14. No xy′ exist, &c.

15. Some xy exist, &c.

16. All y are x.

17. All x′ are y, and all y′ are x.

18. All x are y′, and all y are x′.

19. All x are y, and all y′ are x′.

20. All y are x′.

[AN4]Answers to § 4.

1. No x′ are y′.

2. Some x′ are y′.