[the State], meaning California; but the state of California. See [states].
the South, an undefined geographical location.
the Southeast. Same as South.
a south wind.
[States]: The state of New York, the empire of Germany; but New York State, the German Empire, because the official names. The Southern States, the Northern States, but the states and territories of the United States.
[Sciences]: All references to algebra, botany, geometry, chemistry, and like names of science are written without the capital initial.
Streets: First Street, Sixty-first Avenue, etc.
Second Corps.
[Seasons]: The seasons are not capitalized, unless in personification.
spring is here.