119. We may distinguish four constructions in which an attribute may stand: 1. Conjunctive attribution: the attribute is joined by means of the particle na or ŋ: isa ŋ táo a person, one person; 2. Disjunctive attribution: the attribute, which is always 35an object expression, stands in a special disjunctive form, aŋ, for instance, being changed to naŋ: aŋ púno naŋ uŋgòʾ the tree of the monkey; 3. Local attribution: the attribute, which is always an object expression, stands in a special local form, aŋ, for instance, being always changed to sa: nalìlígo sa ílog bathing in the 40river; 4. Absolute attribution: the attribute merely precedes or follows: hindí támaʾ not correct.
In a sense the last three constructions, which do not employ the particle na, ŋ, stand opposed to the first, which does. Constructions 2 and 3 make it possible to speak, in a very wide sense, of three “cases” in which an object expression may stand: “subjective” 5aŋ ílog the river, “disjunctive” naŋ ílog of the river, and “local” sa ílog in the river; but it is to be observed that these “cases” are not confined to any class of words, but appear in any word or phrase when it stands in the object construction.[4]
120. In position attributes may be:
10A. Loosely joined. In this position occur only attributes of a predicate (or of an entire non-predicative sentence). Their treatment resembles that of a non-enclitic subject (§ [89]): they either precede the rest of the sentence with ay, y, or follow at the end of the sentence: Doòn ay syà y nahigàʾ. There (doòn, loosely 15joined) he lay down. Nahánap ko nà aŋ sombréro sa lahàt naŋ súlok. I have looked for the hat in every corner. The phrase beginning with sa is loosely joined; it follows all the rest of the sentence, including even the subject, aŋ sombréro.
In the placing of enclitics a loosely joined attribute is ignored: 20Pagulàn ay gamítin mo aŋ kapóte. When it rains use your rain-coat. The enclitic mò follows the first orthotonic word of the predicate (which it modifies), not counting the loosely joined pagulàn.
When a loosely joined attribute precedes, the ay, y is in some 25cases left off: Dahil díto tináwag nya aŋ kaybígan nya. Therefore he called his friend. The position of the enclitic niyà shows that dahil díto is loosely joined, but ay, y is not used.
Occasionally a loosely joined attribute is preceded by the subject and only one ay, y is used: Karanyúwa y aŋ kosinéro y 30upahàn. Usually (loosely joined) the cook is hired; but also: Aŋ kosinéro karanyúwa y upahàn.
B. Closely joined. The attribute immediately precedes or follows that modified: hindí támaʾ not correct; aŋ púno naŋ uŋgòʾ the tree of the monkey.
35C. Enclitic. They follow immediately on the first word of the expression modified, counting closely joined attributes, but not loosely joined: Hindí ko nàlàláman. Not by-me (it) is-known, i. e. I don’t know. aŋ mahahába nya ŋ paà his (niyà enclitic) long legs.
121. Some attributes always precede (so e. g. hindìʾ, § [239]); others always follow (so, for instance, disjunctive attributes, 5§ [171]).