[271] Thucyd., lib. ii, c. 15. Plutarch speaks nearly to the same effect: “He settled all the inhabitants of Attica in Athens, and made them one people in one city, who before were scattered up and down, and could with difficulty be assembled on any urgent occasion for the public welfare.... Dissolving therefore the associations, the councils, and the courts in each particular town, he built one common prytaneum and court hall, where it stands to this day. The citadel with its dependencies, and the city or the old and new town, he united under the common name of Athens.”—Plutarch, Vit. Theseus, cap. 24.
[272] “Of the nine archons, whose number continued unaltered from 683 B. C. to the end of the democracy, three bore special titles—the Archon Eponymus, from whose name the designation of the year was derived, and who was spoken of as the Archon, the Archon Basileus (King), or more frequently, the Basileus; and the Polemarch. The remaining six passed by the general name of Thesmothetæ.... The Archon Eponymus determined all disputes relative to the family, the gentile, and the phratric relations: he was the legal protector of orphans and widows. The Archon Basileus (or King Archon) enjoyed competence in complaints respecting offenses against the religious sentiment and respecting homicide. The Polemarch (speaking of times anterior to Kleisthenês) was the leader of military force, and judge in disputes between citizens and non-citizens.”—Grote’s History of Greece, l. c., iii, 74.
[273] Public Economy of Athens, Lamb’s Trans., Little & Brown’s ed., p. 353.
[274] History of Greece, iii, 65.
[275] History of Greece, iii, 133.
[276] The Latin tribus = tribe, signified originally “a third part,” and was used to designate a third part of the people when composed of three tribes; but in course of time, after the Latin tribes were made local instead of consanguine, like the Athenian local tribes, the term tribe lost its numerical quality, and came, like the phylon of Cleisthenes to be a local designation.—Vide Mommsen’s Hist. of Rome, l. c., i, 71.
[277] Anglo Saxon Law, by Henry Adams and others, pp. 20, 23.
[278] See particularly the Orations against Eubulides, and Marcatus.
[279] Hermann’s Political Antiquities of Greece, l. c., p. 187, s. 96.
[280] “The primitive Grecian government is essentially monarchical, reposing on personal feeling and divine right.”—History of Greece, ii, 69.