Occasionally, in emphatic speech, the same division is made within other formations: umakiyàt, umakyàt climbed (-akiyàt climb with prefixed -um-), occasionally, but rarely, um-ʾakiyàt, 35usually umakiyàt, umakyàt (by § [30]).
35. Reduction of the glottal stop and contraction of vowels occur only in a few much-used combinations of words: si Andrès (si is the article of proper names), also siy Andrès, sy Andrès; Ano iyàn? What’s that?, also Ano yàn? and even An yàn?; na 40itò this (na is a particle expressing attribution), also na yitò, na ytò.
36. Occasionally such reductions go even farther, as in anò in the preceding paragraph, and occur where the glottal stop is not involved: as, sà for isà one in sà m pùʾ ten, for isà ŋ pùʾ.
37. The words at, ay, and na have also a shorter form, t, y, 5and ŋ, respectively, which occurs only (but not always) after a final vowel, glottal stop, or n. When these forms are used, the final glottal stop or n is lost (§§ [15], [20]) and the t, y, or ŋ is treated in every way exactly as though it were part of the preceding word: butò at balàt, butò t balàt bone and skin, i. e. butòt-balàt; Iyòn 10ay mabúti, Iyò y mabúti. That’s good, i. e. iyòy-mabú-ti; aŋ bátaʾ na mabaìt (clumsy, as in the speech of a child just learning to speak, for:) aŋ báta ŋ mabaìt the good child, i. e. aŋ-bá-taŋ-mabaʾìt.
3. Accentuation.
15a. Word-accent.
38. In a word of more than one syllable at least one syllable is normally spoken with a greater degree of stress than the others.
The unstressed syllables have short vowels (about as long as the vowel in English pit or put) and close syllable-stress (§ [25]).
2039. A non-final syllable ending in a non-syllabic (i. e. a closed non-final syllable) never has the stress; such words as luk-sò jump, muk-hàʾ face, ak-làt book are therefore always oxytone. The only exceptions are syllables ending in ay; this combination seems to be felt as a unit capable of open syllable-stress: káy-lan, 25ké-lan when; further, the words mín-san once, pín-san cousin, and nàn-don, by-form of ná-roòn is there; and, finally, unassimilated foreign words: bès-bol, sèr-mon, kwàr-ta, kwàl-ta money (Spanish cuarto), but also Tagalized kwaltà.
Words like ká-pwàʾ (beside ká-puwàʾ) are not exceptions, for 30the first syllable is not closed (§ [27]).