74. To the exclamatory type belongs the use in independent sentences of certain particles, the primary interjections: Abà! 15Ah! Aráy! Ouch! Ó! Oh!
As in other languages, some of these violate the normal phonetic structure, that is, are “inarticulate”: Sss! Whew!, uttered when the weather is very hot. One whistles when one wants the wind to blow.
2075. To the exclamatory type belong, further, words and phrases used as secondary interjections: Anò! What! (unpleasant surprise). Inà ko! or: Ina kò! Mother of mine! Ano ŋ hína mo! What weakness of-you! i. e. How weak you are!
As the second example shows, object expressions are here used 25without aŋ (§ [68]).
76. Certain words with the prefix ka- expressing high degree of a quality (see Morphology), with their attributes: Kaitìm naŋ gabi! What-blackness of-the night! i. e. How black the night is!
77. Certain words with the prefix ka- and reduplication expressing 30recent completion of an act (see Morphology), with their modifiers: Karáratiŋ ko pa lámaŋ! Just-arriving by-me still only! i. e. I have only just arrived.
78. Vocatives, in calling or address: Kayò ŋ maŋa makasalánan! Ye sinners! In this use personal names lack si and all 35object expressions lack aŋ (§ [68]): Hwàn! Juan! Mámaʾ! Sir! Áli! Madam! Wala ŋ hiyàʾ! Shameless one!
79. Commands of certain brusque or familiar types, used, e. g., to children, servants, animals, in haste or excitement: Hintú na! Stop! Ílag na! Get out of the way! Súloŋ! Go ahead! 40Hurry up! Panáog nà sa báhay! Come down from the house! Come on out! Tàbí poʾ Look out please! (Cry of drivers to people on the street. The accent is irregular by § [51] for tabì).
80. Certain set expressions, such as greetings: Maganda ŋ áraw pòʾ! Good-morning! Salámat. Thanks. Salámat sa iyò. 5Thank you.
81. Expressions of affirmation and negation: Óo. Yes. Oo ŋàʾ. Yes indeed. Támaʾ. That’s right, Exactly. Hindìʾ. No. Walàʾ. None, Nothing, There isn’t.