Umakyàt siyà, Umakyat syà. He climbed, but also Umakyàt 25sya.
Áakyàt siyà, Áakyat syà. He will climb, but also Áakyàt sya.
Gánu ka na bà kakínis? How clever are you now? (kà, nà, bà are all enclitic).
Enclitics have the further (and more easily recognized) peculiarity 30that they follow the first orthotonic (i. e. neither atonic nor pretonic, § [48]) word of the expression to which they belong (either as modifiers or as subject):
aŋ mahahába nya ŋ paà his (niyà, enclitic) long legs.
When several enclitics come together the last one is often 35stressed. Monosyllabic enclitics precede disyllabic:
Nahánap na nyà aŋ sombréro. He has already looked for the hat. (nà and niyà are enclitics; the latter is treated as disyllabic even when in the contracted form nyà).
The enclitics are:
40(1) always: the monosyllabic forms of the personal pronouns, namely kà, kò, mò, and the words (particles) bà, bagà, dàw, dìn, màn, múna, nà, namàn, nawàʾ, ŋàʾ, pà, palà, pòʾ, sána, tulòy.
(2) frequently or in certain senses: the disyllabic forms of the personal pronouns (including siyà, syà and niyà, nyà) except ikàw (which is never enclitic), the demonstrative pronouns, and the words díne, díto, diyàn, doòn, kayàʾ, lámaŋ, ulèʾ; occasionally 5short phrases (§ [88]).