Venezuela

by Leonard V. Dalton

408. ⸺. Petroleum in Venezuela. London Iron Trades Exchange, vol. xxviii, p. 397 [1880].

409. ⸺. Les Sources du Pétrole de Vénézuéla. Ann. Industr., t. xix, p. 393 [1887].

410. ⸺. The Asphalt Deposits of Venezuela. Eng. Min. Journ., vol. lxxi, p. 303 [1901].

411. ⸺. Der Bermudez Asphalt-streit. Asphalt Teerind. Zeit., bd. v, pp. 287, 288 [1905].

See also Nos. [68], [69], [70], [132], [281], [291], [314], [316], [326], [342], [345], [346], [352], [370].

INDEX

Names of persons in capitals.

• A
• Aborigines ([119-134]);
• bibliography, [302-304];
• measures for civilisation of, [79], [97], [234]
• Achaba, Mt., [220]
• Administrative divisions, [108], [109]
• AGUIRRE, LOPE DE, [74-76]
• ALDAMA, JUAN DE, [200], [201]
• ALFINGER, AMBROSIUS, [71], [72], [151]
• Altagracia (Zulia), [154]
• AMALIVACA, legend of, [64]
• Amazon basin, communication with Orinoco, [232-234]
• Amazonas territory, [223-234];
• population, [273];
• bibliography, [310], [311]
• Amazons, villages and communities of, [123], [124]
• Améha, Mt., [220], [221]
• AMPIES, JUAN DE, [71], [72]
• Andes of Venezuela, [31], [32], [157-170];
• principal heights, [282];
• bibliography, [306], [307]
• ANDRÉ, E., [49], [220], [221]
• Angostura. See [Ciudad Bolivar]
• ANZOÁTEGUI, General, [89]
• Anzoátegui, State of, [199-202], [208];
• population of, &c., [269]
• Apure, State of, [199], [258];
• population of, &c., [269]
• Aragua de Barcelona, [202];
• population and climate, [282]
• Aragua de Maturín, [188]
• Aragua, State of, [143-145];
• population of, &c., [269]
• Arawak Indians, [125], [133]
• Araya, Castle of, [69], [70], [185];
• Salina of, [244]
• Area of the Republic, [25]
• Arecuna Indians, [122]
• Areo, [207], [208]
• ARIAS, DOMINGO, [186]
• Arichi, Mt., [220]
• ARISMENDI, JUAN BAUTISTA, [87], [90]
• Army, [117], [118]
• Aroa, [173], [174];
• copper-mines of, [246]
• Arrowroot. See [Manioc]
• Asphalt, [45], [46], [150], [188], [190], [191], [202], [203], [245]
• Asunción, [182];
• foundation of, [70];
• population and climate, [281]
• Atabapo, River, [224]
• Atures Rapids, [225], [226]
• Atures (town), [227]
• AYARES, PEDRO, [216]
• B
• Bailadores, [167];
• copper near, [245]
• Balatá, [49], [212], [215], [218], [250]
• Baniba Indians, [125], [130-133], [230]
• Banking, [113], [239], [240]
• BARALT, R., [97], [152]
• Barbacoas, [209]
• Barcelona, [199-202];
• salt of, [244];
• railway to Guanta, [255];
• population and climate, [281]
• Baria Indians, [125]
• Barinas, [210];
• population and climate, [282]
• BARING BROTHERS, [242]
• Barquisimeto, [172], [247];
• population and climate, [281]
• Barrancas, [192]
• BASTIDAS, DON RODRIGO DE, [73]
• BATES, H. W., [53]
• Bejucal, [48]
• BERMUDEZ, GEN. JUAN, [87]
• “Bermudez” Asphalt Lake, [188], [203], [245]
• BERRIO Y ORUÑA, DON ANTONIO DE, [78]
• Betijoque, [169]
• Bibliography, [287-314]
• Bifurcation of the Casiquiare (Orinoco and Amazon), [230], [232], [233]
• Birds, [55-58]
• Birth-customs, Indian, [128]
• Bishop of Coro, first, [73]
• BLANCO, GUZMAN, [100], [101]
• BOBADILLA, DON FRANCISCO DE, [231]
• Bobures, [165]
• Boconó, [169];
• population and climate, [281]
• BOLIVAR, SIMON: early life and character of, [87];
• dispatched to England, [82];
• work as liberator, [87-95];
• death, [95];
• publicly honoured, [97], [98]
• Bolivar Railway, [145], [158], [172-174], [255]
• Bolivar, State of, [211-222];
• population of, &c., [270];
• Bibliography, [308-310]
• Botany, [47-52];
• Bibliography, [294-297]
• BRASCHI, SÑR. ANTONIO, [169]
• Brazil, frontier with, [106]
• Brazil nuts, [49], [228]
• British Guiana, frontier with, [107], [108];
• dispute over, [102], [103]
• British legion, [91], [93], [94]
• British trade with Venezuela, [266], [267].
• See [Trade]
• Budget, [283], [284]
• Burial-customs, Indian, [121], [128]
• BURKE, WILLIAM, [85]
• C
• Cable Company, [254]
• Cadupinapo Indians, [122]
• Caicara, [221]
• Calabozo, [209];
• population and climate, [282]
• Callao goldfields, [213-217], [246]
• Camaguan, [209]
• CANADIAN-VENEZUELAN ORE CO., LTD., [244]
• Cannibalism of the Conquistadores, [72];
• alleged cannibalism of Indians, [122], [123]
• Caño Colorado, [203]
• Caños, [29]
• Capatárida, [178];
• tobacco of, [249]
• Capital, returns on, [243];
• British capital in Venezuela, [266]
• Capitania General of Venezuela established, [80]
• Capuchin missions, [79]
• Carabobo, Battle of, [93], [94]
• Carabobo, State of, [145-148];
• population of, &c., [270]
• Carácas, [138-141];
• foundation of, [76];
• university founded, [80];
• Junta of, [82];
• brewery, [251];
• Academy of History, [251];
• telephones, [254];
• tramways, [256];
• population and climate, [281];
• bibliography, [304], [305]
• Carache, [169], [170]
• Carapo, [218]
• Caratal, [216]
• Carenero-Rio Chico Railway, [142], [143], [255]
• Carib Indians, [122-125]
• Caribbean Hills, [29], [30];
• towns of, &c., [135-148], [181-192];
• bibliography, [304], [305], [307], [308]
• Caribe (fish), [59]
• Caroni, River, [213], [218], [219]
• Carora, [176]
• Carúpano, [188], [189];
• sulphur near, [245];
• population and climate, [281]
• Caruzana Indians, [125]
• “Casa Fuerte,” Barcelona, [90], [200], [201]
• Casiquiare bifurcation, [230], [232], [233]
• Cassava. See [Manioc]
• CASTELLON, JACOME DE, [70]
• CASTRO, CIPRIANO, [103], [104], [176], [189], [190]
• CASTRO, JULIAN, [99]
• Cataniapo, River, [227], [228]
• Catatumbo, River, [33], [153]
• Cattle. See [Stock-farming]
• Caura, River, [219-221]
• Ceiba tree, [49]
• Central Railway, [141], [142], [255], [256]
• Centralists. See [Oligarca]
• CHALBAUD, GEN. R. D., [226]
• Chama, River, [164]
• CHAMBERLAIN, COL. C., [201]
• Chaparro, [50]
• Chimo, [46]
• Cienagas, [28]
• Cinchona, [50], [52]
• Cinnabar, [222]
• Ciudad Bolivar, [212];
• Congress of Angostura, [91];
• population and climate, [282]
• Climate, [33-36], [196], [222], [281], [282]
• Coal, [44], [45], [150], [159], [161], [176], [202], [243], [244]
• Coche (island), [185];
• salt of, [244]
• Cocoa, [141-143], [155], [159], [188], [248], [249];
• wild, [228], [248]
• Cocuiza (fibre). See [Fibre]
• CODAZZI, COL. A., [97], [251]
• Coffee, [141-143], [159], [161], [248]
• Coinage, [112-114], [239]
• Cojedes, State, [199], [210];
• population of, &c., [270]
• Cojoro;
• Harbour of, [151]
• Colombia;
• frontier with, [106], [107]
• Colombia;
• Republic of Great, [92], [94], [95]
• Colón, [161]
• Colonisation, [234], [263], [264];
• Bibliography, [313]
• COLUMBUS, [64], [65]
• Communications, [252-260], [266];
• Bibliography, [312-314]
• COMPAÑÍA ANÓNIMA DE NAVEGACION FLUVIAL Y COSTANERA, [226]
• COMPAÑÍA DE PETROLEO DE TÁCHIRA, [161], [245]
• COMPAÑÍA GUIPUZCOANA, [80], [209], [236]
• Conquistadores;
• character of the, [61], [62];
• cruelties of, [66-70]
• Constitution of Venezuela;
• of 1811, [85], [86];
• of 1819, [91];
• changes in, [104], [105];
• modern form, [109]
• Copaiba-balsam, [49], [155], [219], [250]
• Copper, [45], [143], [159], [173], [174], [228], [245], [246]
• Coro, [177], [178], [247];
• foundation of, [71];
• population and climate, [281];
• first bishop of, [73];
• coal of, [243];
• Coro-La Vela Railway, [178], [256]
• Cotton, [144-146], [170], [172], [249]
• CRESPO, President, [101], [102]
• Cristobal Colón (Puerto), [189], [190]
• Cúa, [143]
• Cuacua Indians, [122]
• Cubagua (island), [183], [184];
• history of, [67], [70], [73]
• Cuchivero, River, [221], [222]
• Cucuhy, [234]
• Cuestas, [169]
• Cumaná, [185], [186];
• foundation of, [69], [70];
• population and climate, [281]
• Cumanacoa, [186]
• Cura, [218]
• Curaçao, [179], [180]
• Curare, [124], [227]
• Curasicana Indians, [122]
• Curataquiche, [208]
• Currency, [112-114], [239]
• D
• Debt of Venezuela, [240-243], [285]
• DE LESSEPS, F., [138]
• Delta Territory, [191], [192];
• Indians of, [125-130], [191];
• population, [273];
• Bibliography, [307], [308]
• DISKONTO GESELLSCHAFT (BERLIN), [242]
• Dividive. See [Dye-woods], &c.
• Dominican missionaries, [67], [68]
• D’ORBIGNY, A., on Quichuas, [130]
• DRAKE, SIR F., [77]
• Duaca, [173]
• DUDLEY, SIR R., [45]
• Duida, Mt., [230], [231]
• Dye-woods, [51], [170], [191]
• E
• Earthquakes, [43], [44], [86], [164], [185]
• Education, [112], [234], [251], [266]
• Egret-plumes, [57]
• Ejido, [165]
• El Callao, [215-217];
• goldmine of, [246]
• El Cobre, [162]
• “EL DORADO,” legend of, [73], [78], [79];
• origin of, [63], [64]
• Erewato, River, [220]
• Escuque, [169]
• Esmeralda, [224]
• Estanques, [165]
• Ethnology, [119-134];
• Bibliography, [302-304]
• Executive; departments of, [110], [117], [118]
• F
• Falcón, State of, [177], [178];
• population of, &c., [270];
• Bibliography, [307]
• FAXARDO, FRANCISCO, [74]
• Federal District, [135-141];
• population, [273];
• Bibliography, [304], [305]
• Federalists. See [Liberal]
• FEDERMANN, NICOLAUS, [73]
• Fibre, [172], [178], [189]
• Finance; National, [264-266], [283-285]
• Foreigners; laws relating to, [111]
• Franciscan missionaries, [67], [68], [79]
• FREITES, PEDRO MARIA, [90], [201]
• G
• Galera; La, [41]
• GENERAL FINANCE AND CREDIT CO., [242]
• Geology, [38-46];
• Bibliography, [292-294]
• German residents, [152], [212], [239]
• Gibraltar, [154], [155];
• occupied by patriots in 1821, [93]
• Goajiro Indians, [119-122], [155]
• Goat-farming, [150], [176], [178], [247]
• Gold, [45], [159], [165], [189], [213-217], [228], [231], [232], [236], [246]
• GOMEZ, GEN. JUAN VICENTE, [104], [105], [145], [265], [266]
• Government; policy of, [265], [266]
• GRAMONT (buccaneer), [155]
• Great Táchira Railway, [154], [256]
• Great Venezuelan Railway, [143-146], [256]
• Guacharo (bird), [56], [57];
• cave of, [187]
• Guaharibo Indians, [125], [231]
• Guahibo Indians, [125]
• Guaica Indians, [126]
• Guainia River, [233], [234]
• Guaipunavi. See [Puinabi]
• Guaiqueria Indians, [67]
• Gual and España Revolution, [80]
• Guanare, [210];
• population and climate, [282]
• Guaniamo, River, [222]
• Guano, [180]
• Guanta, [202]
• Guarapiche River, [203]
• “Guarapo,” [137]
• Guaraunos. See [Warraus]
• Guareca. See [Wareca]
• Guárico, River, [195]
• Guárico, State of, [199], [209];
• population of, &c., [270]
• Guasipati, [215];
• population and climate, [281]
• Guatavita Indians, [63]
• Guaviare, River, [224]
• Guayabal, [209]
• Guayana, [26], [27], [211-234];
• geology of, [38-40];
• trees and plants of, [47-50];
• goldfields of, [213-217], [246];
• cocoa, [248];
• old roads in, [257];
• possibilities of, [263];
• bibliography, [308-311]
• Guayana Vieja, [192], [210];
• foundation of, [78];
• taken by Raleigh, [79]
• Guayungomo. See [Maquiritare]
• GUERRA, L. and C., expedition to West Indies, [66]
• Guipuzcoana Company. See [Compañía Guipuzcoana]
• H
• HARRISON, J. B., [45]
• Headless men, [123]
• Health, public, [36], [37], [111]
• History, [61-105];
• Bibliography, [297-302]
• Hospitality, [115], [165], [166], [205], [206]
• Hot springs, [44], [168], [169]
• HUMBOLDT, F. H. A. VON, [46], [56], [209], [225]
• HUTEN, PHILIP VON, [73]
• HYLACOMYLUS, MARTIN, [66]
• I
• Imataca Mts., [192];
• iron of, [244]
• IM THURN, SIR E., on Arawaks, [133]
• Independence, Declaration of, [83]
• Industries, [250], [251]
• Inirida, River, [224]
• Insignia of the republic, [118]
• Iron, [45], [192], [228], [244]
• J
• Jefe Civil; functions of, [110]
• Jesuit missions, [79], [122], [133], [134]
• Justice, administration of, [111]
• K
• KARSTEN, H., [44]
• KINGSLEY, C. (“Westward Ho!”), [77]
• L
• La Ceiba Railway, [158], [169], [255]
• La Grita, [162], [163]
• La Guaira, [135-137];
• population and climate, [281]
• La Guaira-Carácas Railway, [137], [138], [255]
• LA GUAIRA HARBOUR CORPORATION, [136]
• Lagunillas, [165]
• “Lajas,” [220];
• minerals in, [228]
• LANDAETA ROSALES, MANUEL, [201]
• Languages; Indian, [126]
• Lara, State of, [171-173], [175-177];
• population of, &c., [271]
• Las Aves Islands, [180]
• LAS CASAS, BARTOLOMÉ DE, [69], [70], [185]
• “Las Laderas,” [166]
• Las Trincheras hot-springs, [44]
• La Vela, [178]
• La Victoria, [144];
• population and climate, [281]
• Lead, [45]
• LEDESMA, DON ALONSO ANDREA DE, [77]
• Legislature of Venezuela, [110], [111]
• Liberal party, [97]
• LIDUEÑA, GONZALO PIÑA, [154]
• Liquid fuel, [262], [263]
• Llanos, [27-29], [193-210], [246], [247];
• houses on, [204-207];
• commercial possibilities of, [262];
• bibliography, [308]
• Lobatera, [161]
• LOSADA, DIEGO DE, founder of Carácas, [76]
• Los Apartaderos, [167]
• Los Castillos (de Guayana), [192]
• Los Roques Islands, [180]
• Los Teques, [143], [144];
• population and climate, [281]
• M
• Macanao, [182]
• Maco or Macapure Indians, [122]
• Macusi Indians, [122]
• Macuto, [136]
• Mahogany, [49]
• Maipures Rapids, [225], [226]
• Maiquetia, [136]
• Maiquetia-Macuto Railway, [136], [255]
• Mandawak Indians, [126]
• Manganese, [228]
• Manioc, [116], [131], [142]
• Mapoyo. See [Cuacua]
• Maquiritare Indians, [122], [221], [232]
• Maracaibo, [149-153];
• Indians in, [120];
• Bank of, [240];
• coal of, [243];
• Lake of, [33], [149], [150], [153], [154], [156];
• “Lights” of, [156];
• salt of, [244];
• population and climate, [281]
• Maracas (rattles), [124], [125]
• Maracay, [144], [145]
• Marapizano. See [Caruzana]
• Margarita (island), [181-183];
• named by Columbus, [65]
• MARIÑO, SANTIAGO, [87-90], [94], [96], [265];
• deserts Freites, [90]
• Maroa, [233]
• Marriage customs; Indian, [125], [128], [131-133]
• Marriage laws, [111]
• Massacre of Spaniards by Indians, [231], [232]
• Maturín, [202-208];
• population and climate, [282]
• MEAT PRODUCTS SYNDICATE, [147], [247], [249]
• Medicine-men, [121], [122], [130]
• MENDOZA, DON JOAQUIN MORENO DE, [212].
• Merevari River, [232].
• See also Caura
• Mérida (city), [163-165];
• population and climate, [281]
• Mérida; Cordillera of, [32];
• Sierra Nevada of, [32], [164], [165], [282]
• Mérida, State of, [163-167];
• population of, &c., [271]
• “Mesas”; [28], [163], [194]
• Mestizos; rising of, [88];
• transfer support to patriots, [92]
• Milk; vegetable, [155]
• Mineral wealth and mining, [44-46], [148], [159], [173], [174], [243];
• early exploitation, [74]
• MIRANDA, DON FRANCISCO, [81], [82];
• dictatorship and death, [86]
• Miranda, State of, [141-144];
• population, &c., [271]
• Missions, [67], [70], [79], [80], [133], [134]
• MONÁGAS; General, [89], [98], [99]
• Monágas; State of, [187], [188], [199], [202-208];
• population, &c., [271]
• Montalbán, [146]
• MONTEVERDE, DON DOMINGO DE, [86], [88]
• Mora (tree), [48], [49]
• MORALES; General, [89], [94]
• MORGAN; SIR HENRY, sacks Gibraltar, [155]
• MORILLO; General, [89], [90], [92]
• Mosquitoes, [221];
• mistaken use of name, [59]
• Motatán, [168]
• Motilones Indians, [155]
• Mucuchíes, [167]
• N
• Naiguatá (Peak), [29];
• height of, [282]
• Naricual coalmines, [202], [244]
• Navy, [117];
• dockyard, [147]
• New Andalusia; Eastern Venezuela, [50];
• named by Ojeda, [65]
• New Cadiz, [70], [73], [183], [184]
• Nichare, River, [220]
• NIÑO, PEDRO ALONSO, [66]
• Nirgua, [175]
• Nueva Esparta; State of, [181-185];
• population, &c., [271];
• Bibliography, [307], [308]
• O
• OCAMPO; GONZALEZ DE, [69], [70]
• Ocumare de la Costa, [148]
• Ocumare del Tuy, [141];
• population and climate, [281]
• Oil-bird. See [Guacharo]
• Oil-fields, [263]. See [Petroleum], &c.
• OJEDA, ALONSO DE, first to land in Venezuela, [65], [149];
• his father, [68]
• O’LEARY, DANIEL F., [91], [201]
• Oligarca party, [97]
• ORDAZ, DIEGO DE, [72]
• Orinoco, [211-234];
• steamers on, [212], [224], [225], [258];
• climate of, [222]
• Ortiz, [209]
• Otomak tribe, [122]
• OVIEDO Y BAÑOS, the historian, quoted, [74]
• P
• PACHECO, ALONSO DE, [73], [151]
• PÁEZ, JOSÉ ANTONIO, [90], [95-97]
• Pampatar, [182]
• Panama Canal; importance of, to Venezuela, [261-263]
• Pao copper-mine, [245]
• Pará; Falls of, [220]
• Paragua, River, [219]
• Paraguana, [178]
• Páramos, [162], [167], [169];
• vegetation of, [52]
• Pareca Indians, [122]
• Paria; Gulf and Peninsula of, [189], [190]
• Parima, Mts., [224]
• Pasimonabi Indians, [126]
• PATERSON, MAJOR S., [222]
• Pauare Indians, [122]
• Pearl-fisheries, [182], [184], [236]
• Pedernales, [190], [245]
• Pedraza, [210]
• Pericos, [224]
• Petare, [141], [142]
• Petroleum, [45], [46], [150], [159], [161], [169], [177], [183], [185], [186], [188], [190], [191], [245], [262], [263]
• Philanthropic institutions, [111], [112]
• Phosphate of lime, [180]
• Piapoco Indians, [125]
• PIAR, MANUEL, [87], [89], [90]
• Piaroa Indians, [125], [227]
• PIMENTEL, DON JUAN, [76]
• Pimichin, [234]
• PLASSARD, on Warraus, [129], [130]
• PONCE DE LEON, DON DIEGO, [76]
• Population, [26];
• density of, [109]
• Porlamar, [182], [183]
• Portuguesa chain, [31]
• Portuguesa, State of, [199], [210];
• population, &c., [272]
• Post Office, [252-254]
• Pregonero, [162]
• Press, [118]
• PRESTON, SIR AMYAS; takes Carácas, [77], [78]
• Protective duties, [144], [146], [250], [251]
• Puerto Cabello, [147], [148];
• and Valencia Railway, [147], [256];
• Meat Syndicate and, [247];
• population and climate, [281]
• Puerto San Juan, [188]
• Puerto Sucre, [185]
• Puerto Tablas, [213], [214]
• Puerto Villamizar, [154]
• Puinabi Indians, [125]
• Punceres, [188]
• Putucual; Lake of, [30]
• Q
• Quíbor, [176]
• Quichua Indians, [125]
• Quinine. See [Cinchona]
• R
• Railways, [154], [158], [159], [255], [256], [266];
• Bibliography, [312-313]
• RALEIGH, SIR WALTER, [78], [79], [192]
• Raudales. See [Rapids]
• Religions, [121], [129], [130], [131], [133], [208]
• Revolutions; of Gual and España, [80], [81];
• Wars of Independence, [82-94];
• internal, [95], [98-105]
• Rice, [220], [221]
• Rio Caribe, [189]
• Rio Chico, [143]
• Rio Negro, [233], [234]
• RIVAS, FRANCISCO ESTEBAN, [201]
• Roads, [137], [158], [159], [170], [172], [214], [246], [256-258], [266]
• “Rocas pintadas,” [63]
• RODRIGUEZ, CRISTOBAL, [197]
• RODRIGUEZ, SEÑORITA DOLORES, [291]
• ROJAS, DOÑA JUANA DE JESUS, [201]
• ROLANDO, GEN. A., [201]
• Rubber, [49], [50], [147], [220], [227], [229], [230], [249], [250]
• Rubio, [160], [161]
• S
• Saliba Indians, [125]
• Salón Elíptico, [139]
• Salt, [46], [150], [155], [185], [186], [244]
• San Antonio (Monágas), [187]
• San Antonio (Táchira), [161]
• San Carlos (Cojedes), [210];
• population and climate, [282]
• San Carlos (Rio Negro), [233]
• San Carlos (Zulia), [155]
• San Cristobal, [159], [160];
• population and climate, [281]
• San Felipe, [174];
• population and climate, [281]
• San Felix, [213], [214];
• massacre of, [90]
• San Fernando (de Apure), [199];
• population and climate, [282]
• San Fernando de Atabapo, [224];
• Population, [282]
• San Luis, [177]
• San Pedro (de Coche), [185]
• Santa Ana, [93], [169]
• Santa Barbara Railway, [154], [158], [256]
• “Santa Barbara,” Savannah, [234]
• Santa Rita, [154]
• Santa Teresa, [142]
• Sarrapia. See [Tonka-bean]
• Sarsaparilla, [222]
• SCHRÖDER, MR. VICE-CONSUL (Maracaibo), [152]
• Seasons, [34-36]
• Seboruco, [163];
• copper of, [245]
• Segovia Highlands, [30], [31];
• rocks of (Segovia Group), [41].
• See [Falcón], [Lara], &c.
• Sernambi, [250]
• Serrania Costanera, [29];
• Heights of, [282]
• Serrania Interior, [29];
• Heights of, [282]
• Shipping, [258-260]
• Sicapra, [218]
• Sierra Nevada of Mérida, [32];
• Heights of, [282].
• See [Mérida]
• SIEVERS, DR. W., [41], [153]
• Silla Peak, La, [29];
• Height of, [282]
• Silver, [159]
• Sinamaica, [155]
• Sipapo River, [227], [228]
• Siquisique, [177]
• Slavery, abolition of, [99]
• SOTO, FRANCISCO DE, [70]
• SOUBLETTE, President, [98]
• SPEYER, GEORGE VON, [73]
• SPIRA, JORGE DE. See [SPEYER, GEORGE VON]
• Starch. See [Manioc]
• Stock-farming, [143], [150], [197], [198], [227], [232], [246], [247], [262]
• SUCRE, JOSÉ DE, [87], [185]
• Sucre, State of, [185-190];
• Population, &c., [272];
• Bibliography, [307], [308]
• Sugar, [137], [144], [161], [249]
• Sulphur, [46], [189], [245]
• Surveys, [251]
• T
• Táchira, State of, [159-163];
• Population, &c., [272];
• Táchira Railway, [154], [256]
• Tamanaco tribe, [122]
• Tanneries, [250]
• Tanning barks, [51]
• Taparita Indians, [122]
• Táriba, [162]
• TAVERA-ACOSTA, quoted, [122], [125], [126], [130], [227]
• Telegraphs and telephones, [254]
• Tierra caliente, templada and fria, [34-36];
• vegetation of, [50-52]
• Timber, [150], [155], [159], [219], [228]
• Timotes, [168]
• Tobacco, [155], [159], [187], [249]
• Tocuyo, [175], [176];
• foundation of, [73]
• Tonka-beans, [49], [219], [220], [250]
• Torbes, River, [159], [160], [162]
• Tovar, [167]
• Trade, [235-251];
• British trade with Venezuela, [266], [267];
• statistics, [274-280];
• Bibliography, [312-314]
• Transport. See [Shipping], [Roads], &c.
• Travelling; difficulties of, [257]
• Trona. See [Urao]
• Trujillo (city), [168];
• armistice of, [92];
• population and climate, [281]
• Trujillo, State, [168-170];
• population, &c., [272]
• Tucacas, [172], [173], [246]
• Tucupita, [191];
• population and climate, [282]
• Tumeremo, [218]
• Tupuquen, [216]
• Turimquiri (peak), [29];
• height of, [282]
• U
• Uaica Indians, [122]
• Uajiba. See [Guahibo]
• Uayamara Indians, [122]
• Uayungomo. See [Maquiritare]
• Uiquire Indians, [122]
• Universities, [80], [251]
• Upata, [214]
• Uracá, [161], [162]
• Uracoa; reported gold near, [45]
• Urao, [46], [165]
• URDANETA, GENERAL, [98]
• Urica, [208]
• URPIN, JUAN, [199]
• URRE, FELIPE DE. See [HUTEN, PHILIP von]
• V
• Valencia, [145], [146];
• Lake of, [30], [145];
• population and climate, [281]
• Valera, [168], [169]
• Vargas (town). See [El Cobre]
• VARGAS, President, [96], [97], [265]
• Venamo valley, [217]
• Venezuela; origin of name, [65]
• Venezuelan Railway. See [Great Venezuelan Railway]
• Ventuari, River, [230-232]
• VESPUCCI, AMERIGO, fraudulent claims of, [65], [66]
• Vichada River, [229]
• Villa de Cura, [145];
• population and climate, [281]
• Vineyards, [146]
• W
• Waiomgomo. See [Maquiritare]
• WALDSEEMUELLER, M. See [HYLACOMYLUS, M.]
• WALL, G. P., [40], [42], [44]
• Wareca Indians, [125]
• Warrau Indians, [125-130], [191]
• Water power, [226], [227], [256]
• Waterways, [210], [258]
• Welser, rule of the, [71-73]
• Wheat, [141], [144], [159]
• Women; education of, [112]
• Y
• Yabarana Indians, [122]
• Yaracuy; State of, [173-175];
• population, &c., [272]
• Yaritagua, [175]
• Yaruro Indians, [126]
• Yavita, [234]
• Yavitera Indians, [125]
• Z
• Zamora; State of, [199], [210];
• population, &c., [273]
• ZARAZA, General, [89]
• Zaraza (town), [209]
• Zoology, [52-60];
• Bibliography, [294-297]
• Zulia, State of, [149-156];
• population, &c., [273];
• Bibliography, [306]

UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON.