103. The definite object predicate is especially emphatic in sentences that have as subject a transient word (with or without 15modifiers) in object construction: Si Hwàn aŋ nagnákaw. It was Juan who did the stealing. Siya rìn aŋ kanya ŋ inìíbig. It was he whom she loved. Both nagnákaw and inìíbig are transient.
104. When an emphatic actor cannot be used as subject of a transient predicate (owing to the presence of other definite object 20ideas, § [94]), it is often used as the predicate in this construction,—the transient part of the sentence being put into object construction and used as subject. Thus, if, in the sentence: Itò y ginawá ni Hwàn. This (subject) was-done (direct passive) by Juan, the idea of “Juan”, the actor, should become dominant, 25one would not use the active transient predicate (”Si Hwàn ay gumawá nitò”), for the idea of “this” is too definite to allow of the actor’s functioning as subject; one says instead: Si Hwàn aŋ gumawá nitò. It was Juan who did this, with “Juan” as definite object predicate and the rest of the sentence, objectivized, as subject. 30So: Siyà aŋ nagbigày sa ákin naŋ aklàt. It was he that gave me the (or a) book, books. (cf. § [93]). Ikaw ŋàʾ aŋ nagsábi niyàn. It was you yourself who said that.
105. Less commonly the subject precedes the predicate. In this case the construction is quite normal and unemphatic; if 35there is a transient element it usually stands in the predicate: Itò y aŋ áki ŋ tìráhan. This (subject) is my dwelling. Si Hwàn ay aŋ nagnákaw. Juan is the one who did the stealing.
106. (B) In the circumlocutory definite object predicate the central element is the pronoun siyà (in this use never enclitic), 40which is followed by modifiers which express the real content of the predicate. In this use siyà may apply to inanimate objects and to two or more objects (§ [63]). The subject, which has always a moderate degree of emphasis, usually precedes: Itò ay sya kò ŋ tìráhan. This is what is my home, i. e. This is where I live. In most cases the real content of the predicate is a transient 5word (with or without modifiers): Si Pédro ay sya ŋ tumútuktòk. Pedro is the one (siyà) who is knocking. (Less emphatic than the violently transposed Si Pédro aŋ tumútuktòk. It’s Pedro who is knocking, of type A). Aŋ pagkátahol naŋ áso ay syà ŋ ikinágisiŋ naŋ bátaʾ. The barking of the dog is what woke up the 10child. Aŋ maŋa paŋparikìt ay sya kò ŋ pinamutúlan. The kindlings are what I have cut up. Occasionally the predicate precedes: Baká sya ŋ ikapútol naŋ piŋgà aŋ kabigatàn naŋ buháŋin. Perhaps that which may break the carrying-pole (predicate) the weight of the sand (subject), i. e. See that the weight of the sand 15doesn’t break the carrying-pole.
107. This construction, like that of type (A), is often used when a transient predicate is not permissible with an actor-subject; here, however, the sentence is not, as in (A), reversed, but the actor is used as subject and the rest of the sentence as true 20content of the circumlocutory predicate: Si Hwàn ay syà ŋ gumawá nito. Juan is the one who did this. Si Pédro ay syà ŋ nagbigày sa ákin naŋ aklàt. Pedro is the person who gave me the book.
108. A predicate of this type may, in its entirety and as a 25unit, be objectivized with aŋ and used as subject of a sentence of type (A): Aŋ médiko lámaŋ ay sya nyà ŋ màkàkatálo. The doctor alone will be the one to oppose him (literally: he by-him who will-be-opposed, direct passive): Aŋ médiko lámaŋ aŋ sya nyà ŋ màkàkatálo. It is the doctor alone who will be the one to 30oppose him. Aŋ bintána ŋ iyàn aŋ syà ŋ kahùhulúgan naŋ bátaʾ! It’s that window that will be the place where the child will fall out!
109. (C) The indefinite object predicate has the structure of an object expression, but lacks aŋ (§ [68]). In meaning it corresponds, 35roughly, to an English noun-predicate without the: Itò y librò. This (subject) is a book (predicate). Yo y súnog. That’s a fire. Itò y mabúti ŋ librò. This is a good book. Si Hwàn ay isa ŋ magnanákaw. Juan is a thief. Masípag na táo itò. Industrious people (predicate) these (subject), i. e. These are industrious 40people.
110. As indefinite object predicates occur especially the expressions of indefinite quantity (§ [69]). In this use they have possessive value: Sya y máy famílya. He has a family. May ápat na pu ŋ paà aŋ hábaʾ. Having forty feet (predicate) the length (subject), i. e. The length is about forty feet. Sya y máy-roo ŋ aklàt. He has a book, books. Sya y wala ŋ aklàt. He has no book, 5no books. Sya y marámi ŋ salapèʾ. He has much money. Hindí maláo ŋ panahòn aŋ kanya ŋ paghihimatày. Her fainting-spell did not last long. Itò y malakì ŋ kagamitàn. This has great use, is much used.
It is to be noted that all the modifiers of indefinite quantity, 10except máy, which is pretonic, are orthotonic and therefore followed by an enclitic subject (§ [89]): Máy-roon sya ŋ aklàt. He has no book. But: May dalawà sya ŋ anàk. He has two children.