CONTENTS
| CHAPTER | ||
| I | The Penmanship Problem | [9] |
| The Commercial Factor—The Educational Factor—EducationalValue. | ||
| II | Fundamentals Concerned in the Problem | [15] |
| Physical Training Phase—Correct Posture—CorrectMovement—Visualization of Letter Forms—Practice—Applicationof the Correct Habits to DailyRequirements. | ||
| III | The Generally Accepted Solution: Muscular Movement | [43] |
| Conservation of Health a Prime Factor in the Solution—Economyof Time a Result of the Solution. | ||
| IV | Preparation of the Teacher | [51] |
| The Technique of the Subject—The Ability to SecureResults—The Penmanship Perspective. | ||
| V | Suitable Equipment and Materials | [61] |
| Text—Blackboard and the Use of It—Paper—Folders—Pencil—Pen—Penholder—Blotter—Ink—Economyin the Use of Material. | ||
| VI | Some Workable Suggestions | [72] |
| How to Study—How to Move and Slant the Paper—BlackboardWork of the Pupils—Name Cards—Figures—Alphabet—EnduranceTests—Objectivesin Good Writing Habits—Progress Lesson—Segregation—LineQuality—Samples—Preparationfor the regular Visit of the Supervisor—Counting—Useof the Timepiece—Awards—Use ofStandard Penmanship Tests. | ||
| VII | Suggestions for the Grades, Junior and Senior High Schools | [85] |
| A General Not a Specific Plan—First Grade—SecondGrade—Third Grade—Fourth Grade—FifthGrade—Sixth Grade—Seventh Grade—EighthGrade—Junior High School—Senior High School. | ||
| VIII | Supervision and the Penmanship Supervisor | [113] |
| Supervision in the Past—Function of the Supervisor—Leadershipa Prime Qualification—Personalitya Necessary Qualification—Broad Preparation Indispensableto the Supervisor—Continual PreparationEssential—Rating—The Best Qualified Supervisor. | ||
| Bibliography | [123] | |
| Index | [126] | |
INTRODUCTION
Reading, writing, and arithmetic have for long been looked upon as the fundamentals in education. And in very truth they are. Altogether too little attention has been given the expression of thought involved in the study of any school subject whether such expression takes the form of oral or written language. In fact, many failures in school and misunderstandings in actual life are due to inability to properly interpret text, read intelligently, or speak correctly.
No small part of this entire problem, especially when applied to grade pupils, is the mechanical or penmanship side. Everywhere there is criticism, on the part of teachers and parents, of the quality of the pupils’ writing. In many instances the process is a slow and laborious one. The bodily positions assumed by pupils during the operation of writing are harmful. The effort frequently results in an illegible scrawl. Too often, little or no attention is given penmanship in the grades and consequently boys and girls go through life laboring under a serious handicap.
In the following pages an attempt is made to bring definitely and concisely before educators the fundamental facts necessary to secure legibility and rapidity in penmanship, without causing strain of eye or cramp of hand. The treatment of the subject is simple and direct. The discussion of the problem of penmanship is followed by a consideration of the essentials necessary to the establishment of a habit that shall result in good penmanship. The materials necessary are taken up in detail. The teacher’s preparation is dwelt upon. Workable suggestions are given a place. One chapter deals with the minimum requirements for all and the closing chapter discusses supervision.
The entire work is based upon an extended experience with pupils and teachers. Every suggestion and direction has been worked out in actual practice. The volume has been prepared in response to continued requests from teachers, principals, and superintendents who desire explicit directions that can be used to supplement any system of muscular movement penmanship.
The author wishes to express her gratitude to the hundreds of teachers, scattered throughout several states in the Union, to whom she has had the privilege of offering instruction and from whom helpful suggestions have come.
L. S. H.