Univ. “birds”; m = proud of their tails; x = peacocks; y = birds that cannot sing.

x′m0my′1xy′1 [Fig. II.

Conclusion right.

32. Warmth relieves pain;
Nothing, that does not relieve pain, is useful in toothache.
Warmth is useful in toothache.

Univ. “applications”; m = relieving pain; x = warmth; y = useful in toothache.

x1m′0m′y0

No Conclusion. [Fallacy of Like Eliminands not asserted to exist.]

33. No bankrupts are rich;
Some merchants are not bankrupts.
Some merchants are rich.

Univ. “persons”; m = bankrupts; x = rich; y = merchants.

mx0ym′1