna, Hittite town, [227]
Aryans, as horse-keepers, [216]
Arzawa, Hittite kingdom of, [230]
Ashdod, [132]
Ashduni-erim, king of Kish, [143] f.
Ashera, [307]
Ashir, god of Ashur, [139]; see also Ashur
Ashir-rîm-nishêshu, king of Assyria, [139];
see also Ashur-rîm-nishêshu
Ashnunnak, [157], [218]; see also Tupliash
Ashratum, [150]
Ashukhi Canal, [143]
Ashur, city, [21], [157] ff.;
discoveries at, [20], [137] if.;
early inhabitants of, [128], [140]
Ashur-bani-pal, king of Assyria, [8], [31], [73], [113], [271] ff.
Ashur-bêl-kala, king of Assyria, [254], [256]
Ashur-dân I., king of Assyria, [244]; in List, [320]
Ashur-etil-ilâni, king of Assyria, [273]; in List, [321]
Ashur-nadin-shum, king of Babylon, [270]; in List, [321]
Ashur-naṣir-pal, king of Assyria, [257] ff; policy of, [262]
Ashur-rêsh-ishi, king of Assyria, [112], [255]
Ashur-rîm-nishêshu, king of Assyria,
[242]; in List, [320]
Ashur-uballit, king of Assyria, [222] f.,
[243]; in List, [320]
Asiru, father of Pukhia, [212]
Ass, as beast of burden, [122], [183], [215]
Assault, penalties for, [105]
Assyria, expansion of, [12], [205]; and
Babylon, [3] f., [157], [241] ff., [273];
and Egypt, [210], [209], [272] f.; and
Mitanni, [220] f., [241]; and the
Hittites, [239], [241], [243]
Assyrian settlements, in Cappadocia, [227]
Assyrians, racial character of, [141]
Astarte worship, centres of, [290]
Astrologers, Babylonian, [189]; Greek, [292]
Astrological texts, [140]
Astrology, [291] f., [299] f.
Astronomical omens, [100] f.
Astronomy, Babylonian, [289], [311] ff.
Astyages, king of Media, [282]
Aten, Egyptian cult of, [219], [223]
Athene, [309]
Atlila, in Zamua, [259]
Atreus, [292] f.
Attica, [290]
Aushpia, founder of temple of Ashir, [139]
Aÿ, Egyptian priest, [223]
Azariah, [14]
Aziru, Syrian prince, [234]
BA'ALÎM, of Canaan, [126]; of Khana, [131]
Bâb Bêlti, [40].
Bâb-ilî, [14], [28]
Babel, Tower of, [15]
Babil, mound of, [14] ff., [22], [27]; in plan, [23]
Babylon, strategic position of, [4] ff.;
remains of, [14] ff.; walls of, [21] ff,
[29] ff.; size of, [27]; plans of, [10], [23]
Babylonia, climate of, [40], [170]; fertility
of, [167]; names for, [244];
political centre of gravity in, [3], [9]
Babylonian Chronicle, [265]
Babylonian language, I, [218] f.
Baghdad, [5], [11], [14] f., [17], [22]
Bahrein, [6]
Baka, in Sukhi, [266]
Bakâni, [263]
Ball, Rev. C. J., [37]
Banti-shinni, Amorite prince, [237] f.
Bardiya, [285]
Barges, Babylonian, [180] f.
Barter, [196]
Barzi, [149]
Baṣra, [9] f., [11]
Baṣu, [153], [155]
Battlements, in architecture, [67]
Bau, goddess, [297]
Bau-akhi-iddina, king of Eighth
Dynasty, [265]; in List, [321]
Bavian, [112]
Be'er-sheba', [307]
Bees, in Sukhi, [260] f.
Behistun, [286]
Bêl, taking hands of, [38], [296]
Bêl-aplu-iddin, Babylonian general, [260]
Bêl-ibni, king of Babylon. [270]; in List, [321]
Bêl-nadin-[akhi], king of Third
Dynasty, [245]; in List, [320]
Bêl-shalti-Nannar, daughter of Nabonidus, [281]
Bêl-shar-usur, see Belshazzar
Bêl-shemeà, [212]
Bêl-shum-ishkun, father of Neriglissar, [280]
Bêl-simanni, rebel leader, [286]
Belshazzar, [282] ff.
Benjamin, of Tudela, [14] f.
Bentresh, Hittite princess, [240]
Berossus, [47], [280], [301]; history of, [106];
dynasties of, [114] ff.
Beuyuk Kale, [230]
Bevan, Prof. A. A., [305]
Bevan, E. R., [7], [280]
Bewsher, Lieut. J. B., [17]
Bezold, Prof. C., [72], [107], [110], [219]
Bird, of Bau, [297]
Birds, as foundation-deposits, [63]
Birizzarru, West-Semitic month, [131]
Birs-Nimrûd, [15], [22]; see also El-Birs,
Borsippa
Bismâya, [20], [138]
Bît-Adini, [260]
Bît-Bazi, [257]
Bît-Iakin, [269]
Bît-Karkara, [152] f., [159]
Bît-Karziabku, [253]
Bît-Khadippi, [260]
Bît-Pir-Shadû-rabû, [248]
Bît-rêsh, [287]
Bît-Sikkamidu, [249]
Bitti-Dagan, of Khana, [132]
Black Sea, [5]
Bliss, F. J., [125]
Bloomfield, Prof. M.. [227]
Boat-builders, [180]
Boatmen, [180] f.
Boats, of Khonsu, [238] ff.
Boghaz Keui, [219], [230]; letters from,
[219] f., [239] f.; see also Khatti
Boissier, A., [133], [154] f., [286]
Borsippa, [60], [159], [259], [263] f.;
temple-tower of, [77] f.; plan of, [16]
Bosanquet, R. H. M., [106]
Botta, Emil, [18]
Boundary-stones, [241], [244] ff., [252]
Breach of promise, of marriage, [186]
Breasted, Prof. J. H., [111], [133], [219],
[222], [235], [240]
Breccia, for paving, [59]
Bribery, punishment for, [189]
Bride-price, [186]
Bridge, over Euphrates, [47], [60], [74] f.,
[81]; over canal, [37]
Bridge-building, [249]
Bridges-of-boats, [81], [202], [264]
Bronze age, at Carchemish, [128]
Bronze-casting, [207]
Bronze step, from E-zida, [27], [77]
Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, [111], [150],
[176], [219], [235], [241]
Builders, responsibilities of, [184]
Building, art of, [19] f.
Bull, in mythology, [55], [294], [303]; in
symbolism, [298]
Bulls, enamelled, [50] f.
Bunutakhtun-ila, vassal-ruler of Sippar, [143]
Bûr-Sin II., king of Nîsin, [147]; in List, [318]
Burial, Neo-Babylonian, [66] f.
Burna-Burariash, see Burna-Buriash [217]
Burna-Buriash, king of Third Dynasty, [242] f.;
date of, [110] f.; letters
from, [220] ff.; in List, [320]
Burna-Buriash, Kassite chieftain, [217]
Burney, Prof. C. F., [290], [292], [307]
Burrows, Prof. R. M., [293]
Burusha, jewel-worker, [259]
Bury, G. W., [121]
Byblos, [290]
CALENDAR, regulation of, [189] f.
Callisthenes, [116]
Cambyses, king of Persia, [285]; in List, [321]
Camel, introduction of, [122]
Canaan, I; inhabitants of, [119] f.,
[124] ff.; civilization of, [124] ff.;
Egyptian conquest of, [219]
Canaanites, and Babylon, [224] f.
Canals, repair of, [170] f.
Cancer, constellation, [301]
Cappadocia, [3] f., [227]
Capricorn, constellation, [301]
Caravans, [182] f., [225], [237]
Carchemish, [128] f., [182], [227], [260], [262];
Battle of, [277]; excavations at, [127]
Carchemisian, pottery-name, [128]
Castor, star, [310]
Cedar, in construction,

[40], [52], [141], [263]
Central Citadel, of Babylon, [28]
Cerealia, [307]
Chaldea, [262] ff, [270]
Chaldeans, [257], [263] f.; of Nagitu, [270]
Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, [159]
Chief-baker, [305]
Chief-butler, [305]
Chiera, E., [92] ff, [102], [104], [150] ff, [155] f., [204]
China, Great Wall of, [21]; city-sites in, [22]
Chronicles, [210]
Chronology, [87] ff, [117] f.
Cilicia, [230], [262]
Cilician Gates, [4] f.
Cimmerians, [269], [275], [279]
Citadel, character of Babylonian, [27]
Class privileges, [164] f.
Clay, Prof. A. T., [91], [99], [150], [156],
[245], [254], [282]; discoveries of,
[89] f., [94] ff, [148], [163], [287]
Code, of Hammurabi, [160] f., [252];
Prologue of, [158] f.; Sumerian, [163], [299]
Collingwood, Lieut. W., [17]
Columns, in decoration, [44]
Combe, E., [164]
Commercial life, [181] f., [195], [207], [237], [285] ff.
Condamin, Père A., [129]
Contracts, [41], [109], [163], [183]
Copper, ratio of, to silver, [211]
Corvée,[193], [249], [253]
Courts, of justice, [40] f.; of palace, [28], [30], [40] f.
Cowell, P. H., [257]
Craig, Prof. J. A., [107]
Creation legends, [195], [306]
Crœsus, king of Lydia, [282]
Ctesias, [21], [24], [47]
Ctesiphon, [5], [9], [11]
Cult-images, of kings, [206]
Cumont, Prof. Franz, [292], [312]
Cuq, Prof. Edouard, [247], [250]
Curses, on boundary-stones, [246] f.
Curtius Rufus, [47], [49]
Cuthah, [146] f., [149], [159], [263]
Cyaxares, king of Media, [276], [278] f.
Cylinder-seals, [127] f., [261], [271], [298] f.
Cyprus, [290]
Cyrene, [278]
Cyrus, king of Persia, [282] ff., [286]; in List, [321]
DAGAN, [131], [136], [159]
Dagan-takala, Canaanite prince, [132]
Dagon, god of Ashdod, [132];
as Ba'al of Khana, [131];
cult of, on Euphrates, [132]
Damascus, [11], [120], [262]
Damik-Adad, in Akkad, [249]
Damik-ilishu, king of Nîsin, [93] f.,
[97], [101], [153] ff., [209]; in List, [319]
Damki-ilishu, king of Second Dynasty, [208] f.;
in List, [320]
Darius I. Hystaspis, king of Persia, [7], [285] f.;
in List, [321]
Darius II., king of Persia, [321]
Darius III., Codomanus, king of
Persia, [287]; in List, [321]
Date-formulæ, [190]
Date-palm, cultivation of, [177]
David, [307]
Davies, N. de G., [223]
De Sarzec, E., [138]
Deification of kings, [206]
Dêlem, [141]
Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich, [6], [33], [35],
[139], [151], [244]
Deluge, [114] f.
Deportation, Assyrian policy of, [267] f.
Dêr, or Dûr-ilu, [145], [244], [253], [269]
Dêr ez-Zôr, [129] f.
Dhorme, Père Paul, [281]
Diarbekr, [5]
Dieulafoy, Marcel, [80] f.
Dilbat, [141] f., [159]; site of, [141]
Dilmun, [6]
Diodorus, [48] f., [81]
Diorite, from Magan, [6]
Dioscuri, [303]
Disease, Babylonian conception of, [194]
Divination, [299]; lamb for, [206]
Divorce, laws of, [185] f.
Dog, of Gula, [297]; votive figure of, [147]
Double-dates, at Nîsin, [94] ff.
Draco, constellation, [292]
Dragon, of Marduk, [55], [261];
of Nabû, [79]; of the deep, [195]
Dragon-combat, [306]
Dragons, of chaos, [195], [306];
enamelled, [51] f.; bronze, [52]
Drainage, Babylonian system of, [45]
Driver, Prof. S. R., [126]
Drowning, as penalty, [185]
Dudkhalia, Hittite king, [160], [240]
Dungi, king of Ur, [145]
Dûr-Abi-eshu', on Tigris, [205]
Dûr-Ammi-ditana, on Zilakum Canal, [207]
Dûr-Ammi-zaduga, on Euphrates, [209]
Dûr-Ashur, in Zarnua, [259]
Dûr-Enlil, in Sea-Country, [217]
Dûr-Cula-dûru, in Akkad, [148]
Dûr-gurgurri, on Tigris, [151], [189], [191]
Dûr-Iabugani, in Akkad, [148]
Dûr-ilu; see Dêr
Dûr-Kurigalzu, in Akkad, [218], [256]
Dûr-Lagaba, in Akkad, [148]
Dûr-muti, [149]
Dûr-Padda, in Akkad, [148]
Dûr-Papsukal, [204]
Dûr-Sin-muballit, [153]
Dûr-Sin-muballit-abim-walidia, [158]
Dûr-uṣi-ana-Ura, in Akkad, [148]
Dûr-Zakar, fortress of Nippur, [147] f., [204]
Dushratta, king of Mitanni, [221], [234]
Dwellings, arrangement of, [41] f.
E-ANNA, temple of Anu and Ishtar
at Erech, [159], [211], [287]
E-anna-shum-iddina, governor of
Sea-Country, [255] f.
E-apsû, temple of Enki at Eridu, [158]
E-babbar, temple of Shamash at
Sippar, [110], [149], [159], [201]
E-babbar, temple of Shamash at
Larsa, [151], [159]
E-galmakh, temple at Nîsin, [159]
E-gishshirgal, temple of Sin at Ur, [159], [200];
temple of Sin at Babylon, [206]
E-ibianu, temple, [149]
E-kankal, temple of Lugal-banda and
Ninsun at Erech, [211]
E-khulkhul, temple of Sin at Harran, [276]
E-kiku, temple of Ishtar at Babylon, [149]
E-kua, shrine of Marduk in E-sagila, [72]
E-kur, temple of Enlil at Nippur, [158]
E-kur-shum-ushabshi, priest, [261]
E-makh, temple of Nininakh in
Babylon, [61] ff., [65];
ground-plan of, [64];
in plans, [23], [83]
E-makh, temple at Adab, [159];
E-malga-uruna, temple of Enlil at
Dûr-Enlil, [217] f.
E-meslam, temple of Nergal at
Cuthah, [149], [159]
E-mete-ursag, temple of Zamama at Kish, [159]
E-mishmish, temple of Ishtar at Nineveh, [159]
E-namkhe, temple of Adad at Babylon, [155]
E-namtila, temple, [209]
E-ninnû, temple of Ningirsu at
Lagash, [153], [159], [299]
E-patutila, temple of Ninib at Babylon, [23];
ground-plan of, [71]
E sagil-shadûni, reputed father of usurper, [250]
E-sagila, temple of Marduk at Babylon,
28 f., [37], [80] f., [142], [149], [158],
283 f., [280] f.; remains of, [71] ff.;
excavation of, [20] f.; orientation
of, [69]; plan of, [74]; restoration of,
[75]; in plan, [23]
E-temen-anki, temple-tower of E-sagila,
[38], [60], [73] ff.; plan of, [74];
restoration of, [75]; in plan, [23];
see also Tower of Babylon
E-ugalgal, temple of Adad at Bît-Karkara, [159]
E-ulmash, temple of Ishtar at Akkad (Agade), [159]
E-ulmash-shakin-shum, king of Sixth
Dynasty, [257]; in List, [321]
E-zida, temple of Nabû at Borsippa,
[16], [78] f., [159], [279]; plan of, [78];
bronze step from, [27], [77]
Ea, [73], [297]; see also Enki
Ea-gamil, king of Second Dynasty,
[211] f., [217]; in List, [202]
Ea-mukîn-zêr, king of Fifth Dynasty, [257];
in List, [321]
Ea-nadin-[...], possibly king of
Fourth Dynasty, [255]
Ecbatana, [8], [286]
Eclipses, solar, [257], [279]
Ecliptic constellations, [310] f.
Edina, in S. Babylonia, [255]
Egypt, I, [4], [38], [41], [219] ff.; and
Canaan, [120] f., [219]; and Syria,
276 f.; and Assyria, [269], [272]; and
Lydia, [283]; and Persia, [285]; and
the Hittites, [234] ff.; as Asiatic
power, [219] ff.; irrigation in, [172];
boundary-records of, [247]; in early
Christian writings, [305]
Ekallâti, [256]
Ekron, [270]
El-Birs, [15]; see also Birs-Nimrûd
El-Ohêmir, see Aḥimer
Elam, [7] f., [133], [315]; and the Western
Semites, [7], [150] ff.; and the later
Kassites, [244], [252]; in alliance
with Babylon, [264], [209], [272]; trade
of, [5], [181]; importations from,
[207]; goddesses of, [296]; systems
of writing in, [2]; in astrology, [140]
Eldred, John, [14] f.
Electra, of Euripides, [293]
Elijah, [307]
Eltekeh, [270]
Emblems, divine, [55], [79], [297];
on boundary-stones, [246] f.
Emisu, king of Larsa, [89] f., [134]; in List, [318]
Emutbal, [150], [154], [157], [198], [200]
Enamelled brickwork, [43]
Enamelling, process of, [57]
Enannatum, chief priest in Ur, [135]
Enki, [95], [155], [297]; see also Ea, E-apsû
Enlil, [95], [194]; cult of, at Babylon,
[155], [206]; see aluo E-kur,
E-malga-uruna, Nippur
Enlil-bani, king of Nîsin, [148], [150]; in List, [319]
Enlil-kudur-usur, king of Assyria, [244]; in List, [320]
Enlil-nadin-apli, king of Fourth
Dynasty, [112], [254] f.; in List, [320]
Enlil-nadin-shum, king of Third
Dynasty, [244]; tablets of time of, [84]; in List, [320]
Enlil-nirari, king of Assyria, [243]; in List, [320]
Entemena, patesi of Lagash, [246];
cult of deified, [206]
Ephesus, [5]
Equinoxes, precession of, [312]
Erba-Murduk, king of Eighth
Dynasty, [264], [269]; in List, [321]
Erech, [11], [113], [135], [147], [155], [159],
[198] f., [287]; local dynasty of, [211];
Neo-Babylonian letter from, [281]
Ereshkigal, [304]
Eridu, [135], [147], [152] f., [155], [158];
oracle of, [153], [158]
Esarhaddon, [139], [269], [271] f.;
Babylonian policy of, [271], [273];
Black-Stone of, [176]; in List, [321]
Etana, [290] f.
Ethics, Babylonian, [2]
Euphrates, [4] f., [185]; change in course
of, [30], [37] f., [58]; West Semitic
settlements on, [157], [159]; canalization
of, [156]; irrigation on, [173] f.
Euphrates route, [4], [8]
Euripides, [293], [311]
Europe, Babylonian influence on, [12], [289]
Euryalus, [309]
Eurymachus [309]
Eusebius, [114] f., [116], [276], [280]
Evil spirit, possession by, [240]
Exchange, medium of, [196]
Exorcist, Babylonian, [240]
Expansion-joint, in building, [19]
Ezekiel, [62], 304
FAÇADE, of Nebuchadnezzar's Throne Room, 43 f.
Faluja, [14]
Family-life, in Babylonia, [184] ff.
Fâra, [85], [300]
Farming, Babylonian, [108] f.
Farnell, Dr. L. R., [314]
Feast, of New Year, [190], [254], [259], [296], [302], [308]
Fetish, [294]
Fillets, in temple-decoration, [63]
Fishes, constellation, [310] f.
Fishing-rights, [171]
Flocks, tribute of, [168]
Fortification-walls, [28], [32] f.; drainage of, [46]
Foundation-deposits, [63]
Foxes, with firebrands, [307]
Frank, O., [176]
Frankincense, [62]
Frazer, Sir J. G., [290], [305], [307]
Fries, Dr. Carl, [308] f.
GABBARU-IBNI, in Sukhi, [266]
Gagûm, Cloister of Sippar, [154], [207]
Gate-house, of palace, [40]
Gate-sockets, [63], [246]
Gates, of Babylon, [27]
Gaddash, see Gandash
Gandash, founder of Third Dynasty, [216]; in List, [320]
Garrison-duty, [192]
Garstang, Prof. John, [230]
Gaugamela, [287]
Gaumata, the Magian, [285] f.
Gaza, [282]
Genesis, [159] f., [305]
Geshtinna, goddess of the plough, [176]
Gezer, [126]
Gift, deeds of, [129] ff.
Gilead, [305]
Gilgamesh, [212], [308]; legends of, [290]
Gimil-ilishu, king of Nîsin, [134]; in List, [318]
Girsu, [152] f., [155], [159]
Glacial epoch, [124]
Goat-fish, of Enki, [297]
Gobryas, governor of Gutium, [283];
see also Gubaru
Golden Age, of Hesiod, [302]
Golden Lamb, legend of, [292] f., [311]
Goliath, [307]
Grain-drill, Babylonian, [176]
Granary, at Babylon, [158]
Greece, and Babylon, [12], [287], [290], [314];
and Persia, [286] f.
Greek mythology, Babylonian influence on, [12], [289], [315]
Greek names, as privilege, [287]
Greek theatre, at Babylon, [287]
Grooves, stepped, in temple-decoration, [63]
Gubaru, Babylonian general, [281];
governor of Gutuim, [281], [283] f.
Gudea, patesi of Lagash, [6], [298]
Gufa, prototype of, [179] f.
Gula, [297]
Gulkishar, king of Second Dynasty,
112 f., [202], [212]; in List, [320]
Gungunum, king of Larsa, [89] f.,
135 f.; in List, [318]
Gunkell, Prof. H., [300]
Gutium, [139], [218], [283]
Gutschmid, A. von, [115]
Gypsum-plaster, as decoration, [43]
HADES, [308]
Hagen, O. E., [283]
Hakluyt, Richard, [15]
Halius, [309]
Hall, H. P., [111], [126], [160],

[219], [235], [277]
Halys, [5], [229], [279]
Hammam, in Syria, [127]
Hammurabi, king of First Dynasty,
[89] f., [99] ff., [103], [128], [130], [153] ff,
[156] f., [290]: character of, [100] f.;
empire of, [158] f.; Babylon of, [20],
[84] ff.; palace of, [86]; Code of, [154],
[158] f., [161] ff., [252]; letters of, [181],
[188] ff.; date of, [94], [110] f.; period
of, [39], [162] ff., [315]; in Lists, [319] f.
Hammurabi-khegallum Canal, [155]
Hammurabi-nukhush-nishi Canal, [158]
Hammurabih, king of Khana, [130]
Hananiah, [14]
Handcock, P. S. P., [120]
Hanging Gardens, of Babylon, [40] ff., [279]
Harbour, of Babylon, [30]
Harp, Sumerian, [298]
Harran, [270], [282]
Harûn-ar-Rashîd, [11]
Hastings, Dr. James, [102]
Haverfield, Prof. F. J., [22]
Hebrew religion, [12]; traditions. [159]; law, [299]
Hebrews, altars of, [62]: and Babylonian mythology, [280]
Helios, [307]
Hera, [290]
Heracles, [290]
Herds, tribute of, [108]
Herdsmen, Babylonian, [108] f.
Herodotus. [4] f., [15], [21] f., [24], [20] f.,
[38], [61] f., [72], [76] f., [81], [85], [167], [177],
[179], [270], [279]
Hesiod, [302]
Heuzey, Léon. [298] f.
Hezekiah, king of Judah, [270]
High places, Canaanite, [126]
Hilla, [14], [23]
Hilprecht, Prof. II. V., [91] f., [112],
[134], [150], [208], [212], [242]
Himyarite period, [121]
Hincke, Prof. W. J., [246], [250]
Hindîya Canal, [16]
Hipparchus, of Nicæa, [312]
Hire of land, system of, [167]
Hit, [174]
Hittite correspondence, character of, [239] f.;
invasion, [3], [84], [210];
states, [230]; migration, [128]
Hittite Empire, rise of, [220];
history of, [229] ff.; fall of, [241];
communications of, [5]; as barrier, [314]
Hittites, [3], [128], [234] ff., [243];
racial character of, [226] f.;
civilization of, [227] f.;
art of, [228], [233];
inscriptions and records of, [226] ff.
Hogarth, D. G., [4] f., [120], [128], [276], [278], [282], [314];
Carchemish excavations of, [127]
Homer, see Odyssey
Homera, mound of, [29], [31], [35]; in plan, [23]
Horse, introduction of, [122], [198], [215] f.
Horses, export of, [224]
House-property, in Babylon, [84]
Houses, Babylonian, [184]
How, Walter W., [5], [7], [21]
Hrozný, F., [97] f., [150]
Huber, E., [134]
Humped cattle, [175], [202]
Huntington, Ellsworth, [121]
Hydra, constellation, [292]
Hydraulic machine, [48]
Hyksos, in Egypt, [132] f.
IADI-khabum, antagonist of Samsu-iluna, [204]
Iakhzir-ilum, of Kazallu, [146]
Iakin, king of Sea-Country, [263]
Ialman, Mt., [259]
Ia'mu-Dagan, in Khana, [132]
Iashma(?)-Dagan, [132]
Iawium, vassal-ruler of Kish, [145]
Iazi-Dagan, of Khana, [131]
Ibkushu, priest, [94], [101]
Icarus, [290]
Idamaraz, [198]
Idin-Dagan, king of Nîsin, [132], [134]; in List, [318]
Igi-kharsagga, [155]
Igitlim, possibly a king of Khana, [130]
Iluma-ila, vassal-ruler of Sippar, [143]
Iluma-ilum, founder of Second
Dynasty, [104] f., [199] f., [205]; in List, [320]
Ilu-shûma, king of Assyria, [136]
Image-worship, Babylonian, [294] ff.
Imgur-Bêl, wall of Babylon, [30] ff., [51]
Immer, suggested reading of Adad's name, [150]
Immerum, vassal-ruler of Sippar, [143]
Incantations, [194]
Incense, [314]
India, and the Persian Gulf, [7];
village communities of, [250]
India Office, Babylonian map issued by, [16]
Indra, Aryan god, [227]
Infant-sacrifice, [127]
Inheritance, laws of, [185]
Intercalary months, [189] f.
Ionia, cities of, [279]
'Irâk, [9] f., [11]
Iranian plateau, [5]
Iranians, groups of, [282]
Irnina Canal, [171]
Irrigation, method of, [176] f.
Irrigation-machines, [172] ff.
Irsit-Bâbili, city-square of Babylon, [28]
Isaiah, [292]
Isharlim, king of Khana, [129] f.
Ishbi-Ura, founder of Dynasty of
Nîsin, [132] ff.; in List, [318]
Ishhi-aswad, mound, [84]; in plan, [23]
Ishkhara, goddess, [297]
Ishkibal, king of Second Dynasty, [202]; in List, [320]
Ishkun-Marduk, city, [207]
Ishkur, suggested reading of Adad's name, [150]
Ishme-Dagan, king of Nîsin, [132], [134] f.; in List, [318]
Ishtar, of Akkad (Agade), [23], [69] f.,
[83] f., [159]; of Ashur, [20], [137]; of
Babylon, [80], [149]; of Bît-Karkara,
[159]; of Erech, [159]; of Khallabu,
[159]; of Kibalbarru, [155]; of Kish,
[143]; of Nineveh, [159], [221] f.; and
Tammuz, [290]; Descent of, [304];
lion of, [55], [58] f.; representation
of, [266]; see also E-anna
Ishtar Gate, at Babylon, [33], [51] ff.,
[57]; beasts on, [50] f., [54] ff.; section
of, [53]; restoration of, [28]; ground-plan
of, [52]; in plans, [30], [57]
Isin, Dynasty of, [254] ff.; original
form of name of, [91], [254]; see also Nîsin
Islam, [10], [120]
Israel, [12], [290]
Itêr-pîsha, king of Nîsin, [148]; in List, [318]
Itti-ili-nibi, king of Second Dynasty, [208]; in List, [320]
Itti-Marduk-balâtu, Kassite chief minister, [237]
Itti-Marduk-balâtu, the Aramean, [256]
Iturmer, local god of Tirḳa, [131]
JASTROW, Prof. Morris, [101], [312]
Jensen, Prof. P., [112], [308]
Jerablus, [127]
Jeremiah, [277], [280]
Jeremias, Dr. Alfred, [292], [304] f., [307]
Jericho, [126]
Jerusalem, [277], [280]
Jewish traditions, [313] f.
Jews, captivity of, [277]; of Baghdad, [14]
Johns, Canon C. H. W., [131], [145], [162], [190], [304]
Johns, Mrs. C. H. W., [18]
Johnson, C. W., [179]
Jones, Capt. J. Felix, [17]
Jordan, [306]
Joseph, [305]
Josephus, [278], [280], [307]
Joshua, [305] f.
Josiah, king of Judah, [270]
Judah, [270], [276] f.
Judges, Babylonian, [188]
Jumjumma, [23]
Jupiter Ammon, [303]
Justi, Prof. Ferdinand, [215]
Justice, administration of, [188] f.
KADASHMAN-ENLIL I., king of Third Dynasty, [220] f., [241] f.; in List, [320]
Kadashman-Enlil II., king of Third Dynasty, [236] ff.,
[240], [243]; in List, [320]
Kadashman-Kharbe I., king of Third Dynasty, [241]; in List, [320]
Kadashman-Kharbe II., king of Third Dynasty, [244]; in List, [320]
Kadashman-turgu, king of Third Dynasty, [236] f.; in List, [320]
Kadesh, Battle of, [227], [235]
Kagmum, [157]
Kandalanu, king of Babylon, [273]; in List, [321];
see Ashur-bani-pal
Kâr-bêl-mâtâti, [259]
Kâr-Irnina, [171]
Kâr-Ishtar, [243]
Kâr-Shamash, [149]; on Tigris, [158];
on Euphrates, [207]
Kâr-Sippar, [204]
Kara-indash I., king of Third Dynasty, [221], [241] f.; in List, [320]
Kara-indash II., king of Third Dynasty, [243]; in List, [320]
Kara-Kuzal, [127]
Karashtu, Babylonian general, [255]
Karduniash, [244]
Karnak, [220], [235]
Kashbaran, [154]
Kashdakh, in Khana, [130]
Kashshû-nadin-akhi, king of Fifth Dynasty, [257]; in List, [321]
Kashtiliash I., king of Third Dynasty, [217]; in List, [320]
Kashtiliash II., king of Third Dynasty, [243] f.; in List, [320]
Ḳaṣr, mound, [14], [16] f., [21] ff., [24],
27 f., [30] ff.; buildings on, [28] ff.
Kassites, [3], [130] f., [197] f., [214] ff.;
racial character of, [214] f.; introduction
of horse by, [215] f.;
Babylon of, [29]
Kazallu, [144] ff., [149]
Keleks, early, [178] f.
Kesh, [155], [159]
Khabilu, river, [150]
Khabkha-tribe, [207]
Khâbûr, [129] ff., [260]
Khabur-ibal-bugash Canal, [130]
Khalambû tribe, [140]
Khalium, vassal-ruler of Kish, [145]
Khallabu, [152], [159]
Khalule, [271]
Khana, kingdom of, [129] ff., [157], [210] f., [218]
Khanî, [210]; see also Khana
Khanirabbat, [222]
Khatti, Hittite capital, [229] ff.; site
of, [219]; communications of, [5];
use of term, [210]; see also Hittites
Khattusil I., Hittite king, [230]
Khattusil II, Hittite king, [236] ff., [243]
Khinnatuni, in Canaan, [225]
Khonsu, Egyptian Moon-god, [222], [238] ff.
Khorsabad, [176]
Khumbanigash, king of Elam, [209]
Khurpatila, king of Elam, [243]
Khurshitu, [212]
Khuṣṣi, [254]
Kibalbarru, [141], [144], [155]
Kidin-Khutrutash, king of Elam, [244]
Kikia, early ruler of Ashur, [139]
Kinunu, West-Semitic month, [131]
Kiriath-arba, [307]
Kirmanshah, [5]
Kish, [143] f., [159], [203] f.
Kisurra, [85]. [155], [199], [212] f.
Knudtzon. Prof. J. A., [219]. [221] f. [224] f., [230], [243]
Kohler, Prof. J., [102]
Koldewey, Dr. Robert, [17] f., [23], [25],
30, [32] f., [35], [46] ff., [50], [52] f., [67] f.,
74, [76] f., [80], [83]
Kudur-Enlil, king of Third Dynasty, [243]; in List, [320]
Kudur-Mabuk, ruler of Western Elam, [89],
[113], [150] ff, [154], [156], [159];
Adda of Amurru, [152]
Kudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam, [113]
Kudurrus, or boundary-stones, [241], [244], [245] ff.
Kûfa, [9] f., [11]
Kugler, Dr. F. X., [106] ff., [116], [310] ff
Kurigalzu I., king of Third Dynasty, [241], [243]; in List, [320]
Kurigalzu II., king of Third Dynasty, [221], [224], [242]; in
List, [320]
Kurigalzu III., king of Third Dynasty, [243]; in List, [320]
Kussar, Hittite city, [230]
Kutir-Nakhkhunte, Elamite prince, [244], [252]
Kweiresh, [23]
LABASHI-MARDUK, king of Babylon, [281]; in List, [321]
Labynetus, [279]; see Nebuchadnezzar II.
Lachish, [270]
Lagamal, goddess of Dilbat, [142]
Lagash, [147], [152] f., [155], [159], [212] f.
Land, sale of, [195] f.
Land-tenure, system of, [167], [249] ff.
Landowners, Babylonian, [167] f.
Langdon, S., [37], [40], [52], [72], [92], [111],
[145], [276], [280], [282], [290]
Laodamas, [309]
Lapis-lazuli, at time of First Dynasty, [207];
Kassite export of, [224]
Larsa, Dynasty and kings of, [89] ff.,
[110], [133] f., [147] f., [150] ff., [158] f.,
[198], [200]; Sun-temple at, [135];
tablets from, [156]
Law, Babylonian, [299]; systematization
of, [196]; spread of, [237] f.
Lawrence, T. E., [127]
Layard, Sir A. H., [17] f., [106], [295] f.
Le Strange, G., [10] f.
Lebanon, [72], [225]; monolith from, [203] f.
Legends, [195]
Legislation, [2]; see also Code, Law
Lehmann-Haupt, Prof. C. F., [116]
Leo, constellation, [310]
Libil-khegalla Canal, [30], [37]
Libit-Ishtar, king of Nîsin, [134] ff.; in List, [318]
Libit-Ishtar, governor of Sippar, [136]
Light-wells, [28], [44]
Lightning-fork, of Adad, [297]
Lion, of Ishtar, [55]
Lion Frieze, at Babylon, [30], [57] ff.
Lions, of the Sun-god, [298] f.; enamelled, [44]
Lirish-gamium, daughter of Rîm-Sin, [156]
Literature, Babylonian, [2], [194] f., [299]
Liver-markings, [297]; see also Divination Lot, [305]
Lugal-banda, [211]
Lugal-diri-tugab, [148]
Lukhaia, on Arakhtu Canal, [205]
Lulubu, [255]
Lunar observations, [140]
Luxor, [235]
Lydia, [278] f., [282] f.
MACALISTER, Prof. R. A. S., [125]
Madâin, [9] f.
Magan, [6]
Magic, [240], [299]
Magical formulæ, [194]
Maitland, Gen. P. J., [121]
Makkedah, [305]
Malgûm, [154], [157], [159]
Manabaltel, king, [212];
Mananâ, vassal-king of Kish, [144] f.
Manishtusu, Obelisk of, [247], [250]
Manufactories, royal, [41]
Mâr-irṣitim, of Nippur, [102]
Marad, [153]
Marduk, [146],

[207]; rise of, [194] f.;
as creator, [306]; in coronation-ceremony, [296];
cult-images of, [218], [244], [271]; emblem of, [79];
dragon of, [55], [261]; representation of, [261];
see also E-kua, E-sagila, E-temen-anki
Marduk-akhi-erba, king of Fourth Dynasty, [257]; in List, [321]
Marduk-aplu-iddina, see Merodach-baladan
Marduk-balâṭsu-iḳbi, king of Eighth Dynasty, [264]; in List, [321]
Marduk-bêl-usâte, brother of Marduk-nadin-shum, [263]
Marduk-nadin-akhê, king of Fourth Dynasty, [112], [254], [256]; in List, [321]
Marduk-shakin-shum, father of Erba-Marduk, [264]
Marduk-shapik-zêr-mâti, king of Fourth Dynasty, [254],256; in List, [321]
Marduk-shapik-zêrim, king, possibly founder, of Fourth Dynasty, [254]; in List, [321]
Marduk-zakir-shum, king of Eighth Dynasty, [261], [263]; in List, [321]
Marduk-zakir-shum, Babylonian rebel, [270]; in List, [321]
Marduk-zêr-[...], king of Fourth Dynasty, [257]; in List, [321]
Mari, [132], [157], [265]
Marriage, laws of, [185] f.; for slaves, [166] f.
Marriage-contract, [130]
Marriage-portions, [185]
Marsh-dwellers, [202]
Marshes, Babylonian, [200] f.
Mashkan-Ammi-ditana, [207]
Mashkan-shabri, [151], [159]
Mashtabba Canal, [156]
Maspero, Sir Gaston, [111], [277]
Mattiuaza, king of Mitanni, [234]
Mê-Enlil Canal, [207]
Mecca pilgrimage, [5]
Medea, [307]
Medes, [275] f., [282]
Media, [278] f., [282]
Medicine, a branch of magic, [240]
Mediterranean, Eastern, [315];
Euphrates route to, [4], [8];
Assyria and the, [256], [273]
Mediterranean race, [125] f.
Megiddo, [126], [276]
Meissner, Prof.B., [133], [139], [207]
Melam-kurkura, king of Second Dynasty, [202]; in List, [320]
Meli-Shipak I., king of Third Dynasty, [241] f.; in List, [320]
Meli-Shipak II., king of Third Dynasty, [176], [244];
grant of land by, [248] f.;
tablets of time of, [84]; in List, [320]
Memphis, [272], [285]
Mera, [159]
Mercenaries, Greek, [277] f.
Merkes, Mound, [16], [29], [82] ff.;
plan of, [83]; in plan, [23]
Merodach-baladan I., king of Third Dynasty, [78] f., [244]; boundary-stone of, [248] f.;
tablets of time of, [84];
in List, [320]
Merodach-baladan II., king of Babylon, [33], [269] f.; in List, [321]
Meslam, temple of Mashkan-shabri, [159]
Meyer, Prof. E., [6], [92], [104], [111], [114],
[116], [142], [150], [160], [207], [211], [215],
[226] f., [228]
Middle class, Babylonian, [164] f.
Migrations, causes of, [121] f.
Mishael, [14]
Mitanni, rulers of, I, [214]; kingdom
of, [220] f.; and Babylon, [224]; and
the Hittites, [23]:5 f.
Mitannians, racial character of, [227];
and Subartu, [139] f.
Mithraic legends, [313]
Mitra, Aryan god, [227]
Moat, of Babylon, [25] f.
Moat-walls, [30], [57]
Mohammed, [10]
Money-lenders, [189], [191] f.
Months, Babylonian and Jewish, [313];
West-Semitic, [130] f.
Moon, in astrology, [140]
Moses, [306]
Moslem conquest, [5], [9]
Mosul, [14]
Mother goddess, of Hittites, [228]
Muballitat-Sherûa, Assyrian princess, [243]
Mukayyar, [135], [150]
Müller, Prof. Friedrich Max, [310]
Mural decoration of temples, [69] f.
Murray, Prof. Gilbert, [293]
Mursil, Hittite king, [234] f.
Mushezib-Marduk, king of Babylon, [270] f.; in List, [321]
Muski, [241]
Mutallu, Hittite king, [235]
Muti-khurshana, antagonist of Sam-su-iluna, [204]
Mutilation, penal, [165] f.
Mutum-ilu, of Nippur, [102]
Myres, Prof. J. L., [7], [121], [188]
Mysteries, religious, [314]
Mythology, astral, [291] f., [300] ff.
NABONASSAR, king of Ninth Dynasty, [115], [267] f.; in List, [321]
Nabonidus, king of Babylon, [281] ff., [297];
character of, [281] f.;
river-wall of, [37], [60]. [74];
chronology of, [110] f.; in List, [321]
Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, [29],
[35], [261], [274] ff.; palace of, [28], [30], [38] f.;
quay-walls of, [32] ff. [36];
bridge of, [81]; possible tomb of,
[66] f.; in List, [321]
Nabû, [77] f.; emblem of, [79]: see also E-zida
Nabû-aplu-iddina, king of Eighth Dynasty. [257], [200] f. in List. [321]
Nabû-aplu-uṣur, see Nabopolassar
Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, see Nebuchadnezzar
Nabû-mukîn-apli, founder of Eighth Dynasty, [258] f.; in List, [321]
Nabù-mukîn-zêr, king of Babylon,
[268]; in List, [321]; see also Ukîn-zêr
Nabû-nadin-shum, priest, [261]
Nabû-nadin-zêr, king of Ninth Dynasty, [268]: in List, [321]
Nabû-na'id, see Nabonidus
Nabû-nasir, see Nabonassar
Nabû-shum-ishkun I., king of Eighth Dynasty, [259]; in List, [321]
Nabû-shum-ishkun II., king of Ninth Dynasty, [267]; in List, [321]
Nabû-shum-libur, king of Fourth Dynasty; in List, [321]
Nabû-shum-ukîn, king of Ninth Dynasty, [268]; in List, [321]
Nagitu, [270]
Naharain, [227]
Nahr-el-Kelb, [255]
Namar, [253]
Nanâ, image of, [113], [296]
Nanga, [153]
Nanking, [22]
Nannar, [141], [145], [154]
Naplanum, founder of Larsa Dynasty, [89] f., [133] f.; in List, [318]
Nâr-sharri Canal, [154]
Narâm-Sin, king of Akkad, [6]; stele of, [252]
Narâm-Sin, vassal-ruler of Sippar, [143]
Nâsatya-twins, Aryan deities, [227]
Nausicaa, [308]
Nazi-bugash, Kassite usurper, [243]; in List, [320]
Nazi-maruttash, king of Third Dynasty, [175], [243], [248]; in List, [320]
Nebuchadnezzar I., king of Fourth Dynasty, [112], [245],
252 ff., [296]; in List, [321]
Nebuchadnezzar II., king of Babylon, [6] f., [276] ff.;
palace of, [14], [28], [30], [38] ff.;
throne-room of, [28], [42] ff.;
buildings of, [32] f., [52], [73], [279] f.;
bronze-step of, [27], [77]; in List, [321]
Necho, king of Egypt, [277]
Neolithic age, in Canaan, [124] f.
Nergal, [148] f., [211]; see also E-meslam
Nergal-shar-usur, see Neriglissar
Nergal-sharezer, the Rab-mag, [280];
see Neriglissar
Nergal-ushezib, king of Babylon, [270]; in List, [321]
Neriglissar, king of Babylon, [72], [280] f.;
bridge of, [37]; in List, [321]
New Year, see Feast
Nidintu-Bêl, rebel leader, [286]
Nikarkos (Anu-uballit), [287]
Nîl Canal, [22] f.
Nimitti-Bêl, wall of Babylon, [30] f., [32] ff., [51]
Nin-Nîsin, [148]
Nin-Sinna, [141]
Ninaz, [154]
Ninegal, [150]
Nineveh, [4] f., [21], [157] ff, [221], [321],
walls of, [276]
Ningirsu, [298]; emblem of, [297];
see also E-ninnû
Ninib, [70] f.; see also E-patutila
Ninib-kudur-usur, king of Sixth Dynasty, [257]; in List, [321]
Ninlil, [94], [101]
Ninmakh, of Babylon, [30], [52], [57], [148];
see also E-makh
Ninmakh, of Kesh, [155]
Ninni, or Ishtar, [155]; see also Ishtar
Ninsun, [211]
Nippur, [104] f., [135], [147], [149] f., [155],
[158], [199], [202], [204], [244];
and the suzerainty, [147];
deification at, [206];
effect of Babylon's control of, [194] f.;
tablets from, [92] ff, [101] f., [104], [114],
[156], [245]
Nîsin, [151], [159], [198], [200], [208] f.;
Dynasty of, [91], [103] f., [110], [132] ff.;
fall of, [154]; era of, [92] f., [97], [103];
reading of name of, [91]
Nobles, Babylonian, [163] f.
Nomads, of Arabia, [121] ff.
Northern Citadel, of Ḳaṣr, [57] f.
Nubia, [285]; gold of, [224]
Numbers, sacred character of, [307]
Nûr-Adad, king of Larsa, [89] f., [150]; in List, [319]
OANNES, [309]
Oath-formulæ, [143]
Odysseus, [308] f.
Odyssey, [308]
Officers, semi-military, [192]
Officials, [181], [192] f.
Omayyad Caliphate, [10] f.
Omen-texts, [140], [210]
Omens, [297]; taking of the, [191];
astronomical, [106] f.
Opis, [256], [283]
Oppert, Jules, [17], [22], [287]
Oracle, of Eridu, [153], [158]
Orientation, of temples, [69]
Orontes, [235], [277]
Ovid, [307]
Oxen, bronze, [52]
PADAN, [218]
Pagirum, of Khana, [129]
Palaces, Neo-Babylonian, [27] f., [38] ff,
45; in plan, [30]
Palaeolithic age, in Canaan, [124]
Palestine, [159], [220], [225] ff., [304], [315];
excavations in, [123], [125] f.
Palestine Exploration Fund, [125]
Palm-trunks, as pillars, [44]
Palmettes, in Neo-Babylonian decoration, [44]
Pan, [293]
Panelling, in Neo-Babylonian decoration, [59]
Pantheon, revision of, [194] f.
Paphos, [290]
Papsukal, [63]
Parthian Empire, [9]; period, [82]
Partnerships, for trade, [182] f.
Passport, Babylonian, [220], [225]
Pastoral life, in Babylonia, [169]
Pelusium, [277], [285]
Penelope, [309]
Peribolos, of E-temen-anki, [73] fl;
plan of, [74]; restoration of, [75]; in
plan, [83]
Persephone, [304] f.
Persepolis, [8], [299] f.
Persia, [5] f.; Achæmenian kings of, [2], [282] ff.
Persian Gulf, traffic on, [6] f., [280]
Persian period, Babylon of, [82] f.
Peshgal-daramash, king of Second Dynasty, [202]; in List, [320]
Pétrie, Prof. W. M. Flinders, [111]
Phæacians, [308] f.
Pharaoh, [305] f.
Philistines, [307]
Philo, [310]
Phoenicia, [62], [225], [235], [277]
Phrygians, [241]
Phulus, [115]
Physicians, [240]
Pietro della Valle, [15]
Pinches, Dr. T. G., [212]
Pindiya, [139]
Place, Victor, [176]
Plough, Babylonian form of, [175] f.
Poebel, A., [102], [104], [114], [132], [135],
[148], [156], [190], [204], [206], [208]
Poetry, Babylonian, [2]
Pognon, H., [142]
Pollux, star, [310]
Polybus, [309]
Pompeii, [59]
Poros, of Ptolemaic Canon, [116]
Porphyrins, [116]
Porter, Sir Robert Ker, [17]
Prices, in kind, [195]
Priesthood, [189] f.
Priests, Egyptian, [238] ff.
Priests' apartments, [64]
Principal Citadel, of Ḳaṣr, [57] f.
Procession Street, [59] f.; see also Sacred Road
Proto-Mitannians, [128], [140]
Pteria, [283]
Ptolemaic Canon, [265], [268]
Puchstein, Otto, [220], [229] ff., [232] f., [234] f.
Pukhia, king of Khurshitu, [212]
Pulu, king of Babylon, [116], [267] f.; in
List, [321]; see also Tiglath-pileser IV.
Pumpelly, Raphael, [121]
Puzur-Ashur, king of Assyria, [242] f.; in List, [320]
QUAY-WALLS, at Babylon, [32] ff.
RAB-MAG, [280]
Rabikum, [154], [158]
Rabim, [171]
Radau, H., [245].
Raḥaba, [130]
Rakhabu, [191]
Ram, constellation, [310] f.
Rameses II., king of Egypt, [222], [226], [235], [239] f.
Rameses III., king of Egypt, [228]
Rammânu, "the thunderer," [150]
Ramps, on Ḳaṣr, [30], [39], [57]; or stairways,
to roofs of temples, [61]
Ramsay, Sir W. M., [4]
Ranke, H., [136]
Raphia, [269]
Rassam, Hormuzd, [17], [141]
Rawlinson, George. [176]
Rawlinson, Sir H. C, [40], [52], [72], [106],
[111], [113], [150] ff, [153], [155], [245], [287]
Rebecca, [306]
Red Sea, [306]
Reliefs, bronze, [207]
Rennet, Major, [17]
Rent, in kind, [167], [195]
Reports, to king, [168]
Reuther, O., [30], [70]
Revenue, [168]
Rîa, Elamite god, [253]
Ribanish, [206]
Riblah, [277]
Rich, C. J., [17]
Rîm-Sin, king of Larsa, [88] ff., [97],
[99] ff., [101], [103], [151], [153] ff., [198];
wives and daughters of, [156];
double-dates of, [94] f.; in List, [319]
Rîm-Sin-Shala-bashtashu, wife of Rîm-Sin, [156]
Ritti-Marduk, captain of chariots, [252] f.
Ritual, Babylonian, [2]
River-fortification, at Babylon, [80], [32], [37], [82]
River-wall, of Nabonidus, [37], [74]
Road-making, [249]
Rock-sculptures, Hittite, [228]
Rogers, Prof. R. W., History of, [14] f.
Rome, [15], [307]
Roofs, of Babylonian dwellings, [42]
Rosellini, N.F.I.B., [238] f.
Rosettes, in Neo-Babylonian decoration, [44]
Royal Road,

[4] f., [230]
Rubatum, [153]
SABAEAN kingdom, [121]
Sabdanu, brother of Nabû-aplu-iddina, [260]
Sabum, [199]
Sacred Road or Way, in Babylon, [37],
[39], [47], [51], [73], [80], [83]; in plans,
[30], [57], [74], [83]; in restoration, [28]
Sadyattes, king of Lydia, [279]
Saggaratum, [204]
Sailors, [180] f.
Sajûr, [129]
Sakhn, [73]; in plan, [23]
Sâlihîya, [129]
Salmu, messenger of Burna-Buriash, [225]
Samaria, [269]
Sâmarrâ, [11]
Samson, [307]
Samsu-ditana, king of First Dynasty, [209] ff.; in List, [320]
Samsu-iluna, king of First Dynasty,
[84], [89] f., [97] f., [100] ff, [104] f., [148];
reign of, [197] ff.; estimate of, [205];
letter of, [171]; image of deified,
[209]; in Lists, [319] f.
Samsu-iluna-khegallum Canal, [197]
Samsu-iluna-nagab-nukhush-nishi Canal, [197]
Samuel, I. Book of, [307]
Samum, king of Larsa, [89] f., [134]; in List, [318]
Sandbanks, ancient, in Euphrates, [37]
Sangar, king of Carchemish, [260]
Sarah, [305]
Sarakos, [276]; see also Sin-shar-ishkun
Sardis, [282] f.
Sargon, king of Akkad, [6], [127], [145]
Sargon, king of Assyria, [6], [32] ff., [36], [269] ff.; in List, [321]
Sargonids, Babylonian policy of, [4]
Sarpanitum, [146], [218]
Sarre, Prof. Friedrich, [130]
Sassanian kings, [9] f.
Saturn, planet, [313]
Saunders, Telawney, [17]
Sayce, Prof. A. H., [106], [126], [150], [160]
Scheftelowitz, Isidor, [227]
Scheil, Père V., [80], [95], [134], [139],
[147], [156], [162], [212], [248], [281]
Scheria, [308]
Schiarparelli, G. V., [107], [313]
Schöne, Dr. Richard, [17]
Schorr, M., [129], [131], [143], [163], [190], [208]
Schrader, Eberhard, [72], [219], [241]
Schumacher, Dr. G., [125]
Schwartz, E., [114]
Scorpion, of Ishkhara, [297]
Scourging, as punishment, [165]
Scribes, [183]
Scylax, of Caryanda, [7]
Scythia, [286]
Scythians, [274] f.
Sea-Country, [200] ff.; kings of, [103] ff.,
[199] ff., [209]; Kassite conquest of,
[217] f.; Shalmaneser III. in, [263]
Selby, Commander W. Beaumont, [17]
Seleucia, [5], [8], [287]
Seleucus, [7], [287]
Sellin, Dr. E., [125] f.
Semite, as adapter, [2] f.
Semites, as nomads, [121] ff.; see also
Western Semites
Semitic migrations, [10]
Seneca, [301]
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, [6], [36],
[60], [82], [174] f., [256], [270] f., [276];
Babylonian policy of, [273]; in
List, [321]
Serapis, [73]
Sergi, Giuseppe, [126]
Serpens, constellation, [292]
Serpents, bronze, [72]
Service-rooms, for temple-shrines, [64]
Seti I., king of Egypt, [235]
Sha-mamîtu, [258] f.
Shabaka, king of Egypt, [269]
Shadduf, in Mesopotamia, [172]
Shadudu, of Sukhi, [260]
Shag-dugga, [207]
Shagarakti-Shuriash, king of Third Dynasty, [243]; in List, [320]
Shagga, [191]
Shakanim, [171]
Shakhnâ, [203]
Shala, of Ekallâti, [256]
Shalibi, [155]
Shalmaneser I., king of Assyria, [139], [243]
Shalmaneser III., king of Assyria, [257], [259] ff.;
Gates of, [262] ff.
Shalmaneser V., king of Assyria, [268] f.;
see also Ululai
Shamâia, Elamite priest, [253] f.
Shamash, see Sun-god, E-babbar
Shamash-erba, rebel leader, [286]
Shamash-khegallum Canal, [145]
Shamash-mudammik, king of Eighth Dynasty, [258]; in List, [321]
Shamash-rêsh-usur, governor of Sukhi and Ma'ri, [265] ff.
Shamash-shum-ukîn, king of Babylon, [31], [271] ff.; in List, [321]
Shamshi-Adad III., king of Assyria, [256]
Shamshi-Adad IV., king of Assyria, [129], [131], [264]
Shamûa, Elamite priest, [253] f.
Shatt Atshar, [17]
Shatt el-'Arab, [9] f.
Shatt el-Hai, [9] f.
Sheep-shearing, [168]
Shepherds, in Babylonia, [168]
Shergât, [19]; excavations at, [137]
Shewbread, [62]
Shilanum-Shuḳamuna, king of Sixth Dynasty, [258]; in List, [320]
Ships, Babylonian, [180] f.; of Sennacherib,6, [270]
Shirley, Anthony, [15]
Shrines, of temples, [64]
Shu-numum-dar Canal, [154]
Shubareans, [139]
Shubartu, [139]; see also Subartu
Shubbiluliuma, founder of Hittite Empire, [230], [233] f.
Shunu'-rammu, [127]
Shuruppak, [85], [212] f., [300]
Shushinak, [296]
Shushshi, king of Second Dynasty, [202]; in List, [320]
Shutruk-Nakhkhunte, king of Elam, [244], [252]
Si[...]-Ninni, wife of Rîm-Sin, [156]
Sibir, king, probably of Eighth Dynasty, [259] f.; in List, [321]
Sidon, [277]
Ṣili-Adad, king of Larsa, [89] f., [150] f.; in List, [319]
Silver, as currency, [195] f.;
purchasing power of, [211];
its ratio to copper, [211]
Simmash-Shipak, king of Fifth Dynasty, [257], [261]; in List, [321]
Simplicius, [116]
Sin, [145], [148], [159], [206]; see also
E-gishshirgal, E-khulkhul
Sin-gamil, king of Erech, [211]
Sin-gashid, king of Erech, [211]
Sin-idinnam, king of Larsa, [89] f., [99], [150]; in List, [319]
Sin-idinnam, governor of Larsa, [157], [296]
Sin-iḳîsham, king of Larsa, [89] f., [99], [148], [151]; in List, [319]
Sin-iribam, king of Larsa, [89] f., [151]; in List, [319]
Sin-magir, king of Nîsin, [151]; in List, [319]
Sin-magir, father-in-law of Rîm-Sin, [156]
Sin-muballit, king of First Dynasty, [92], [103], [151] fr.; in Lists, [319] f.
Sin-muballit Canal, [153]
Sin-shar-ishkun, king of Assyria, [273], [276]; in List, [321]
Sin-shum-lishir, king of Assyria, [273]; in List, [321]
Sinjar, village on site of Babylon, [23] f., [35]
Sippar, [37], [134], [136], [142] ff., [149].
[154] f., [158] f., [171], [192], [197], [200],
[204], [207], [244],257, [200], [208], [282] f.;
of Shamash, [250]; of Ariunitum, [256]
Sivas, [5]
Skinner, Prof. J., [160]
Slaves, [48], [139], [165] ff., [192]
Smerdis, [285]; see Bardiya
Smith, George, [80], [106]
Sodom, [305]
Solomon, brazen altar of, [62]
Soothsayers, [191]
Soul, Hymn of the, [305]
Southern Citadel, of Babylon, [24],
27 f., [38] ff., [57] f.; conjectural;
restoration of, [28]; plan of, [30]
Sparta, [283]
Spear-head, of Marduk, [79], [297]
Spirits, evil, [194]
Stairways, of E-temen-anki, [76] f.;
or ramps, [57], [64] f.
Stein, Sir M. Aurel, [121]
Stilus, of Nabû, [79], [297]
Stone-engraving, Babylonian, [261]
Store-chambers, in temples, [64]
Strabo, [47] f.
Strassmaier, Father J. N., [278]
Streck, Prof. M., [256]
Streets, of Babylon, [29], [82] ff., [184]
Stucken, E., [292]
Su tribes, [135]
Su-abu, [136]; see Sumu-abum
Subartu, [157]; as early geographical
term, [139]; in later tradition, [140];
non-Iranian population of, [214]
Sugagi, [243]
Sukhi, [154], [260], [265]
Sukhi Canal, [266]
Sumer, [3], [10] f., [20], [244]
Sumerian towns, character of, [85]
Sumerians, [134], [137] f., [201] f.;
literature of, [194] f.
Sumu-abum, founder of First Dynasty,
[117], [136], [141] ff.; in Lists, [318], [320]
Sumu-ditana, vassal-ruler of Kish, [145]
Sumu-ilum, king of Larsa. [89] f.,
[147] f., [150]; as king of [147] f., [147] f.;
in List, [318]
Sumu-la-ilum, king of First Dynasty, [143], [145] ff.;
estimate of, [148] f.; fortresses of, [204]; in Lists,
[318], [320]
Sumu-la-ilum Canal, [146]
Sun-god, cult of, at Babylon, [149];
as Ba'al of Khana; see also
E-babbar
Sun-god Tablet, [261]
Surgeons, Babylonian, [193] f.; fees of, [165]
Susa, [5], [8], [113], [273], [282], [287]
Susiania, [2], [286]
Sutû, [243], [256] f.
Swamps, in S. Babylonia, [200] f.
Symbolism, Babylonian, [298] f.
Syncellus, [114]
Synchronistic History, [241] ff., [265]
Syria, [11], [127] f., [157], [220], [225] ff.,
[234] ff, [241], [262], [315]; grain-drill
of, [176]; trade with, [4], [182];
importations from, [207]
TABLES, for offerings, [62]
Tammuz, god, [290], [304] f.
Tâmtum-khegallum, [149]
Tariff, commercial, [211]
Tarkundaraba, king of Arzawa, [230]
Tarring the head, as punishment, [131]
Tashshi-gurumash, king of Third Dynasty, [218]; in List, [320]
Taurus, range, [4], [225], [229] f., [262]
Taurus, constellation, [293], [311]
Tax-collectors, [191] f.
Taxes, [248] f.; in kind, [195]
Tearing in pieces, as punishment, [170]
Teiresias, [308]
Tell 'Amrân-ibn-'Ali, [16], [22] f., [72], [85];
excavation of, [73]
Tell 'Ashar, [129]
Tell el-Amarna, [219]; letters from,
[132], [219] ff., [239] f.
Tell 'Ishar, see Tell 'Ashar
Tell Sifr, [92], [98], [102], [198] f.
Tello, [20], [138], [140], [147]
Temple-decoration, [62] f.
Temple-revenues, [191] f.
Temple towers, form of, [78] ff.
Temples, at Babylon, [61] ff.
Teredon, [280]
Teritum, West-Semitic month, [131]
Teshshub-'ari, [139]
Teshub, [139], [228]
Teumman, king of Elam, [272]
Thales, of Miletus, [279]
Thebes, [219], [240], [272]
Theft, penalties for, [164], [169] f.;
compensation for, [169] f., [172], [182]
Thompson, R. C, [140], [285] f.
Thothmes IV., king of Egypt, [221]
Throne-room, of Nebuchadnezzar II.,
[42] ff.; in restoration, [28]; plan of, [42]
Thureau-Dangin, F., [89], [98], [105],
[129], [143], [145], [147], [150] ff, [155] f.,
[211] f., [217], [242] f., [299]
Thyestes, [292] f.
Tiamat, [306] f.
Tidal, king of "nations," [159] f.
Tiglath-pileser I., king of Assyria, [112], [254], [256]
Tiglath-pileser IV., king of Assyria, [116], [267] f.;
policy of, [267] f.; in List, [321]
Tigris, [4] f.; canalization of, [151],156;
irrigation on, [172] f.; navigation
of, [6] f., [287]; damming of, [205]
Time-division, system of, [289]
Time-reckoning, systems of, [97], [190], [215]
Tirka, [129] ff.
Tishit-Enlil Canal, [155]
Tower of Babel, see Babel
Tower of Babylon, see E-temen-anki
Towers, on walls of Babylon, [26], [31];
in temple-decoration, [63]
Town-life, [183] f.
Town-planning, [85] f.
Trade, [181] ff.; profits of, [182] f.
Trade-routes, [4] f., [127], [315]
Transport, by water, [170]
Trefoils, in Babylonian decoration, [44]
Tribal proprietorship, of land, [167], [250] f.
Tribute, collection of, [191] f.
Tu'mânu tribe, [266]
Tukulti-Ashur, king of Assyria, [244]
Tukulti-Ninib I., king of Assyria, [244]; in List, [320]
Tukulti-Ninib II., king of Assyria, [259] f.
Tupliash, [157]; see also Ashnunnak
Turi-Dagan, of Khana, [132]
Turkey, [214]
Turukkum, [157]
Tutu-khegallum Canal, [153]
Tutul, [159]
Tuz-khurmati, [212]
Tylor, Prof. E. B., [177], [294]
Tyre, [270], [277]
UGARIT, [237]
Ukîn-zêr, [116]; see also Nabû-mukîn-zêr
Ula-Burariash, see Ulam-Buriash
Ulam-Buriash, Kassite chieftain, [217] f.
Ululai, king of Babylon, [268]; in List, [321];
see Shalmaneser V
Umma, [212] f.
Umman-manda, [276]
Umman-menanu, king of Elam, [271]
Ungnad, Prof. A., [92], [98], [129] f., [132],
[139], [143], [145], [162], [190], [215] f.
Upêri, of Dilmun, [6]
Ur, [89], [134] f., [147], [150] f., [152], [155],
[159], [198] f.; latest dynasty of, [11],
[113], [133]; college of votaries at,
[186], [281]
Ur-kingala, scribe, [101] f.
Ur-Ninib, king of Nîsin, [135] f., [147]; in List,

[318]
Ura-imitti, king of Nîsin, [148]; in List, [318]
Urartians, I f., [265]
Urartu, [265], [269], [275]
Urash, of Dilbat, [142], [159]
Urtaku, king of Elam, [272]
Ushpia, founder of temple of Ashir, [139];
see also Aushpia
Ushshi, king of Third Dynasty, [217]; in List, [320]
Usipara, [211]
VAN, Lake, I, [265]
Varuna, Aryan god, [227]
Vassal-cities, Babylon's treatment of, [143] f.
Vaulted building, at Babylon, [46] ff.;
plan of, [46]
Venus, observations of, [106] ff., [312]
Vestibules, to temples, [64]
Virgo, constellation, [310]
Virolleaud, Ch., [107]
Volutes, in Neo-Babylonian decoration, [44]
Votaries, privileges of, [186] ff.; of
Sun-god, [128]; at Ur, [186], [281]
Votive offerings, [207]
WALL, Captain of the, [32]
Walls, of Babylon, [21] ff.
Warad-Ibari, Kassite, [215]
Warad-Sin, king of Larsa, [89] f., [113],
[150] ff, [159]; in List, [319]
Warka, [211]
Wâsit, [9] f.
Water-supply, of palace, [44] f., [50]
Water-wheels, [173] f.
Watzinger, Dr. C., [126]
Weather-god, Bull of, [55]
Weber, Prof. Otto, [210]
Wedge, of Nabû, [79], [297]
Weidner, E. F., [292]
Weights, [195]
Weissbach, Prof. F. H., [24], [151], [242],
265, [286]
Wells, J., [5], [7], [21]
Wells, in palace, [44] f., [48]; in temple, [66]
Western Semites, [3], [12], [201], [315];
in Babylonia, [132] ff., [142], [102] ff.;
on the Khâbûr, [120] ff.; at Ashur, [141];
origin of, [119] f.; names of, [142];
aristocracy of, [168] f.; culture of, [132] f.
Wetzel, F., [30], [74]
Widows, rights of, [185]
Windows, absence of, [41] f., [44]
Wife, position of, [185] f.
Winckler, Hugo, [97], [210], [219] f., [227],
[234], [236], [238], [241], [245], [278],
[291] ff., [311]
Women, status of, [185] ff.
Women's apartments, in palace, [45]
Woolley, C. L., [127]
World-Ages, [302], [311], [313]
XERXES I., king of Persia, [41], [280] in List, [321]
Xerxes II., king of Persia, [321]
Xisuthros, [308]
YAHWE, [62], [307]
Yale Babylonian Collection, [94] f., [156], [254]
Yasili Kaya, [228]
Year, naming of the, [190]
"Z.," temple known as, [68] f., [84];
plan of, [68]; restoration of, [69];
position in plan, [23]
Zabâia, king of Larsa, [89] f., [135]; in List, [318]
Zabilum, [155]
Zahshali, [136]
Zabuin, king of First Dynasty, [149], in Lists, [310] f.
Zabzallat, [243]
Zagros, Gates of, [5]
Zakar, [147]
Zakar-dada, [153]
Zakku-igitlim, [180]
Zakku-Isharlim. [130]
Zamama, [148], [145]; Court (or Terrace)
of, [80]; see E-mete-ursag
Zamama-shum-iddin, king of Third Dynasty, [244] f.; in List, [320]
Zambia, king of Nîsin, [150]; in List, [319]
Zamua, [259]
Zanki, [255]
Zarkhanum, [208]
Zebu, or humped oxen, [175], [202] f.
Zedekiah, king of Judah, [277]
Zerubbabel, [313]
Zeus, [72], [305]
Zeus Belus, [38]
Zîatum, scribe, [93]
Ziggurats, [74]; see Temple-towers
Zilakum, city, [207]
Zilakum Canal, [207]
Zimmern, Prof. H., [290]
Zodiac, signs of the, [310] ff.
Zuliya, Mitannian name, [139]
[...-akh]ê-iddina, possibly king of Eighth Dynasty, [259]
[....]-[Bu]riash, king of Third Dynasty, [242]; in List, [320]