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[LA VÉRENDRYE EXPLORATIONS, 1731-43] Map by Bartholomew. | Facing page 1 |
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[
AN INDIAN ENCAMPMENT] Painting by Paul Kane. | " " 48 |
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AN ASSINIBOINE INDIAN] From a pastel by Edmund Morris. | " " 52 |
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MANDAN GIRLS] From Pritchard's 'Natural History of Man.' | " " 68 |
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TABLET DEPOSITED BY LA VÉRENDRYE, 1743] From photographs lent by Charles N. Bell, F.R.G.S., President of the Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society. | " " 90 |
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THE MARQUIS DE LA GALISSONIÈRE] From an engraving in the Château de Ramezay. | " " 96 |
La Vérendrye Explorations, 1731-43
CHAPTER I
EARLY SERVICE
Canada has had many brave sons, but none braver than Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye, who gave all that he had, including his life, for the glory and welfare of his country. La Vérendrye was born in the quaint little town of Three Rivers, on the St Lawrence, on November 17, 1685. His father was governor of the district of which Three Rivers was the capital; his mother was a daughter of Pierre Boucher, a former governor of the same district. In those days, when Canada was still a French colony, both Three Rivers and Montreal had their own governors, while the whole colony was under the authority of the governor-general, who lived at Quebec.
At that time Three Rivers was a more important place than it is to-day. Next to Quebec and Montreal, it was the largest town in Canada. If we could see it as it was in the days of La Vérendrye, we should find it very different from the towns we know. It was surrounded by a strong wall and protected with cannon. The town had always a garrison of regular soldiers, and this garrison was supported in times of necessity by every man and boy in Three Rivers. Those who lived in the neighbourhood were also liable to be called upon for the service of defence. In those days, when the dreaded Iroquois might at any moment swoop down upon the little settlement, every man kept his gun within reach, and every man knew how to use it. When the alarm was given, men, women, and children swarmed into Three Rivers, and the town became a secure fortress; for the Indians, ready enough to ambush small parties of white men in the forest or in the fields, rarely dared to attack walled towns.