On the contrary, the English and French have distinguished themselves always, and all the world over, as colonists; so that, saving those States of North America which have received the native names of the great lakes and rivers, we can discover exactly which were colonized by the one nation and which by the other. Moreover, the English and French have generally exercised the common trait of honouring the mother country by naming a new colony or a newly-discovered island after the reigning monarch or a distinguished countryman. A similar trait in the Dutch character presents itself in the repetition of the names of the native places of their navigators and colonists; while the Spaniards and Portuguese have displayed a tendency for naming an island discovered or a river explored by them in a manner commemorative of the day that witnessed the event. At the same time, it would not be wise to conjecture, merely from the name, that Columbus discovered the island of Trinidad on the Feast of the Holy Trinity, because he did nothing of the kind. Therefore, it behoves the curious inquirer to make himself acquainted with the circumstances under which our geographical names have arisen, so as to avoid falling into error. As well might he maintain, without the requisite knowledge, that the Canary Islands owed their designation to the birds that have so long been exported thence; for although such a conclusion were extremely plausible, he would still be at a loss to know how the canaries came by their name in the first place.
A like difficulty is liable to be encountered relative to the Sandwich Islands. A particularly smart boy might, indeed, be expected to inform us, as the outcome of a hastily-formed opinion, that the Sandwich Islands were so called because a shipwrecked crew who once found a refuge thereon continued to support themselves until such time as they were rescued by a passing vessel upon sandwiches. The bare idea may be laughed at; but it is no more preposterous than that the Canary Islands received their name from the birds that are found there in such plenty. The question at issue furnishes an example as to how a name may be perpetuated in different ways. Thus, Captain Cook named the Sandwich Islands in compliment to John Montague, fourth Earl of Sandwich and First Lord of the Admiralty, who took his title from Sandwich, or, as the etymology of this place implies, the “sand town,” one of the ancient Cinque Ports in Kent. An inveterate gamester was this Lord Sandwich; so much so that he would sit at the gaming-table for thirty hours and more at a stretch, never desisting from the game to partake of a meal, but from time to time ordering the waiter to bring him some slices of meat placed between two slices of thin bread, from which circumstance this convenient form of refreshment received the name of Sandwiches.
Mention of sandwiches reminds us that very few tradesmen possess the remotest idea of the significance of the names of the various commodities in which they deal. Ask a purveyor of ham and beef to explain the origin of the word Sandwich, and he will be quite unable to furnish an answer. Put a similar question to a Tobacconist, and it will be found that he has never interested himself to the extent of inquiring what the word Tobacco means, not to speak of the names of the different kinds of tobacco. A Haberdasher, again, would be sorely perplexed to account for his individual trade-name; so would a Milliner, so would a Grocer, so would a Tailor; and so would almost every one who passes for an intelligent citizen, yet whose reflections have never been directed toward those trifling concerns which, as one might be led to suppose, are most immediately interesting to him. And so we might go on multiplying examples until this Introduction reached an altogether inordinate length, with no other object than to arouse the reader’s interest in the pages that follow. But the necessity for a more extended Introduction does not arise. The scope of this work will be sufficiently indicated by the Analytical Table of Contents; but even there a very large number of names incidentally referred to in the text have not been included. The Index may be somewhat more to the purpose, inasmuch as every item set forth therein will be found not merely alluded to but discussed in the book; and to the book itself the reader is now referred.
L. W.
London.
CONTENTS.
| [THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.] | |
| Asia, Africa, Europe, America; Palestine, Asia Minor;Persia, Arabia, India, Hindustan, Turkestan, Afghanistan,Beloochistan, Kurdestan; China, Siberia,Russia, Circassia, Crimea, Finland, Sweden, Norway;Britain, England, Scotland, Caledonia, Ireland, TheEmerald Isle, Cambria, Wales; Saxony, Gaul, France,Normandy, Brittany; Germany, Holland, Belgium,Denmark, Jutland, Prussia, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland,Servia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Moldavia, Moravia, Bulgaria,Roumania, Turkey, Ottoman Empire, Greece;Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal; Algiers,Morocco, Barbary, Sahara, Soudan, Egypt, Senegambia,Gold Coast, Guinea, Zanzibar, Zululand, Transvaal,Natal, Orange Free States, Cape Colony, Cape ofGood Hope; Cape Horn, Patagonia, Chili, ArgentineRepublic, Brazil, Bolivia, Uraguay, Paraguay, Peru,Pernambuco, Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela; Panama,Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mosquito Coast,Yutacan, Quatemala, Mexico, California, BritishColumbia; Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec,Labrador, Greenland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,Florida; Virginia, Maryland, Baltimore, Pennsylvania,Georgia, Carolina, Louisiana, Maine, NewOrleans, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,Michigan, Indiana, Alabama, Nebraska, Ohio,Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Kansas, Tennessee, Kentucky,Mississippi, Missouri, Minnesota, Arkansas, Illinois,Oregon, Texas, Vermont, Colorado, Nevada, Connecticut,Iowa, Astoria, Delaware; Lake Superior,Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Niagara, LakeMichigan, Lake Winnipeg, Great Bear Lake, GreatSalt Lake; The Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Ocean,Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea; GermanOcean, Indian Ocean, Irish Sea; White Sea, BlackSea, Red Sea, Green Sea, Yellow Sea, Dead Sea,Caspian Sea, Sea of Marmora; The Gulf Stream, TheHorse Latitudes, The Spanish Main; Hudson’s Bay,James’ Bay, Barrow’s Strait, All Saints’ Bay, Gulfof St. Lawrence, Gulf of Carpentaria, Torres Strait,Botany Bay; St. George’s Channel, The Skagerrack,Zuyder Zee; Bay of Biscay; Strait of Gibraltar, TheBosphorus, The Dardanelles; Australia, New Holland,New Zealand, Tasmania, Van Dieman’s Land, SocietyIslands, Friendly Islands, Christmas Island, SandwichIslands, Philippine Islands, Caroline Islands; Papua,Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Japan, Formosa, Ceylon,Mauritius, Isle of Bourbon, Madagascar; Tierra delFuego, Island of Desolation, Hanover Island, AdelaideIsland, Juan Fernandez, Ladrone Islands, Pitcairn’sIsland, Easter Island, Vancouver Island,Queen Charlotte Island, Prince of Wales Island,Aleutian Islands; Barrow Island, Baring Island,Parry Island, Baffin Land, Banks Land, Newfoundland,Rhode Island, Long Island, Bermuda Islands, SanSalvador, Jamaica, Cuba, Hayti, Barbadoes, Dominica,Porto Rico, Trinidad, Tobago Island, St. Kitt’s Island;Ascension Island, St. Helena, Tristan d’Acunha,Madeira, Majorca, Minorca, Balearic Islands, Corsica,Sardinia, Capri, Sicily, Malta, Candia, Cyprus, Rhodes;Belleisle, Jersey, Isle of Wight, Gothland, Heligoland,Anglesea, Isle of Man, Hebrides, Orkney Isles, ShetlandIsles, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla | [35] |
| [THE MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK.] | |
| January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,September, October, November, December; Sunday,Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,Saturday | [59] |
| [CREEDS, SECTS, AND DENOMINATIONS.] | |
| Theism, Deism, Atheism, Pantheism, Agnosticism, Secularism,Utilitarianism, Materialism, Rationalism;Monotheism, Mosaism, Judaism, Paganism, Polytheism;Zoroastrians, Brahmins, Buddhists, Mahommedans,Mussulmans, Islam; Christians, Pharisees,Nazarenes, Gnostics, Aquarians, Arians, Luciferians,Donatists, Macedonians, Apollinarians; Catholics;Greek Church, Roman Catholic Church, Church ofEngland, Gallican Church, Lutheran Church; Protestants,Calvinists, Huguenots, Wycliffites, Gospellers,Lollards, Albigenses, Waldenses, Camisards, Hussites,Bedlamites, Moravians; Adamites, Libertines, Jansenists,Jesuists, Gabrielites, Labadists, Socinians,Arminians, New Christians, Old Catholics; Scotists,Thomists, Sabbatarians, Fifth Monarchy Men,Muggletonians; Seekers, Quakers, Shakers, Mormons,Peculiar People, Faith Healers, Irvingites, Humanitarians,Sacramentarians, Plymouth Brethren, Perfectionists,Hopkinsians; Scottish Covenanters,Presbyterians, Cameronians, Macmillanites, Morisonians,Free Church of Scotland; Puritans, Nonconformists,Conformists, Dissenters, Sectarians,Independents, Congregationalists, Unitarians, Trinitarians,Baptists, Anabaptists, Methodists, WesleyanMethodists, Primitive Methodists; High Church, LowChurch, Broad Church, Latitudinarism, Ritualists,Puseyites, Tractarians | [61] |
| [TAVERN SIGNS.] | |
| The Green Man, The Green Man and Still, The RedLion, The Bear and Ragged Staff, The Boar’s Head,The Black Bull, The Talbot, The Chequers; TheWhite Rose, The Red Rose, The Star; The WhiteSwan, The White Swan and Antelope, The WhiteHart, The Sun, The Three Suns, The White Lion,The Eagle, The Blue Boar, The Red Dragon, TheGreyhound, The Rose, The Thistle, The Shamrock;The Crown, The Rose and Crown, The Crown andSceptre, The Crown and Anchor; The Earl of March;The Hare and Hounds, The Tally Ho! The Fox inthe Hole; The Angel, The Salutation, The ThreeKings, The Cross Keys, The Mitre; The Turk’s Head,The Saracen’s Head, The Golden Cross, The HalfMoon; The Swan, The Pheasant, The Peacock; TheSt. George, The George and Dragon, The GreenDragon, The George, The King’s Arms, The Queen’sArms, The Freemasons’ Arms, The Coachmakers’Arms, The Saddlers’ Arms, The Carpenters’ Arms;The Garter, The Star and Garter; The Leg andStar, The Cat and Fiddle, The Bag o’ Nails,The Goat and Compass, The Iron Devil, The Bulland Mouth, The Bull and Gate, The Lion and Key,The Catherine Wheel, The Plume and Feathers,The Bully Ruffian, The Blue Pig, The Pigand Whistle; The Coach and Horses, The PackHorse; The Bear, The Dog and Duck, The BowlingGreen; The Grapes, The Castle, The Globe, TheSpread Eagle, The Yorkshire Stingo; The Bell, TheBarley-mow, The Old Hat, The Ram and Teazle,The Bricklayers’ Arms, The Cricketers’ Arms, TheBlack Jack; The Royal Oak, The Boscobel, ThePalmerston, The Marquis of Granby, The PortobelloArms, The Nelson, The Wellington, The Trafalgar,The Waterloo, The Ship, The King’s Head, TheQueen’s Head, The Victoria, The Prince Albert, ThePrince of Wales’ Feathers | [77] |
| [ROYAL SURNAMES.] | |
| Alfred the Great, Edward the Martyr, Ethelred the Unready,Edmund Ironsides, Edgar Atheling, HaroldHarefoot, Edward the Confessor; William the Conqueror,William Rufus, Henry Beauclerc, RichardCœur de Lion, William the Lion, John Lackland,Edward Longshanks, Edward the Black Prince, Johnof Gaunt, Henry Bolingbroke; Bluff King Hal,Defender of the Faith, The White Queen, BloodyMary, Good Queen Bess; The Lord Protector, TheMerry Monarch, The Sailor King; Plantagenet,Tudor, Stuart; Charlemagne, The She-Wolf of France,Pedro the Cruel, Ivan the Terrible, Frederick Barbarossa,Ferdinand Bomba, Egalité Philippe | [87] |
| [NATIONAL NICKNAMES.] | |
| Brother Jonathan, Uncle Sam, Yankee; John Bull, Mrs.Grundy, The British Matron; Tommy Atkins; Pat,Sandie, Taffy; John Chinaman, Pigtails, Pale Faces,Redskins; Nigger, Sambo, Mulatto | [93] |
| [BIRDS.] | |
| Cuckoo, Pewit, Curlew, Chickadee, Whip-poor-will;Trumpeter, Nightingale, Night-jar, Mocking-bird,Humming-bird, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Greenlet,Jay, Blue-bird, Blackbird, Starling, Flamingo, Oriole,Lyre-bird; Red-poll, Secretary-bird; Birds of Paradise,Love-birds; Kingfisher; Lapwing; Wagtail,Scissors-bird, Hangbird, Weaver-bird, Tailor-bird;Widow-bird, Martin, Muscovy Duck; Swift, Passenger-pigeon;Skylark, Chaffinch, Diver, Sandpiper,Chimney-swallow; Horn-bill, Boat-bill, Spoon-bill,Duck-bill, Cross-bill; Pouter-pigeon, Ring-dove,Wryneck, Woodcock, Woodpecker; Guinea-fowl,Brahma-fowl, Bantam, Barb, Turkey, Baltimore-bird,Canary, Petrel | [96] |
| [RELIGIOUS ORDERS.] | |
| Monastery, Convent, Abbey, Priory; Monk, Nun, Friar;Dominicans or Black Friars, Franciscans or GreyFriars; Carmelites or White Friars, Augustines orAustin Friars, Trinitarians or Crutched Friars;Observant Friars, Conventional Friars; CapuchinFriars, Cordeliers; Benedictines, Carthusians, Cistercians,Cluniacs, Bernardines, Basilians, Trappists;Jesuists, Servites, Passionists, Redemptorists | [100] |
| [PAPER AND PRINTING.] | |
| Paper, Parchment; Hand-paper, Pot-paper, Post-paper,Crown-paper, Foolscap; Nepaul-paper, India-paper,Cap-paper, Elephant, Cartridge-paper, Bristol-board;Folio, Quarto, Octavo, Duodecimo; Printer’s Devil;Hansard, Blue Book, Yellow Book; Book, Leaf,Volume, Library; Pamphlet, Brochure, Chart, Map,Atlas, Cartoon, Broadside, Poster, Stationery | [104] |
| [POLITICAL NICKNAMES.] | |
| Whigs, Tories, Liberals, Conservatives, Radicals,Socialists, Levellers, Democrats; Royalists, Parliamentarians,Cavaliers, Roundheads; Orangemen,Jacobites, Peep-o’-day Boys, White Boys, Fenians,Irish Invincibles, Ribbonmen, Emergency Men;Separists, Nationalists, Parnellites, Boycotters; Sansculottes,Red Republicans, The Mountain, The Plain,Girondists; The Hats, The Caps, Nihilists, Carbonari,Black Cloaks, Lazzari, Guelphs, Ghibellines;Federals, Republicans, Democrats, Confederates, Corn-feds,Yanks or Yankees, Copperheads, Know-nothings,Tammany Ring, Mugwumps; Chartists, Jingoes, Protectionists | [109] |
| [FLOWERS.] | |
| Forget-me-not, Mignonette, Carnation, Geranium, Crane’s-bill;Pansy, Camellia, Dahlia, Fuchsia, VictoriaRegia, Adonis, Hyacinth, Aspasia, Orchid, Sweetbriar,Lilac, Lavender; Dog-rose, Damask-rose,Cabbage-rose, Christmas-rose, Primrose; Mayflower,Hawthorn, Gilly-flower, Tiger-flower, Daffodil, Hollyhock,Noon-tide, Noon-flower, Convolvulus, Daisy,Buttercup, Cowslip; Sunflower, Heliotrope, Goldylocks,Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Rhododendron;Passion-flower, Stock | [117] |
| [THE BIBLE.] | |
| Bible, Scriptures; Septuagint, Latin Vulgate, Douay Bible,Rheims Bible; King James’s Bible, The Bishops’ Bible,Cranmer’s Bible, The Great Bible, Mazarin Bible,Pearl Bible, Geneva Bible, Breeches Bible, VinegarBible, Beer Bible, Treacle Bible, Whig Bible, WickedBible, Bug Bible; “He” Bible, “She” Bible; VirginiaBible; Pentateuch; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,Deuteronomy; Apocrypha, Apocalypse | [122] |
| [WINES.] | |
| Burgundy, Champagne, Pontac, Moselle, Johannisberg,Florence, Falernian, Montepulciano, Malaga, Sherry,Port, Cyprus, Malmsey, Madeira, Canary; Tokay,Claret, Tent Wine; Sillery, Pommery, Moet andChandon; Hippocras, Badminton, Negus, Sack; DryWine, Crusted Port, Three-Men Wine | [127] |
| [LITERARY SOBRIQUETS.] | |
| Gildas the Wise, Venerable Bede, Century White, MonkLewis, Rainy-Day Smith; Silver-Tongued Sylvester,The Water Poet, The Ettrick Shepherd, The BidëfordPostman, The Mad Poet, The Quaker Poet, TheBanker Poet, Anacreon Moore, Orion Home, TheFarthing Poet; The Wizard of the North, TheAddison of the North, The Minstrel of the Border,The Corn Law Rhymer | [130] |
| [THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES.] | |
| Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Durham,York; Lancashire, Cheshire, Leicestershire, Worcestershire,Gloucestershire; Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk,Essex, Sussex, Middlesex; Surrey, Kent, Hampshire,Dorset, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Wiltshire, Berkshire,Buckingham; Oxford, Hertford, Hereford,Stafford, Bedford, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton,Rutland, Warwick, Nottingham, Derby, Shropshire,Monmouth; Anglesea, Glamorgan, Brecknock,Radnor, Montgomery, Denbigh, Flint, Carnarvon,Carmarthen, Merioneth, Cardigan, Pembroke | [133] |
| [CARRIAGES.] | |
| Phaeton, Victoria, Clarence, Brougham, Stanhope, Sociable,Landau, Tilbury; Dog-Cart, Buggy, Gig, Sulky,Noddy, Jaunting Car, Break; Stage-Coach, Omnibus;Hackney-Coach, Coach, Cab, Cabriolet, Hansom Cab;Hearse, Pantechnicon | [138] |
| [DANCES.] | |
| Terpsichorean Art; Morris Dance, Saraband, Gavotte,Quadrille, Lancers, Polka, Schottische, Mazourka,Redowa, Waltz; Country Dance, Roger de Coverley,Minuet, Tarantella; Cinderella Dance, Ball, Ballet,Coryphée, Phyrric Dance; Hornpipe, Reel, Jig,Breakdown | [142] |
| [PIGMENTS AND DYES.] | |
| Umber, Sienna, Gamboge, Krems White, Prussian Blue,Saunders Blue, Chinese Yellow, Frankfort Black,Hamburg Lake; Ultramarine; Mazarine, Pompadour,Cardinal, Carnation, Carmine, Pink, Purple,Scarlet, Crimson; Cassius, Magenta, Vandyke Brown,Sepia, Sap Green, Emerald Green, Lamp Black,Ivory Black, Isabel | [146] |
| [LONDON DISTRICTS AND SUBURBS.] | |
| London, Thames; Westminster, Belgravia, Pimlico,Knightsbridge, Mayfair, Soho, Bloomsbury, Smithfield,Clerkenwell, Spa Fields, Bunhill Fields, Moorfields,Finsbury; Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Goodman’sFields, Shadwell, Ratcliffe Highway, Stepney, Spitalfields,Bethnal Green, Hoxton, De Beauvoir Town,Copenhagen Fields, Haggerstone, Hackney, Dalston,Stoke Newington, Southgate, Kingsland, Abney Park,Green Lanes, Edmonton, Ball’s Pond, Mildmay Park,Muswell Hill, Wood Green, Hornsey, Canonbury,Highbury, Holloway, Barnsbury, Islington; King’sCross, St. Pancras, Agar Town, Somers Town,Camden Town, Kentish Town, Primrose Hill, Highgate,Hampstead, Frognal, Bishop’s Wood, Hendon;Gospel Oak, Chalk Farm, St. John’s Wood, Kilburn,Maida Vale, Marylebone, Tyburn; Bayswater, Paddington,Westbourne Park, Notting Hill, Shepherd’sBush; Acton, Gunnersbury, Kew, Brentford, Isleworth,Staines, Kingston, Shepperton, Twickenham,Richmond, Sheen; Chiswick, Hammersmith, Kensington,Brompton, Chelsea, Battersea, WalhamGreen, Parsons Green, Fulham, Putney, Wimbledon;Wandsworth, Lambeth, Vauxhall; Southwark, Bermondsey,Horsleydown, Walworth, The Borough;Rotherhithe, Deptford, Greenwich, Woolwich, Isleof Dogs, New Cross; Lewisham, Blackheath, Eltham;Catford, Beckenham, Sydenham, Forest Hill, Norwood,Dulwich, Honor Oak, Nunhead, Peckham,Brixton, Camberwell, Stockwell, Kennington, Newington,St. George’s Fields | [149] |
| [BATTLES.] | |
| The Tearless Victory, The Thundering Legion, TheHallelujah Victory; The Battle of the Standard, TheBattle of the Herrings; The Battle of Spurs; TheBattle of the Spurs of Gold; The Battle of theGiants, The Battle of All the Nations | [163] |
| [NOTABLE DAYS AND FESTIVALS.] | |
| New Year’s Day; Whitsuntide, Lammastide, Martinmas,Candlemas Day; Lady Day, Midsummer, Michaelmas,Christmas Day; Innocents’ Day, Epiphany, TwelfthNight, Distaff’s Day, Rock Day, Plough Monday,Handsel Monday, Boxing Day; Lent, Shrove Tuesday,Ash Wednesday, Passion Sunday, Passion Week,Palm Sunday, Maunday-Thursday, Good Friday,Long Friday, Holy Saturday; Easter, Passover, LowSunday, Sexagesima Sunday, Quinquagesima Sunday,Quadragesima Sunday; Pentecost, Trinity Sunday,Corpus Christi, Rogation Sunday, Rogation Days,Ember Days; Ascension Day, The Assumption, HolyCross Day, All Saints’ Day, All Souls’ Day, Allhallowes’Day; Allhallowe’en, Cracknut Night; St.Valentine’s Day, St. Swithin’s Day, St. David’s Day,Comb’s Mass; Primrose Day, Royal Oak Day, GuyFawkes’ Day; Arbor Day; Forefathers’ Day, IndependenceDay, Evacuation Day; Mothering Sunday;Grouse Day, Partridge Day, Sprat Day; Red LetterDay, Holiday | [165] |
| [TEXTILES, EMBROIDERIES, AND LACE.] | |
| Damask, Muslin, Nankeen, Calico, Cashmere, Dimity,Valance, Holland, Cambric, Shalloon, Tarlatan,Worsted, Cobourg, Angola, Frieze; Cotton, Silk, Brocade,Damassin, Sarsanet, Mohair, Moire-Antique,Chintz, Taffety, Linen, Lawn, Pompadour; Swansdown,Moleskin, Merino, Alpaca; Kersey, Gingham,Blankets; Plush, Velvet, Velveteen, Fustian,Grogram, Corduroy; Pina-cloth, Grass-cloth, T-cloth,Broadcloth, Twill, Tweed, Plaid, Check; Embroidery,Tapestry, Bayeaux Tapestry, Gobelin Tapestry, Arras;Lace, Valenciennes, Colbertine, Point-lace, Pillow-lace;Tulle | [176] |
| [LITERARY PSEUDONYMS.] | |
| Voltaire, Barry Cornwall, Yendys, Nimrod, Zadkiel;Knickerbocker, Elia, Boz, Ouida, George Sand;Artemus Ward, Mark Twain; F. M. Allen | [181] |
| [COUNTERFEIT PRESENTMENTS.] | |
| Portrait, Photograph, Miniature, Profile, Silhouette;Talbotype, Daguerreotype, Ferriertype; Carte-de-Visite,Vignette, Cabinet, Kit-Kat, Kit-Kat Canvas | [184] |
| [LONDON INNS AND GARDENS.] | |
| The Tabard Inn, “La Belle Sauvage,” The Swan withTwo Necks, The Elephant and Castle, The HorseShoe, The Blue Posts, The Black Posts, The ThreeChairmen, The Running Footman; The MotherRed Cap, The Mother Shipton, The Adelaide, TheYork and Anlaby, Jack Straw’s Castle, The Spaniards,The Whittington Stone, The Thirteen Cantons, TheNorth Pole, The South Australian, The World’s End,The Fulham Bridge, The Devil, The Three Nuns, TheWhite Conduit Tavern, The Belvedere, The ClownTavern, Hummuns’s; Sadler’s Wells, Highbury Barn,Vauxhall Gardens, Ranelagh Gardens, CremorneGardens | [187] |
| [SOBRIQUETS AND NICKNAMES.] | |
| The Mother of Believers, Fair Helen, Fair Rosamond, TheFair Maid of Kent, The Holy Maid of Kent; BlackAgnes, Fair Maiden Lilliard, The Maid of Orleans,The Maid of Saragossa; The Lady Freemason,The Swedish Nightingale, The Jersey Lily; TheWeeping Philosopher, The Laughing Philosopher,The Subtle Doctor, The Angelic Doctor, St. Paul ofthe Cross; Robin Hood, Little John, Will Scarlet,Friar Tuck; Sixteen-string Jack, Spring-heel Jack;Gentleman Jack, Gentleman Smith, Admirable Crichton,Fighting Fitzgerald, Romeo Coates, Beau Fielding,Beau Brummell, Beau Nash, The King of Bath;The Factory King, The Railway King, The PaperKing, The Nitrate King; The Man of Ross, ThePeople’s Friend, The Musical Small-Coal Man, TomFolio; The Infant Roscius; Single-Speech Hamilton,Starvation Dundas, Orange Peel, The Heaven-SentMinister, Finality John; Dizzy, The Grand Old Man,Bookstall Smith; The Dancing Chancellor, Praise-GodBarebones; Sinner-Saved Huntingdon, OratorHenley; Memory Woodfall, Memory-Corner Thompson;Dirty Dick; Capability Brown, George Ranger,The Jubilee Plunger; Long Peter, Magdalen Smith,Claude Lorraine, Tintoretto, Il Furioso; The ScottishHogarth, The Liverpool Landseer; The Liberator;The Pathfinder; Yankee Jonathan | [194] |
| [THE INNS OF COURT.] | |
| Lincoln’s Inn, Gray’s Inn, Furnival’s Inn, Clifford’s Inn;Serjeants’ Inn; Barnard’s Inn, Staple Inn, Clement’sInn, Dane’s Inn, New Inn, Thavie’s Inn; Benchers | [208] |
| [RACES.] | |
| Goodwood, Ascot, Epsom, Derby, Oaks, Doncaster St.Leger; Hurdle Race, Steeplechase; Sweepstake | [210] |
| [LONDON CHURCHES AND BUILDINGS.] | |
| Westminster Abbey, The Temple, Savoy Chapel, St.Clement-Danes, St. Mary-le-Bow, St. Mary-Axe, St.Catherine Cree, St. Catherine Coleman, St. MargaretPattens, St. Sepulchre, St. Bride’s, St. Andrew Undershaft,Allhallowes, Barking; St. Olave’s, The WhiteTower, Bloody Tower, Beauchamp Tower, Traitors’Gate; Newgate, St. John’s Gate, Temple Bar, LondonBridge, Billingsgate, The Mint, The Trinity House;Crosby Hall, Memorial Hall, The Guildhall, Doctors’Commons, St. Martin’s-le-Grand; The Charterhouse,Christ’s Hospital, Bartholomew’s Hospital,Guy’s Hospital, Bedlam, The Magdalen Hospital;St. James’s Palace, Buckingham Palace, MarlboroughHouse, Somerset House, Whitehall, The HorseGuards, Dover House, York House; DevonshireHouse, Apsley House, Chandos House, The Albany,Burlington House, Soane Museum; Painted Hall,Vanburgh Castle, Rye House; Bruce Castle,Lincoln House, Sandford House, Cromwell House,Ireton House, Lauderdale House, The ClockHouse, Rosslyn House, Erskine House; StrawberryHill; Orleans House, Essex House, Bristol House,Craven Cottage, Munster House, Peterborough House,Holland House; The Albert Hall, Crystal Palace, AlexandraPalace, Olympia, Egyptian Hall, St. George’sHall, St. James’s Hall, Willis’s Rooms, Almack’sAssembly Rooms, Exeter Hall, Madame Tussaud’s;Scotland Yard, Lord’s Cricket Ground, Tattersall’s;Lloyd’s Rooms; Capel Court, The Royal Exchange,The Stock Exchange, Bankers’ Clearing House, RailwayClearing House | [212] |
| [CLASS NAMES AND NICKNAMES.] | |
| Spinster, Widow, Grass Widow, Chaperon, Duenna,Dowager; Blue Stocking, Abigail, Grisette, Colleen;Milliner, Haberdasher, Grocer, Greengrocer, Boniface,Ostler; Cordwainer, Tailor, Tallyman, Uncle, Barber,Barber-Surgeon; Arcadian, Mentor, Usher, Bachelor;Beefeaters, Police, Bobbies, Peelers, Bow StreetRunners; Mohawks, Scourers; Garrotters, Sandbaggers;Fop, Dandy, Macaroni, Masher; Gipsies, Bohemians;Teetotalers, Rechabites, Good Templars; JackTar, Longshoreman, Navvy, Jehu, Jerrybuilder,Journeyman; Dun, Man of Straw, Costermonger,Pedlar, Hawker, Cheap Jack, Quack, Merry Andrew,Juggler, Stump Orator; Blackguard, Scullion, SculleryMaid; Blackleg; Plunger, Bookmaker, Welsher;Burglar, Jack Ketch; Cockney; Greenhorn, Nincompoop,Lunatic, Dutchman, Humbug | [228] |
| [MALT LIQUORS.] | |
| Ale, Beer, Small Beer; Twopenny, Half-and-Half, Entire,Porter, Stout, Yorkshire Stingo, X Ale; Mum, Lager-bier,Bock-bier | [241] |
| [DIAMONDS AND PRECIOUS STONES.] | |
| Diamond; The Kohinoor, Mattan, Orloff, Shah, Star ofthe South, Sauci, Regent, Pitt, Pigott, Dudley, TwinDiamonds; Turquoise, Topaz, Agate, Amethyst, Opal,Emerald, Garnet, Ruby, Pearl; Carat | [244] |
| [NAVAL AND MILITARY SOBRIQUETS.] | |
| Manlius-Torquatus, Charles Martel, Robert the Devil,The Hammer and Scourge of England; BlackDouglas, Bell the Cat, The King Maker, Hotspur,The Mad Cavalier; Ironsides, The Almighty Nose;The Bloody Butcher, Corporal John, The LittleCorporal; The Iron Duke, Marshal Forward, TheIron Chancellor, Helmuth the Taciturn; StonewallJackson, Old Hickory; Foul-Weather Jack, Old Grog,The Silver Captain | [246] |
| [MONEY.] | |
| Money, Sterling Money; Guinea, Sovereign, Crown, Florin,Shilling, Penny; Halfpenny, Farthing; Ducat, Noble,Rose-Noble, George-Noble; Angel, Thistle-Crown,Jacobus, Carollus, Dolphin, Louis d’or, Napoleon;Franc, Dollar, Joachims-Thaler, Thaler, Kreuzer;Wood’s Halfpence, Greenbacks, Bluebacks, AbrahamNewlands; Bullion, Stock, Tally, Consols, SinkingFund, Tontine; Budget | [252] |
| [SPIRITS.] | |
| Rum, Whisky, Brandy, Gin; Hollands, Cognac, Nantes,Old Tom; Punch, Toddy, Grog; Mountain Dew,Glenlivet, LL Whisky | [257] |
| [LONDON STREETS AND SQUARES.] | |
| Fleet Street, Salisbury Court, Whitefriars Street, BlackfriarsRoad, Ludgate Hill, Old Bailey, Friar Street,Sermon Lane, Paul’s Chain, Old Change, PaternosterRow, Ave Maria Lane, Creed Lane, Amen Corner,Warwick Lane, Ivy Lane; Cheapside, BreadStreet, Friday Street, Milk Street; Gutter Lane,Foster Lane, Ironmonger Lane, Wood Street, LawrenceLane, Gresham Street, Lad Lane, Aldermanbury,King Street, Basinghall Street, Coleman Street, OldJewry, Poultry, Bucklersbury, King William Street,Queen Victoria Street; Cannon Street, Budge Row,Watling Street, Walbrook, College Hill, Queenhithe,Dowgate, Steelyard; Gracechurch Street, FenchurchStreet, Eastcheap, Mincing Lane, Mark Lane, RoodLane, Seething Lane, Billiter Street, Minories, CrutchedFriars, Aldgate; Leadenhall Street, St. Mary-Axe,Throgmorton Street, Nicholas Lane, Lolhbury, ThreadneedleStreet, Cornhill, Birchin Lane, Change Alley;Lombard Street; Austin Friars, Old Broad Street,Bishopsgate Street, St. Helen’s, Devonshire Square,Artillery Lane, Houndsditch, Bevis Marks, PetticoatLane, Wormwood Street, Camomile Street, LondonWall, Barbican, Beech Lane, Great Winchester Street,Moorgate Street, Cripplegate, Whitecross Street,Redcross Street, Playhouse Yard, Jewin Street, AldersgateStreet, Bridgewater Square, Bartholomew Close, ClothFair, Little Britain, Duke Street, Newgate Street,Bath Street, King Edward Street, Giltspur Street,Knightrider Street, Pie Corner, Farringdon Road,Saffron Hill, Ely Place, Hatton Garden, Holborn,Holborn Bars, Leather Lane, Fetter Lane, BrookeStreet, Greville Street, Gray’s Inn Road, FurnivalStreet, Dyer’s Buildings, Cursitor Street, ChanceryLane; Southampton Buildings, Verulam Buildings;Lincoln’s Inn Fields, Great Queen Street, LongAcre; Drury Lane, Denzil Street, Holles Street,Clare Market, White Hart Street, Catherine Street,Portugal Street, Serle Street, Wych Street, HolywellStreet, Strand; Essex Street, Milford Lane, ArundelStreet, Norfolk Street, Surrey Street, Howard Street,Savoy Street, Wellington Street, Bow Street, CoventGarden, York Street, King Street, Henrietta Street,Tavistock Street, Bedford Street, Southampton Street,Bedfordbury, Maiden Lane, Chandos Street, ExeterStreet, Burleigh Street, Cecil Street, Salisbury Street,Adelphi Terrace, Adam Street, John Street, RobertStreet, James Street; George Street, Duke Street,Buckingham Street, Villiers Street; Charing Cross,Craven Street, Northumberland Avenue; TrafalgarSquare, St. Martin’s Lane, King William Street,Seven Dials, Cranbourne Street, Leicester Square,Coventry Street, Windmill Street, Haymarket, JermynStreet, Arundel Street, Orange Street, Panton Street,Suffolk Street; Spring Gardens, Pall Mall, KingStreet, St. James’s Square, Bury Street; Green Park,Hyde Park, Rotten Row, Albert Gate, Marble Arch,Rutland Gate, Cumberland Gate, Grosvenor Gate,Stanhope Gate, Park Lane, Portugal Street, ChapelStreet, Chesterfield Street, Grosvenor Square, HamiltonPlace; Piccadilly; Curzon Street, Charles Street,Queen Street, Shepherd’s Market, Hay Hill, FarmStreet, Berkeley Square, Stratton Street, Bruton Street,Mount Street, Clarges Street, Half Moon Street,Arlington Street, Bennett Street, Dover Street, AlbemarleStreet, Bond Street, Clifford Street, BurlingtonStreet, Cork Street, Savile Row, Vigo Street, SackvilleStreet, Ayr Street, Swallow Street, Vine Street;Regent Street; Conduit Street, Maddox Street,Brook Street, Mill Street, George Street, HanoverSquare, Davies Street; Argyll Street, Great MarlboroughStreet, Blenheim Street, Wardour Street,Nassau Street, Golden Square, Shaftesbury Avenue;Old Compton Street, New Compton Street, DeanStreet, Gerrard Street, Macclesfield Street, GreekStreet, Carlisle Street; Hanway Street, RathbonePlace, Newman Street, Goodge Street, Castle Street,Wells Street, Berners Street, Foley Street, CharlotteStreet, Great Titchfield Street, Grafton Street, FitzroySquare, Euston Square, Southampton Street, TottenhamCourt Road; Oxford Street, Harley Street,Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, Holles Street,Henrietta Street, Bentinck Street, Margaret Street,Duchess Street, Portland Place, Welbeck Street,Wimpole Street, Stratford Place, Langham Place,Mansfield Street, Vere Street, Manchester Square,Spanish Place, Chandos Street, Hinde Street, AudleyStreet, Old Quebec Street, Seymour Street, MontagueSquare, Berkeley Square, Portman Square, BryanstoneSquare, Blandford Square, Dorset Square, BakerStreet, Harewood Square, Lisson Grove, OssultonSquare; Regent’s Park, Albany Street, OsnaburgStreet, Munster Square, Park Street, Brecknock Road,Great College Street, Oakley Square, Ampthill Square,Harrington Square, Mornington Crescent, GranbyStreet, Skinner Street; Pancras Road, Battle BridgeRoad, York Road, Caledonian Road, Liverpool Street,Sidmouth Street, Burton Crescent, Judd Street, GreatCoram Street, Lamb’s Conduit Street, Harpur Street,Bedford Row, Southampton Row, Russell Square,Tavistock Square, Gordon Square, Torrington Square,Montague Street, Brunswick Square, MecklenburghSquare; Thurlow Place, Great Ormond Street, BloomsburySquare; Queen’s Square, Red Lion Square,Kingsgate Street, Theobald’s Road; Coldbath Square,Ray Street, Rosoman Street, Berkeley Street,Hockley-in-the-Hole; Myddleton Square, PentonvilleRoad; St. John Street Road, City Road, ShepherdessWalk, Curtain Road, Holywell Lane; NicholsSquare, Sutton Place, Queen Elizabeth’s Walk, FleetwoodRoad; Seven Sisters Road, Archway Road,Flask Walk; Judges’ Walk; Fleet Road, Dale Road,Barrow Hill Place, Abbey Road; Desborough Place,Church Street, Nottingham Place, Paddington Street;Craven Hill Gardens; Southwick Crescent, OrmeSquare, Ladbroke Grove, Norland Square, KensingtonGore, Ennismore Place, Cromwell Road, GloucesterRoad; Campden Hill, Warwick Road, Holland Road,Earl’s Court Road, Addison Road; Cromwell Place,King’s Road, Cheyne Walk, Justice Walk, MarlboroughRoad, Keppel Street, Cadogan Square,Sloane Street, Hans Place, Danvers Street; GrosvenorPlace, Eccleston Square, Belgrave Square, EburySquare, Chester Square, Eaton Square, Lupus Street,St. George’s Square, Lowndes Square, Chesham Street;Vauxhall Bridge Road, Victoria Street; BirdcageWalk, Storey’s Gate, Queen Anne’s Gate, DelahayStreet, Rochester Row, Bridge Street, Cannon Street,King Street, Princes Street, Parker Street, GreatGeorge Street, Abingdon Street, Holywell Street,Barton Street, Cowley Street, Marsham Street, EarlStreet, Romney Street, Pye Street, Great Peter Street,Vine Street, Orchard Street, Tothill Street, HorseferryRoad; Newington Butts, Great Suffolk Street,Mint Street, Old Kent Road, Grange Road, Spa Road,Russell Street, Tooley Street, Jamaica Road, CherryGardens Pier, Evelyn Street | [259] |