FORMATION OF WORDS.
All words are composed of three elements, possessing an invariable form and meaning: stems, affixes (prefixes and suffixes), and grammatical terminations.
Prefixes:—
ge-, the two sexes united: ge-patri = parents.
bo-, relation by marriage: bo-patro = father-in-law.
ex-, former, ex-: ex-oficero = ex-officer.
mal-, opposite, contrary: mal-bela = ugly.
mis-, error, mistake: mis-komprenar = misunderstand.
mi-, half: mi-horo = half an hour.
re-, repetition: re-dicar = repeat, say again.
retro-, backwards: retro-sendar = return (send back).
ne-, negation: ne-utila = useless (but mal-utila = harmful).
sen-, want of: sen-arma = unarmed.
Suffixes:—
-in, female sex: frat-ino = sister.
-id, descendant: Sem-ido = Semite.
-estr, chief, director: urb-estro = mayor.
-an, member of: senat-ano = senator.
-ism, system, doctrine: socialismo = socialism.
-ist, profession, occupation: dent-isto = dentist.
-er, amateur: fotograf-ero = amateur photographer.
-ul, person who is characterised by ...: kuras-ulo = cuirassier.
-aj, concrete thing, consisting of, or made of: lan-ajo = woollen goods.
-ur, product, result: pikt-uro = a picture.
-ar, collection of a number of similar things: hom-aro = mankind.
-il, instrument, tool: bros-ilo = brush.
-ey, place for ...: kaval-eyo = stable; dorm-eyo = dormitory.
-uy, container, recipient: ink-uyo = inkpot.
-yer, that which bears or carries: pom-yero = apple tree.
-al, relating to: nacion-ala = national.
-oz, full of, provided with: por-oza = porous.
-atr, similar, like: spong-atra = sponge-like, spongy.
-iv, that which can, active possibility: instrukt-iva = instructive.
-em, addicted to: babil-ema = talkative, garrulous.
-ebl, passive possibility, that which can be ...: vid-ebla = visible.
-end, that which is to be, or must be ...: solv-enda = to be solved, requiring solution.
-ind, worthy of being: respekt-inda = worthy of respect.
-es, state of being: san-esar = to be well, whence the substantives expressing state or quality, e.g., san-eso = health.
-esk, to commence to do or to be: dorm-eskar = to fall asleep.
-ig, to make or cause to do or to be: bel-igar = beautify; dorm-igar = to send to sleep.
-ij, to become: rich-ijar = to get rich.
-iz, to furnish or provide with: arm-izar = to arm.
-if, to produce, bring forth: frukt-ifar = to fructify.
-ad, repetition, continuation: dans-ado = dancing.
-eg, augmentative: bel-ega = very beautiful.
-et, diminutive: mont-eto = hill, hillock.
-ach, derogative: popul-acho = populace, the mob.
-um, indeterminate relationship (see the dictionary),
-esm, ordinal number: un-esma = first.
-opl, multiplicative number: du-opla = double.
-on, fractional number: tri-ono = a third.
-op, distributive number: quar-ope = in fours.
LEXIKO DI LA GRAMMATIKALA VORTI.