[285.1] Referred to in the comedy of Eupolis called the “Baptai.”
[285.2] Jastrow, op. cit., p. 500.
[285.3] Op. cit., p. 297, 487; the priest-exorciser, the Ashipu, uses a brazier in the expulsion of demons.
[285.4] Vide Golther, Handbuch der Germanischen Mythologie, p. 580; cf. my Cults, v. p. 196.
[285.5] Cults, vol. v. pp. 383-384; cf. iv. p. 301.
[286.1] Cults, v. p. 356; cf. p. 363 (the purifying animal carried round the hearth).
[286.2] Eur. Herc. Fur., 928.
[286.3] Dio Chrys. Or., 48 (Dind., vol. ii. p. 144), περικαθήραντες τὴν πόλιν μὴ σκίλλῃ μηδὲ δαδί, πολὺ δὲ καθαρωτέρῳ χρήματι τῷ λόγῳ (cf. Lucian, Menipp., c. 7, use of squills and torches in “katharsis,” (?) Babylonian or Hellenic); Serv. ad Aen., 6, 741, “in sacris omnibus tres sunt istae purgationes, nam aut taeda purgant aut sulphure aut aqua abluunt aut aere ventilant.”
[286.4] “To take fire and swear by God” is a formula that occurs in the third tablet of Surpu; vide Zimmern, Beiträge zur Kenntniss Babyl. Relig., p. 13; cf. Soph. Antig., 264.
[286.5] Salt used as a means of exorcism in Babylonia as early as the third millennium (vide Langdon, Transactions of Congress Hist. Relig., 1908, vol. i. p. 251); the fell “of the great ox” used to purify the palace of the king (vide Zimmern, Beiträge, p. 123; compare the Διὸς κῴδιον in Greek ritual).