[223] Lord Howick was First Lord of the Admiralty, and Lord Henry Petty Chancellor of the Exchequer.
[224] Ali Pacha, vizier of Janina (1744–1822), son of an Albanian chief. He made his name by cruelty and brigandage, and was appointed Governor of Trikala by the Turks for his assistance against Russia. He allied himself to Napoleon in 1797, and again in 1807, but went over to the English after the treaty of Tilsit. He made himself practically independent of the Turks, who decided to rid themselves of him, and having taken him prisoner, treacherously put him to death.
[225] Two important points were at issue between England and the United States, and popular excitement had risen to such a pitch in the latter country that a non-importation order had been issued against British goods, to take effect on November 15. The first ground of complaint was the right claimed by England of searching and taking deserters out of American ships; the second, the practice of seizing ships engaged in the carrying trade between France and her colonies, although they had touched at a neutral port.
[226] James Monroe (1758–1831) who took a leading part in the war of Secession and sat in the United States Senate from 1790 to 1794. He was then sent as Ambassador to Paris, but was recalled two years later. He was again sent there in 1802, and was employed for some years in London and Madrid. He returned to America after the refusal of Jefferson to ratify this treaty. He was appointed Secretary of State in 1811, and was elected President in 1816, a post which he retained until he retired from public life in 1825. He was the author of the message to Congress in 1823, embodying the principles known as the ‘Monroe doctrine.’
[227] William Pinkney (1764–1822), an Englishman by birth, who gained distinction in the legal profession. He was first sent to London in 1796 by Washington and added diplomacy to his other employments. Going back to America in 1804 he returned to England two years later, and remained as Minister till 1811. He was Attorney-General of the United States for three years, and was Minister to Russia for a short time.
[228] The latter was taken ill on the journey, returned immediately to England, and died a few days after his arrival.
[229] The correspondence relating to these negotiations is given in the Annual Register for 1806.
[230] ‘His tenacity about the uti possidetis, and his frequent recurrence to that phrase, led Napoleon to reproach him with an adherence to “des formules Latines,” which to those well acquainted with the nature of Lauderdale’s acquirements in classical phraseology was diverting enough.’ (Memoirs of the Whig Party).
[231] Comte de Montrond. See ante, ii. 159.
[232] Baron André Jakovlevitch Budberg (1750–1812).