An Introduction to Mythology

by Lewis Spence

[7] Amer. Urreligionen, pp. 265, 272 (Basel, 1855).

[8] History of Chile, vol. ii, p. 85 (1809).

[9] Molina, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 87.

[10] Hawkins, Sketch of the Creek Country, p. 80 (Savannah, 1848).

---

INDEX
A
ABALL, Celtic term for apple, [95]
Abella, city of Campania, [95]
Accadian concept of the abyss, [34]-[35]; sun myth, [155]
Adjacent method in mythology, the, [83]
Adonis represents revival of vegetation, [135]
Aeracura, Celtic deity, [294]
Æacus, son of Zeus and Ægina, [206]
Æneid, Servius's commentary on the, [78]
Ængus, Irish deity, [295]
Æolus, Greek wind-god, [133]
Ætiological (explanatory) myth, [15] n.; story of Orestes an, [79];
Jevons on, [86]-[87]; Marett on, [89]
African myth, Lang on, [71]; ideas of future life, [216]
After-life, ideas of, [195] et seq.
Agamedes, builder of Apollo's palace, [121]
Agave, mother of Pentheus, [243]
Agni, Hindu fire-god, [52], [130], [131], [256], [259]; birth of, [160]
Agricultural gods, [113], [128]-[129]
Ahriman, Persian evil principle, [169]; Molina on, [310]
Ahts Indians, beast myth of, [145]; creation myth of, [147];
fire-stealing myth of, [149]; flood myth of, [153]
Ai and Edda, dwarfs in Norse myth, [262]
Aimon Kondi, deity of Arawak Indians, [139], [179]
Ainu (Japan), soul myth of, [152]
A-Kikuyus, myth to account for customs and rites of, [157]
Alatnir, Slavonic magical instrument, [208]
Albiorix, Celtic (Gaulish) deity, [204]
Algonquin Indians, belief in destruction by fire, [139]; myth of birth
of gods of, [144]; dualistic myths of, [145]; dismemberment myth of, [146];
creation myth of, [147], [177]; culture myth of, [150]; fire myth of, [152];
belief in after-life of, [212]
Algonquin Legends of New England, Leland's, [271]
Allatu, Queen of Assyrian Hades, [201]-[202], [288]
'All-Father,' gods and sky-gods; [74] n.; Lang's theory
of the, [67]-[71], [73]-[74]
Alligator as totem of Muskhogean Indians, [307]
Ama-terasu, Japanese sun-goddess, [120], [168], [260]
Amaethon, British deity, [296]
Amei-malghen, guardian spirits of Araucanian Indians, [311]
Amen, Egyptian god, [114]
America, anthropological theories applied to myth of, by Payne, [84];
mound-building in, [305]-[306]; sun-worship in, [305]. See also
Brazil, Mexico, South America, etc.
American Indians, North, myths of, [31]; flint-gods of, [26] et seq.;
fire myths of, [139]; myth of origin of man of, [143]; place of reward of,
[153]; star myth of, [156]; creation myths of, [174]-[186]; ideas of
after-life among, [211]-[215]; mythic writings of, [270]
Ancestor-worship, [104], [110]-[112]
Andaman Islanders, fire-stealing myth of, [149]
Andes, thunder-gods of, [122]-[123]
Animal worship in Egypt, [45]
Animatism, definition of, [22] n.
Animism, definitions, [17], [22], [52]; Tylor on origin of, [23] n.; place
in mythic development, [31]; Tylor's theory regarding, [58]-[59]; causes of,
according to Spencer, [59]-[60]; Lang's criticism upon theory of, [72]-[73];
universal nature of early, [82]; and the supernatural idea of water, [97];
definite form of, developed in Egypt, [97]; origin of, Elliot Smith's
theory of the, [97]; distinction between, and polytheism, [109]; animistic
conception of thunder, [122]; and corn myth, [129]-[130]
Animistic myth, classes of, [23]
Anthropological school of mythology [51]; its criticism of Müller's
theories, [52]-[53]; recognizes gender-termination as survival
from animistic stage, [53]; its position, [54]-[55]; Tiele on, [65]-[66];
'ignorant camp-followers' of, [66]
Anthropomorphism, [20], [110], [119], [125] et seq.
Anti, Araucanian sun-deity, [315]
Antike Wald- und Feldkulte, Mannhardt's, [53]
Antis Indians, dismemberment myth of, [146]; culture myth of, [150];
flood myth of, [153]
Anu, Babylonian deity, [166], [251], [288]
Anubis, Egyptian god, [285]
Apep, night-serpent in Egyptian myth, [99]
Aphrodite, mandrake cult of, [93]; description of, [285]
Apollo, as fire, [41]; apple cult of, [93], [94]-[95]; as mistletoe, [95];
origin of, [95]; as sun-god, [119]; solar myth of, [121]; as wielder
of lightning spear, [124], [127]; as guardian of crops, [129]; Homer
on, [258]; described, [283]-[284]; Celtic gods equated with, [294];
Bilé equated with, [296]
Apo-ulmenes, [309]-[310]
Apple-trees, cult of, [95]
Apsaras, Hindu nymphs, [291]
Apsu, Babylonian monster, [34], [166], [296]
Aqas Xenas Xena, American Indian myth of, [214]
Aradia, the Gospel of the Witches of Italy, Leland's, [236]
Araucanian (Chilean) Indians, [308] et seq.; Peruvian
influence upon myth of, [309]-[310]; deluge myth of, [310]-[311];
lack of worship among, [311]; castes of priests among, [312];
beliefs regarding the soul among, [313]; place of the dead
according to, [313]; funeral practices of, [313]-[314]
Arawaks of Guiana, fire myth of, [139], [152]; legend of world-tree
among, [141]; culture myth of, [150]; flood myth of, [153]; creation
myth of, [177]-[179]
Arianrhod, British deity, [296]
Arician grove, cult of, [76]; priest of, as incarnation of
tree-spirit, [77]. See also Golden Bough
Aricoute, Tupi-Guarani hero, [183]
Arran, sacred stone of, [27]
Artemis, as moon, [41]; mugwort cult of, [93]; as moon-goddess, [127];
Homer on, [258]
Arthur, King, as sun-hero, [122]; his Round Table as the sun, [122]
Aruru, creatrix of Eabani in the Gilgamesh epic, [250]
Ascent of Olympus, The, Harris's, [93]
Aschochimi Indians, beast myth of, [145]; flood myth of, [153]
Ashtaroth, or Astarte, compared with Venus, [285]
Askr and Embla, Norse Adam and Eve, [170]
Asshur, Assyrian god, [286]; described, [288]
Assyrian Hades, [201]-[203]
Astrology and myth, [202]
Athapascan Indians, creation myth of, [147], [179];
fire-stealing myth of, [149]
Athene, Homer on, [20], [258]; the name, [47] n.; as owl, [94];
described, [284]-[285]
Atius Tirawa, Caddoan creative deity, [181]
Attys, vegetation god, [135]
Augustine, St, on myth, [43]
Aurora, Greek divinity, [50]
Australia, early isolation of, [36]-[37]
Australians (aboriginal), myth of moon of, [19]; Lang on, [68]; beast
myth of, [145]; dualistic myth, of, [146]; myth of origin of man of,
[148]; culture myth of, [150]; taboo myth of, [150]; death myth of,
[151]; star myth of, [156]
Avaggdu, British deity, [296]
Aztecs, war-god of, [32], [298]; fire myth of, [152]; myth of place of
reward of, [154]; sun myth of, [155]; moon myth of, [156]; abode
of dead of, [211]; deities of, [299].
See also Mexicans
B
BAAL, Bealltainn sacrifice believed to be to, [240]
Babylonians, creation myth of, [34]-[35], [146], [165]-[166], [173]; dualistic
myth of, [145]; culture myth of, [149]; deluge myth of, [153];
place of punishment of, [154]; myth of journey through
Underworld of, [154]; food of the dead myth of, [155];
sun myth of, [155]; moon myth of, [155]; star myth of, [156],
[252]-[253]; general description of myths of, [286]
Bacchus, connected with the earth, [134]; Leland on invocation to, [237]
Bacon, Francis, his interpretation of myth, [45]
Bakairi Indians, star myth of, [140]; and Orion, [141]; creation-myth of, [182]
Balder, his journey to Hel, [196]
Balor, Celtic god, [294]-[295]
Banier, Abbé, historical treatment of myth, [45]
Bast, Egyptian goddess, [110]
Bat-god of Kakchiquel steals seeds of fire, [268]
Bealltainn, Scottish festival of, [240] et seq.
Beast myths, table of, [144]
Beelzebub, Syrian deity, [44]
Beetle as creative agency in Egypt and South America, [181], [183]
Bel in Gilgamesh epic, [253]
Belenos, Celtic (Gaulish) deity, [294]
Belial, [44]
Bellerophon, Hellenic sun-hero, [122]
Bel-Merodach, Babylonian god, [34]; description of, [287]-[288]
Belus, supposititious connexion of, with Bealltainn festival, [241]-[242]
Beowulf, myth of, [121]-[122]
Berecyntia, goddess of Autun, [294]
Bhaga, Indian deity, [256]
Biblical narrative, how it colours myth, [37]
Biblical creation story, [167]
Bilé, British god, [242], [296]
Bird myths, [31]-[32]
Birth of gods myths, table of, [144]
Blood, natural food of spirits, [106]
Blue Jay, god of Chinook Indians, myths of, [31]-[32], [68], [301]-[302]
Boag, Johnny, legend of, [234]
Boat-language of Scottish fishers, [235]
Bohemian festival, return of summer, [136]
Book of the Dead, [246]
Boreas, Harris on, [95]; as wind in Greek myth, [133]
Bornean ideas of after-life, [216]-[217]
Bororo Indians and Milky Way, [141]
Borvo, Celtic (Gaulish) god, [294]
"Bragaræthur," the, a portion of the Edda, [260]
Brahma, Hindu deity, [115], [256], [290]-[291]; as creator, [160], [162];
his mythological side, [291]
Brahmanas, savagery in, [20]
Bran, British deity, [296]
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Abbé, French translator of Popol Vuh,
[187]-[188], [290]
Brazilian Indians, earth myth of, [134]; fire myth of, [139]; moon
myth of, [156]
Bres, Celtic god, [295]
Bretons, fire-stealing myth of, [149]
"Brewing of Ægir, The," Norse myth, [262]
Brigit, Irish goddess, [296]
Brinton, Professor D. G., his Myths of the New World, [190]-[191];
mentioned by Leland, [270]
Britain, totems in, [28]
British gods, [296] et seq.
Brounger, myth of, [26]; folk-song on, [27] et seq.
Browny, a goblin, [44]
Bryant, Jacob, his Analysis of Ancient Mythology, [46]
Buddhists, place of reward of, [153]
Bull-roarer, [19]; gods evolved from, [24]
Buri, Norse primeval deity, [170]
Burnt-offerings to spirits, [106]-[107]
Burry Man, the, [135]-[137]
Bushmen, myth of Kwai Hemm among, [19]; dismemberment myth
among, [146]; creation myth of, [147]; myth of origin of man of,
[148]; culture myth of, [150]; death myth of, [151]; star myth
of, [156]; moon myth of, [156]
Buyán, isle of, [208]
C
CABRAKAN, earth-giant in Kiche myth, [265] et seq.
Cadmus, Greek solar hero, [122]
Cahrocs, fire-stealing myth of, [149]
Californian Indian creation myths, [180]
Camulos, Celtic (Gaulish) tribal god, [294]
Carayas Indians, culture myth of, [150]
Caribs (Bakairi), their name for Earth-Mother, [134]; name for
Milky Way, [141]; (of Guiana) star myth of, [142]; (Antillean)
beast myth of, [145]; dismemberment myth of, [146]; culture myth
of, [150]; flood myth of, [153]; place of reward of, [154]; place
of punishment of, [154]; creation myths of, [182]
Castor and Pollux, their human form, [156]
Caturix, Gaulish war-god, [294]
Celtic myth of origin of heroes, [149]; culture myth, [150]; place
of reward, [153]; place of punishment, [154]; adventures in
Underworld, [155]; sun myth, [155]; creation myth, [169], [194];
Otherworld, [209]-[210]; mythic system described generally, [294]
et seq.
Centeotl, Mexican maize-god, [134]
Central Africans, death myth of, [151]
Centzon Mimizcoa, Mexican name for the star-spirits, [211]
Cephalus as sun, [50]
Cerberus, dog guardian of Latin Hades, [44]
Ceremonies representing details of myths, [87]
Cherokee Indians, culture myth of, [150]
Chiapas Indians, culture myth of, [150]
Chicomecohuatl, Mexican maize-goddess, [299]
Childhood, conservatism of, [64]
Childhood of Fiction, Macculloch's, [222]
Chinese creation myth, [166]-[167], [193]
Chinook Indians, myths of, [31], [300]-[304]; beast myth of, [145]; myth of
journey through Underworld of, [155]; food of the dead myth of, [155];
idea of after-life among, [213]-[214]; mythic system of, [300]-[304]
Chippeway Indian belief in after-life, [212]
Choctaw Indians, myths of, [304]; creation myth of, [306]-[307];
Paradise of, [307]; priests of, [308]
Cingalese, soul myth of, [152]
Cipactli animal in Mexican myth, [98]
Classification of myth, [138] et seq.
Codex Regius, MS. of the Edda, [261]-[262]
Coem, hero of Tupi-Guarani Indians, [183]
Comes, Natalis, his interpretation of myth, [45]
Compact with gods, [112]-[113], [117]-[118]
Comparative mythology, [47]
Comparative religion, [13]
Comparative tables of myths, [144]-[157]
Complementary process in folklore, [233]
Con or Cun, thunder-god of the Collao of Peru, [309], [310]
Conservatism of childhood, [64]
Cook, Professor A. B., [89]
Copacahuana, fish-goddess of Peruvians, [125]-[126], [315]
Corn-sheaf, rites connected with, [128]
Corn-spirit, [113]-[114]; distinction between, and god, [128];
abode of, [129]-[130]; as ruler of Underworld, [218]
Cosmic egg in Japanese myth, [168]
Cosmogony generally, see Chapter VI, pp. [158] et seq.; also
Creation myths
Cosmogonies, relationship of, [187]-[193]
'Covent Garden' school of mythology, [75]
Cox, Rev. Sir G. W., advocates universality of the sun myth, [50];
on relationship of mythology to folklore, [223]
Coyote, evil principle in Maidu
Indian creation myth, [180]
Creation myths generally, see Chapter VI, pp. [158] et seq.;
Babylonian, [34]-[35], [165]-[166]; table of, [146]-[147]; Egyptian, [163]-[165];
Chinese, [166]-[167]; Jewish, [167]; Japanese, [168]; Iranian, [169];
Celtic, 169; Norse, [170]; Mexican, [171]-[172]; Peruvian, [173]; American
Indian, [174]-[186]; South American, 177-17[9]relationship of, [187]-[193];
conclusions on, [192]-[194]; of the Choctaw Indians, [306]-[307]
Creation Myths of Primitive America, Curtin's, [174]
Creuzer, on religious nature of myth, [46]
Cronus, and savage element in Greek myth, [18]; as principle of time, [41];
deposed by his sons, [206]; shares sovereignty of Elysium with
Rhadamanthus, [207]
Cult of Othin, Chadwick's, [198]
Cultes, mythes, et religions, Reinach's, [85], [109]
Culture-heroes, [119]
Culture myths, [149]-[150]
Çupay, Peruvian lord of the dead, [212], [218]
Cupid and Psyche, myth of, [143]
Curtin, Jeremiah, his Creation Myths of Primitive America
quoted, [174]-[177]
Custom, reasons for its adoption inspired by tradition, [96]
Customs or rites, myths of, classified, [157]
Cythrawl, Celtic evil principle, [169]-[170]
D
DAGDA, Irish deity, [295]
Dakota Indians, soul myth of, [212]
Dancing and myth, [238]-[239]
Danu, Celtic goddess, [295]
Darmesteter and meteorological myths, [51]
Dea Domnann, Celtic goddess, [295]
Dead, the, as gods, [42]
Death, myths of, [142], [150]-[151]
De Brosses, his explanation of myth, [45]

Delphi, Apolline garden at, [95]
Deluge myth, [36]-[37]; classified, [153]; Babylonian, [252]-[253];
Araucanian, [310]-[311]
Demeter, myth of, [129]-[130], [288], [304]
Déné Indians—see Tinneh
Departmental gods, [116], [117], [118]
De præstigiis dæmonum, Wierus's, [232]
Deucalion, [178]
Deutsche Mythologie, [90]
Deutsche Sagen, Brothers Grimm's, [90]
Devetinus, a devil, [44]
Dharma, Indian god of duty, [256]
Diana, temple of, [78], [79]; as moon-goddess, [127]; Leland on, as
goddess of old religion, [237]
Diana Nemorensis, priest of, [75]
Diancecht, Irish deity, [295]
Dictionary of Mythology, Spence's, [226]
Dindje Indians, dismemberment myth of, [146]
Dionysus, ivy cult of, [93], [94]-[95]; and dismemberment myth, [143];
the rites of, [242] et seq.; Homer on, [258]
Dismemberment myths, [143]; table of, [146]
Distribution of myths, [70]
Dragon, earth-, Great Mother evolved from, [98]
Dragon legend, Elliot Smith on, [97]-[98]
Dualism, [143]-[144]
Dualistic myths, table of, [145]-[146]; in Tupi mythology, [184]
Duat, Egyptian Hades, [200]-[201]
Du culte des dieux fétiches, ou parallèle de l'ancienne religion de
l'Égypte avec la religion actuelle de Nigritie, De Brosses's, [45]
Durga, Hindu goddess, [291]
Dyaus, Hindu Vedic deity, [289]
E
EA, Babylonian deity, [126], [287]; creation of, [166]; in myth of
Ut-Napishtim, [253], [254]
Eabani, type of primitive man in Gilgamesh epic, [250] et seq.
Earth-gods, [133]-[135]
Earth-Mother, [133]; evolved from earth-dragon, [98]
Eclectic system in mythology, rationality of, [115]
Eddas, the, [260]-[262]; the Younger or Prose, [260]; the Elder or Poetic, [261]
Editing of myth, Peruvian example of, [16]; Babylonian instance of, [34]-[35]
Egg, cosmic, in Indian myth, [162]; in Egyptian myth, [165]
Egyptians, Plutarch on gods of, [15]; animal-worship of, [45]; dualistic
myth of, [145]; dismemberment myth among, [146]; culture myth of, [149];
soul myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]; place of reward of, [153];
place of punishment of, [154], [200]-[201]; myth of journey through
Underworld of, [154]; sun myth of, [155]; moon myth of, [155]; star myth
of, [156]; creation myths of, [163]-[165], [193]; Paradise of, [198]-[200];
mythic writings of, [245]-[248]; general description of myths of, [285]-[286]
Elf-arrow, [27]
Elixir of life, and dragon, [97]; as human blood, [97]
Elysium, [206]-[207]
Enigohatgea (Bad Mind), in Iroquois myth, [191]
Enigorio (Good Mind), in Iroquois myth, [191]
En-lil, Babylonian thunder-god, [124]; creation of, [166], [287]
Eos, as dawn, [50]
Epona, Celtic (Gaulish) horse-goddess, [294]
Eponymous animals, [125]
Epunamun, Araucanian deity, [309]-[310]
Esaugetuh Emissee, Choctaw creative deity, [306]-[307]
Eskimos, soul myth of, [152]; star myth of, [156]
Ethical influences upon myth, [217]-[218]
Euhemerus, his system, [42]
Evolution of gods, [102] et seq.; associated with conception of
spirit, [102]-[104]
Evolution of the Dragon, The, Elliot Smith's, [96]
"Execration upon Vulcan," Jonson's, [280]
F
FAERIE QUEENE, mythological references in Spenser's, [278]
Farnell, Lewis, his criticism of The Golden Bough, [81]-[83]
Father May, May Day character in Brie, [136]
Fauna, Latin rural deity, [135]
Faunus, Latin rural deity, [135]
Faust, Scottish, [228]-[233]
Fetish, definition of, [24] et seq.; difference between god
and, [25]; development of, [104]-[108]; air the element of, [106]-[107];
work of, [108]; sale of, [108]; religious ideas connected with,
lack force and permanence, [108]; hunting, [116]-[117]; sacrifice to, [116]
Fetishism, in Greece, [20]; nature of, [24] et seq.; and evolution
of idea of god, [104], [107]
Fiji Islanders, death myth of, [151]
Finns, forest-god of, [76]; dismemberment myth among, [146]; creation myth
of, [147]; food of the dead myth of, [155]
Fire-gods, [130]-[131]
Fire myths, [139]; preponderance of American examples in, [139];
classification of, [152]; myths of fire-stealing, [140], [149]
Fire-stick, [94]
Fisher beliefs of Scotland, [234]
Fish-gods of America, [314]-[315]
Fladdahuan (Hebrides), sacred stone in, [27]
Flint-gods, [26]
Flood myths, [36], [37]; classified, [153]; Babylonian, [252]-[253];
Araucanian, [310]-[311]
Folklore, definition of, [12] et seq.; and myth, [221] et seq.;
complementary process in, [233]
Folklore as an Historical Science, Gomme's, [14] n.,
[15] n., [90], [221], [233]
Folk-tale, definition of, [12]; appropriated by mythologists, [92];
and history, [92]; dependence of, upon custom and superstition, [93]
Fomorians, mythical Irish race of Titans, [294]
Food of the dead, [37]; myths of, classified, [155]; the eating of, [304]
Frazer, Sir J. G., definition of religion, [14]; his Golden Bough,[75];
his method founded on that of Mannhardt, [75]; his thesis, [75]-[77];
criticism of, by Lang, [77]-[81]
Freya, Teutonic goddess, [262], [292]
Funeral practices of the Araucanian Indians, [313]-[314]; of Pehuenche
Indians, [314]
G
GÆA, Greek earth-goddess, [18], [134], [283]
Gallinomero (Californian) Indians, place of punishment of, [154]
Gandharvas, Hindu deities, [291]
Ganesa, Hindu god, [291]
Garnega, St, in Sir John Rowll's Cursing, [44]
Garog, in Sir John Rowll's Cursing, [44]
Garonhia, Iroquois Indian deity, [305]
Garuda, Hindu deity, [256]
Gaul, gods of, [294]
Gayatri, Hindu deity, [256]
Gayomart, Persian Adam, [169]
Gehenna, Hebrew Hell, [203]-[206]
Gelfion, in Scandinavian myth, [260]
Gender-terminations, effect of, in beliefs regarding natural
phenomena, [52]; anthropological school regards, as early survivals, [53]
German Myths, Mannhardt's, [53]
Germany, myths of, [90]
Ghastly Priest, The, Lang's essay on, [75]-[81]
Gilgamesh epic, [248]-[255]; astrological aspect of, [254]-[255]
Glooskap, central figure of New England Indian legends, [270] et seq.
God, idea of, not animistic, [72]; conception of soul not essential to
idea of, [72]; original idea of, as 'magnified non-natural man,' [73]-[74];
idea of, developed from deified king, [97]
Gods, in animal shape, [19]; dialectical misunderstandings alter
nomenclature of, [30]; grouping of, into a pantheon, [30]; alien,
identified with national, [34]; as elements, [41]-[42]; developed
from the dead, [42]; graves of, [42]; names of, no guide to their
nature, [52]; of vegetation, [75]; totems attached to, [109]; compact
with the, [112]-[113]; of the chase, later secondary position of, [113];
agricultural, [113], [129]; departmental, [116], [117], [118]; of the sea, [125];
idea of, as dwelling in the sky, [219]
Gods of Egypt, The, Budge's, [165] n.
Gog, in Sir John Rowll's Cursing, [44]
Goibnin, Celtic smith-god, [263], [295]-[296]
Golden bough of myth situated in the Arician grove, [76]; Virgil
on, [77]-[78]; Servius on, [77]-[78];
Virgil's idea of, equated by Lang with mystic sword of romance, [77], [81];
human sacrifice and, [78], Proserpine and, [78]; temple of, [78]; what is
the? [80]-[81]
Golden Bough, The, Frazer's, [75] et seq.; criticism of,
by Lewis Farnell, [81]
Gomme, Sir G. Laurence, on traditional narrative, [91]; his standpoint,
[90]-[92]; on folklore and myth, [221]-[222]; on restoration of myth, [233]-[234]
Gorgon's head, Shelley's poem on, [279]
Govannon, Celtic smith-god, [263].
See also Goibniu
Græco-Roman myth, [282]-[285]
Grannos, Celtic (Gaulish) god, [294]
Great Mother, cowrie-shell as, [99]
Greeks, mysteries of, [19]; early religion of, [93]; myth of birth of
gods of, [144]; beast myth among, [144]-[145]; dualistic myth of, [145];
dismemberment myth of, [146]; creation myth of, [146]; origin of man myth
among, [148]; myth of origin of heroes among, [149]; fire-stealing myth
of, [149]; culture myth of, [150]; taboo myth of, [150]; death myth of, [151];
soul myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]; place of reward of, [153]; place
of punishment of, [154], [206]-[207]; myth of journey through Underworld
of, [154]; food of the dead myth among, [155]; sun myth of, [155]; moon
myth of, [156]; star myth of, [156]; myth to account for rites among, [157];
ideas of Elysian fields among, [207]
Green George, St George's Day character in Carinthia, [136]
Grimm, J. L. K., [90]
Grimm, W. K., [90]
Grubb, W. Barbrook, on Lengua Indian creation myth, [180]-[181]
Guaracy, Tupi Indian sun-god, [184]
Guatemalans, place of punishment of, [154]
Gucumatz in Kiche Popol Vuh, [265]
Guecubu, demon of Araucanians of Chile, [310]
Gulcheman, Araucanian Indian place of the dead, [313]
Gwion Bach, British god, [296]
Gwydion, British deity, [296]
Gylfi in Scandinavian myth, [260]
H
HADES, Greek, [206]-[207]
Hahe, Samoyede fetish, [105]
Haida, American Indian thunder-god, [123]
Hanuman, monkey king in Hindu myth, [289]
Hare or Hare-skin Indians—see Tinneh
Harog, Teutonic god or spirit, [45]
Harris, Dr Rendel, his view on myth, [93]-[95]; Elliot Smith on views of, [96]
'Harrying of Hell,' myth of, [31]
Hartland, Sidney, his theories, [92]-[93]
Hathor, Egyptian goddess, [27]
"Hávamál" Norse mythological hook, [261]
Heaven, idea of, [195] et seq.; localized in the sky, [218]-[219]
Hebrews, myth of origin of heroes of, [149]; taboo myth of, [150];
soul myth of, [152]; fire myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]; creation
myth of, [167]; place of punishment of, [203]-[206]
Hecatæus of Miletus, his interpretation of myth, [42]
Hecate, infernal goddess, [278]
Heh, Egyptian sky-god, [165]
Hel, the Teutonic Hades, [196]-[197]
Hel, Teutonic goddess of death, [196], [197], [218]
Hell, idea of, [195] et seq.; localized as beneath the
earth, [219]-[220]. See also Places of punishment
Hephæstus, as fire, [41], [130]-[131], [284]
Hera, Greek deity, as air, [41]; mother of Hephæstus, [130];
Homer on, [258]; wife of Zeus, [283]; described, [284]
Herman, G., explains myth by etymology, [48]
Hermes, Greek deity, [284]
Hermitten, Brazilian Indian hero-god, [183]
Hero myths, classified, [149]. See also Culture myths
Herse, Greek deity, as the dew, [50]
Hindus, dualistic myths of, [145]; creation myths of, [147]; myth of
origin of man among, [148]; myths of origin of heroes among, [149];
death myth of, [151]; flood myth of, [153]; sun myth of, [155]; star
myth of, [156], [159]-[160]; gods of, [20], [289] et seq.; mythical
literature of [255] et seq.
History, its relation to myth, [15] n., [42], [58], [92]
History of the Affairs of New Spain, Sahagun's, [210], [264]
History of the New World called America, Payne's, [83], [84], [105]
Hiyeda No Ra Rae, reciter of Japanese myth and history, [259]
Homeric period, religion of, [258]
Horus, Egyptian god, [29]-[30], [122], [198]-[199]; confused with Great
Mother, [98]; described, [286]
Hottentot beliefs, [71]; dualistic myths, [145]; death myth, [151]
Hun-Apu, Kiche god, adventures of, in Popol Vuh,[265] et seq.;
overcomes giants, [266], [302]
Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu, adventures of, in Popol Vuh, [266]
et seq.
Hunting gods, [116]-[117]
Hurakan, Kiche creative god, [172], [309]; in Popol Vuh, [265]
Huron Indians, myth of the birth of gods among, [144]; dualistic
myth of, [145]; myth of the origin of man of, [148]; culture myth
of, [150]; death myth of, [151]; moon myth of, [156]; belief in
after-life of, [212]
"Hymn to Proserpine," Swinburne's, mythical references in, [280]
I
IKANAM, Chinook creator, [301]
Ikenuwakcom, Indian thunder-god, [302]
Iliad, the, [20], [257]-[259]
Imagination, theory of the universal resemblance of human, [93]
Incas (Peru), dualistic myth of, [145]; creation myth of, [147]
Indians of Nicaragua, their mode of sacrifice, [107]
Indra, Hindu god, myth of, [20]; as a quail, [123]; birth of, [160];
mentioned, [130], [256], [289], [291]
Inniskea, Irish island, sacred stone of, [27]
Inspiration, value of, in mythic elucidation, [293]
Introduction to Mythology and Folklore, Cox's, [50], [133]
Introduction to the History of Religion, Jevons', [86]
Ioi, sister of Blue Jay, in Chinook myth, [301]
Ipurina Indians, their belief about Orion, [141]
Iranian creation myth, [169]
Irin Magé deity of Tupi-Guarani Indians, [139], [183]
Iris, Xenophanes on, [41]
Irish gods, [294] et seq.; myths, [295] et seq.
Iron, spirits' dread of, [234]-[235]
Iroquois Indians, dualistic myth of, [146]; creation myth
of, [147], [179]-[180]; myth of the Two Brothers of, [191];
belief in after-life of, [212]
Ishtar and Tammuz, myth of, [251]; described, [288]
Isis, Egyptian goddess, [129]-[130], [246], [286]
Italapas, coyote-god of the Chinook Indians, [301], [303]
Italy, modern magic in, [236]-[237]
Ivy, as sacred plant, [94]-[95]
Izanagi, Japanese creative god, [168]
Izanami, Japanese creative goddess, [168]
J
JACK-IN-THE-GREEN, [137]
Jacy, Tupi Indian moon-god, [184]
Japanese, creation myth of, [147], [168], [194]; culture myth of, [150];
place of punishment of, [154]; adventures in Underworld of, [155];
mythic literature, [259]-[260]
Jevons, Dr F. B., on myths, [86]; his Introduction to the History of
Religion, [86]
Joskeha (White One), Huron Indian deity, [37], [191]
Jötunn, Norse giants alluded to in the "Völuspá," [261], [293]
"Journey of Skirnir, The," Norse mythic book, [261]
Juno, [80]; as mother of Vulcan, [279]
Jupiter, myth of, as swan, [28]; equated with Zeus and Tyr, [48];
as thunder-deity, [124]; Leland on invocation to, [237]; in Shelley's
Prometheus Unbound, [276]; in Milton's Paradise Lost, [277];
Spenser on, [278]
Jurupari, Brazilian Indian deity, [192]
K
KALI, Hindu goddess, variant of Durga, [291]
Kame, Carib Indian hero-god, [182]
Karaya Indians, star myth of, [140]; their myth about Milky Way, [141];
their myth about Orion, [141]
Karma, Hindu deity,

[159]
Kartikeya, Hindu god, [256]
Karu, hero-god of the Mundruku Indians, [183]
Keri, hero-god of Bakairi (Carib) Indians, [182]
Keridwen, British goddess, [227], [296]
Khepera, Egyptian creative deity, [163]; Osiris takes form of, [164]
Khnemu, creative acts of, [165]
Kiche Indians (Guatemala), creation myth of, [147], [172], [264]-[265]; their
myth of origin of man, [148]; their myth of origin of heroes, [149],
[265]-[268]; Underworld of, [212]; mythical history of, [268] et seq.
Kinder- und Hausmärchen, Brothers Grimm's, [90]
King, as tree-spirit, [76]
King of Tars, The, English romance, mythical references in, [43]
Kingu, Babylonian monster, [35]
Klaatsch, Dr, on Australians, [37]
Kneph, Egyptian god, [298]
Kodoyanpe, Maidu Indian creation myth of, [180]
Kojiki, Japanese mythic book, [259]
Krimen, Tupi-Guarai Indian hero, [183]
Krishna, Hindu deity, cult of, [257]
Kuhn, and meteorological myths, [51]
Kuni-toko-tachi, Japanese god, [168]
Kuvera, Hindu deity, [256]
L
LADAKS of Tibet, place of punishment of, [154]
Laestrin, his interpretation of myths from nebular phenomena, [51]
Lafitau, his interpretation of Indian totems, [29]; indicates savage
element in myth, [45]
Lang, Andrew, on solar myth, [54]; on Spencer's theories, [60]; works
of, [66] et seq.; his position, [66]; distrust of Müller's
conclusions, [66]; on 'disease of language,' [67]; on the sacred and
frivolous in religion, [67]; his conception of myth, arguments
against, [69]; his general thesis, [69]; his theory attached to
evolutionary systems, [70]; his three stages of myth, [70]; his
Modern Mythology,[71]-[72]; his anti-animistic hypothesis, [72]-[73];
his Making of Religion, [72]-[74]; his 'All-Father' theory and
sky-gods, [74] n.; his criticism of Frazer's Golden
Bough, [75]-[77]
Language and formation of myth, [56]
Lares, the, [237]
Latin earth-gods, [134]
Laurel as sacred plant, [94]
"Lay of Hoarbeard," Norse mythic book, [261]-[262]
Leda, Roman goddess, [28]
Legend, definition of, [12]; Gomme's definition of, [90]
Legend of Perseus, The, Hartland's, [93]
Leland, C. G., his Aradia, [236]-[237]; his Kuloshap the
Master, [270]-[271]
Lengua Indians of South America, creation myth of, [180]-[181]; ideas
of the after-life among, [214]-[215]
Leto, mother of Apollo, as darkness, [121]
Life-index, the, [247] n.
Lightning spear, the, [124]
Lithuanian May Day festival, [136]
Little May Rose, Alsatian May Day character, [136]
Little Leaf Man, Thuringian May Day character, [136]
Llud Llaw Ereint, British deity, [295]
Loki, Scandinavian deity, [131], [292]-[293]; as fire-god, [293]
Lox, Algonquin deity, [143]
Lug, Irish god, [295]
Lunar gods, [126]-[127]; their qualities, [127]; connexion with water, [127]
M
MABINOGION, Welsh mythical book, [262]
Macculloch, Dean, on folk-tale and myth, [222]-[223]
Macha, Irish war-goddess, [296]
McLennan, J. F., his writings on totemism, [59]
Madagascar, dismemberment myth of natives of, [146]
Magic and Religion, Lang's, [75]
Magic, in modern Italy, [236]-[237]
Mahabharata, the, [257]
Maire, Tupi-Guarani deity, [183]
Maize-gods of Mexico, [299]
Making of Religion, The, Lang's, [66], [71], [72]
Makonaima, Arawak creative god, [177]-[178]
Malays, soul myth of, [152]
Malsum the Wolf in North American Indian legend, [271]-[272]
Mama Allpa, Peruvian earth-goddess, [134]
Mama-cocha ('Mother Sea'), Peruvian goddess, [125], [314]
Mama Nono, Carib Earth-Mother, [134], [182]
Man, primitive, irrationality of, [17]; his thirst for knowledge, [21];
'magnified non-natural,' regarded as earliest type of god by
Lang, [73]-[74]; imagination of, [93]; not an inventive animal, [96];
myths of origin of, classified, [148]; creation of, see
Chapter VI, [158] et seq.
Manannan mac Lir, lord of Irish Hades, [263], [295]
Manawyddan, British deity, [263], [295]
Mandan Sioux Indians, creation myth of, [182]
Mani, Polynesian god, myth of, [142]
Mannhardt, his defection from the philological school, [53]; his
method, [54]; Frazer's method founded on that of, [75]; on vegetation
spirits, [79]
Maoris, their myth of original man, [148]
Marett, Dr R. R., on myth as non-explanatory, [15] n.; on
pre-animistic beliefs, [23] et seq.; his Threshold of
Religion, [88]; on the 'religious' in animism and mythology, [88];
on etiological myths, [89]
Marine deities, [125]
Maya, belief in destruction by fire among, [139]; culture myth of, [150];
fire myth of, [152]
Mars, as agricultural god, [124]
May-time ceremonies in Scotland, [248] et seq.
Medico-religious practice, [300]
Medieval mythology, [43]
Melanesians, their myth of origin of man, [148]; culture myth of, [150]
Mercury, Roman deity, [32], [237], [294]
Merodach, Babylonian god, [167], [283], [288]-[289]; as sun-god, [120];
defeats Tiawath, [166]; described, [286]-[287]
Metaphysics, savage, [21]
Meteorological school of mythology, [51]
Meulen, god of Araucanian Indians of Chile, [310], [312]
Mexicans, myths of birth of gods of, [144]; creation myth of, [147];
myth of the origin of heroes of, [149]; culture myth of, [150]; flood
myth of, [153]; place of punishment of, [154]; star myth of, [156].
See also Aztecs
Mexican myth, flint-gods in, [26] et seq.; of Uitzilopochtli, [32];
creation myths, [171]-[172]; Heaven, [210]-[211]; Hades, [211]; sources
of, [263]-[270]; mythology described, [296] et seq.
Mexico, Payne on mythology of, [84]; Mother-goddess in, [98];
blood-sacrifice in, [113]
Michabo, Algonquin Indian creative god, [139], [177]
Mictecaciuatl, wife of Mictlantecutli, [211]
Mictlantecutli, lord of the Mexican Hades, [196], [211], [218] Milky Way,
in South American myth, [141]; as Slavonic path to Heaven, [209]; as
American Indian route to Paradise, [211]-[212]
Milton, mythology of, [44]
Minerva, [278]; Ben Jonson mentions, [280]; described, [284]
Minos, [206]
Mithra, Persian deity, [289]
Mitra, Hindu deity, [289]
Mixcoatl, Mexican god, [124]
Mjolnir, hammer of Thor, [294]
Modern Mythology, Lang's, [66], [71]
Mohammed confused with gods, [43]
Mohammedans, soul myth of, [152]
Monan, deity of Tupi-Guarani Indians, attempts destruction of
world, [139], [183]
Monotheism, causes of, [30]
Moon-gods, [126]-[127]; their qualities, [127]; connexion with water, [127];
goddess, her connexion with fertility, [127]; with love, [127];
myths classified, [155]-[156]
Morrigan, Irish war-goddess, [296]
Mother-goddess in Mexico, [98]
Mound-building in America, [305]-[306]
Moxos Indians, star myth of, [140]
Müller, K. O., his view of mythic science, [46]
Müller, Professor Max, definition of religion, [14]; on character of
early thought, [21] et seq.; his interpretation of myth, [47]
et seq.; [50]-[51]; applied methods of comparative philology
to myth, [48]; described myth as 'a disease of language,' [48]; his
critics, [49]-[50]; opposed by anthropological school, [52]; his theory
of effect of gender-terminations upon beliefs regarding natural
phenomena, [52]; Mannhardt on his theory, [53]
Mummification, theory of soul developed from, [79]
Mummu, Babylonian monster, [34]-[35], [166]
Mundruku Indians, creation myth of, [183]
Murri tribe, fire-stealing myth of, [149]
Muskhogean Indians, traditions of, [305]
Muyscas Indians, flood myth of, [153]; moon myth of, [156]
Mysteries, Greek, [19]
Myth, definitions of, [11], [12] et seq., [87]; regarded by some as
religious in character, [13], [20], [63], [88]; its inter-relation with
comparative religion, [14] et seq.; elements of, [15] n.;
its relations with history, [15] n., [34], [42], [58], [90]-[91], [92];
savage and irrational element in, [15], [16], [18] et seq.,
[45], [65], [67], [69]-[90]; editing of, [16], [18], [33]-[35]; and early science, [20];
invention of, [21]; development of, [30]-[31], [58]; and spirit of sanctity,
[32]-[33]; fusion in, [33]; purgation of, [33]; explanation of, lost, [34];
antiquity of, [33]-[34]; causes of its change, [33]-[34]; classification
of, [35] et seq.; distribution of, [35]-[36]; theory of origin of,
in one centre, [36]; fixity of, [38], [55]-[56]; authenticity of, [39];
Christian fathers on, [43]; 'psychic' explanation of, [43]; scientific
treatment of, [46]; its comprehension through language, [48], and
see Müller; as natural phenomena, [43]; 'pragmatical' explanation
of, [43]; Müller's interpretation of, [50]; personalism in, [56]; among
races of low culture, [56]; and natural phenomena, [57]; names in, [57]-[58];
its regularity of development, [58]; regarded by some as non-religious
in character, [61], [68], [87], [92]; and ritual, [61], [64], [89], [238]; as
primitive philosophy, [62]; interpreted by allegory, renders ancient
forms significant, [62]; non-ethical nature of, [64]; difference between,
and religion, [68]; early, not essentially absurd or blasphemous, [69];
difference between dogma and, one of degree only, [69]; arguments
against Lang's conception of, [69]; Lang's three stages of, [70];
interpretations of, in accordance with contemporary ideas, [70];
complexity of, [70]; comparison of savage with 'civilized,' [71];
stratification theory of, [81]-[82]; survival of, due to grouping, [86];
secondary, [90], [238]; in early, animals take place of gods, [109]; solar,
its groundwork, [120]; various classes of, [138]; and folklore, connexion
between, [234]; written sources of, [245] et seq.; in English
poetry, [275]-[281]
Myth, Ritual, and Religion, Lang's, [66], [67], [83]
Mythic law, nature of, [30]-[31]; resolution of materials of, into
their original elements, [47]; recapitulation of progress of science
of, [100]-[101]
'Mythological habit' (interpretation of myth by one method), denounced
by Mannhardt, [53]
Mythologie et les fables expliquées par l'histoire, La, Abbé
Banier's, [45]
Mythology, function of, [11]; and folklore contrasted, [12] et seq.;
definition of, [12] et seq.; chronological sketch of, [40] et
seq.; in the eighteenth century, [45]; symbolic method applied
to, [46]; comparative, [47]; comparative philology and, [47] et seq.;
philological school of, [47]-[51]; described by Müller as 'a disease
of language,' [48]; anthropological school of, [51]; meteorological
school of, [51]; Spencer's system of, [59]-[60]; takes the place of
dogma in early religion, [61]; exactitude essential to study of, [65];
'Covent Garden' school of, [75]; theory of non-religious nature of, [88];
growth of moral and ethical characteristics in, [114]-[115]
Mythology and Folklore, Cox's, [223]
Mythology of the Aryan Nations, Cox's, [50]
Myths, what they explain, [15]; ætiological or explanatory, [21], [58], [89];
animistic, [31]; bird, [31]-[32]; creation, [34]-[35]; connexion between
Old and New World, [36]; deluge or flood, [56]; resemblance between, not
necessarily borrowed, [37]; borrowing of, [37], [189]-[192]; characteristics
of primitive, [37]-[38]; sophisticated, [37]-[38]; method of gauging antiquity
of, [38]; process of interaction of, [38]; thunder and lightning, [51];
nature poetry in, [53]-[54]; solar, [36]; Lang on, [54]; Tylor's
general thesis regarding, [55]; secondary, [62], [90], [238]; diffusion of
identical, [70]; distribution of plots of, [70]; dissemination of, [70], [97];
details of, represented in ceremonies, [87]; comparative tables
of, [144]-[157]
N
NAGAS, Hindu mythical beings, [256]
Naman, Irish war-goddess, [296]
Namaquas, death myth of, [151]
Names, in myth, [57]-[58]; Spencer's theory of, [60]; Lang on philological
analysis of, [71]
Narcissus, [45]
Natural phenomena in myth, [43], [57]
Navaho Indians, creation myth of, [147]; fire-stealing myth of, [149];
after-life of, [213]
Neevougi, sacred stone of Inniskea, [27]
Neith, Egyptian goddess, [127]
Nemi, priest of, [76]
Neptune, [126]
Nergal, Babylonian god of Netherworld, [254], [288]
Nét, Celtic war-god, [295]
Newhaven, myth of Brounger current in, [26]
New System, or an Analysis of Ancient Mythology, Bryant's, [46]
New Zealanders, fire-stealing myth of, [149]; myth of death among, [151]
Nibelungs, the, [262]
Niflheim, [170], [197]
Nihongi, Japanese mythic book, [168], [260]
Ningphos (Bengal), taboo myth of, [150]; death myth of, [151]
Nirig, Assyrian war-god, [287]
Nokomis, Algonquin Indian Earth-Mother, [134]
Normandy peasantry, fire-stealing myth of, [149]
Nuada of the Silver Hand, Irish deity, [295]
Nusku, Babylonian god, [288]
Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, [165]
Nya, ruler of Slavonic Underworld,
O
OAK, 'animistic repository of thunder,' [94]
Odin, Norse god, [45]; as thunder-bird, [123]; as wind-god, [132];
in creation myth, [170]; as Wild Huntsman, [197]; sacrifices his
eye for draught of water, [226]; leads Æsir migration, [260];
in the Eddas, [261]; described, [292]
Odyssey, the, [257]-[259]
Ogma, Irish deity, [295]
Oki, Powhatan deity, [305]
Okulam, Chinook myth, [302]
Old Harry, spirit, [45]
Ops, Latin goddess of fertility or wealth, [134]
Oregon Indians, creation myth of,
Orestes, his myth etiological, [79]
Orinoco tribe, culture myth of, [150]
Orion, different conceptions of, [140]; constellations of, in South
American myth, [141]-[142]; Bakairi idea of, [182]
Orithyia, [95]
Ormuzd (Ahura Mazda), Persian creative deity, [169]
Orpheus, Reinach's, [85]
Osiride et Iside, Plutarch's, [246]
Osiris, [135], [218], [220], [246], [285]; myth of, built up, [39];
as corn-spirit, [113]-[114], [129]-[130]; his development, [113]-[114];
and dismemberment myth, [143]; as Creator, [164]
Otherworld, Celtic, [209]-[210]
P
PACARI TAMPU, Peruvian myth of, [16]
Pachacamac, Peruvian thunder-god, [16], [173]-[174]
Pallas Athene, [20]; according to Pragmatic, Psychic, and Stoic
schools, [43]; referred to by Milton, [278]; Brigit compared with, [296]
Pampas Indians, belief in after-life, [212]
Pan, myth of, [132]
P'an Ku, Chinese creative deity, [167]
Pantheons, causes which modified, [30]
Papagos Indians, creation myth of, [147]
Paradise, [195] et seq.
Paraguayans, culture myth of, [150]
Passes of Brazil, belief about earth of, [134]
Patagonians, belief in after-life, [212]
Pawnee Indians, dismemberment myth of, [146]; creation myth of, [147];
myth to account for customs or rites of, [157]
Payne, E. J., his History of the New World called America, [84]
Pehuenche Indians of South America,

[314]; whale-goddess of, [314]
Pentecost Islanders, dualistic myth of, [146]; death myth of, [151]
Pentheus, legend of, [243]
"Period of the Gods," a cycle of Japanese myths, [260]
Peroun, Slavonic god, [28]
Persephone, [114]; myth of, [129]-[130], [206], [288], [304]
Persians, dualistic myth of, [145]; creation myth of, [146]; flood
myth of, [153]; place of reward of, [153]
Personality, theory of—see Animism
Peruda, Tupi god of generation, [184]
Peruvian Indians, their name for Earth-Mother, [134]; belief in
destruction by fire among, [139]; myth of birth of gods among, [144];
creation myth of, [147]; their myth of origin of man, [148]; their
myth of origin of heroes, [149]; culture myth of, [150]; fire myth
of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]; place of punishment of, [154]; moon
myth of, [156]; star myth of, [156]
Peruvian myth, [16], [84]; sun-god in, [119]; Mama-cocha ('Mother Sea')
in, [125], [314]; Copacahuana (idol) in, [125]; creation myth, [173]-[174];
Paradise and Hell in, [212]
Pherecydes of Leros, his adjustment of myth to popular belief, [42]
Pherecydes of Syros, his treatise on myth, [41]-[42]
Philological school, the, [47]-[51]; its sub-schools, [50]; method of,
criticized by Lang, [71]
Picumnus, [134]
Picus, Latin deity, [32], [117]
Pillan, Araucanian deity, [308]-[309], [312]
Pilumnus, Latin rural deity, [134]
Pirrhua Manca, Peruvian sun-god, [16]
Place of punishment, [195] et seq.; myths of, classified, [154]
Place of reward, [195] et seq.; myths of, classified, [153]-[154]
Plant cults, [93]
Pleiades, different conceptions of, [140], [141], [142], [156]; Bakairi idea
of, [182]; Tupi-Guarani idea of, [184]
Plutarch, on Egyptian animal deities, [15]; his pragmatical explanation
of myth, [43]; his writings on Egyptian myth, [246]
Pluto, ruler of Greek Hades, [45], [206], [218]
Podarge, white-footed wind, [133]
Poetry, English, myth in, [275]-[281]
Polynesians, dismemberment myth of, [146]; myth of origin of man of, [148];
death myth of, [151] olyonymy, factor in formation of myth, [48]
Polytheism, definition of, [29]; strange gods readily adopted in a
state of, [34]
Pomona, Latin goddess of fruit-trees, [135]
Popol Vuh, Kiche mythic book, [172], [187], [190]; not influenced
by Biblical ideas, [188]-[189]; material of, [264]; creation story
in, [264]-[265]; importance of, [269]; English translation of, in
The Word by Guthrie, [270]
Porphyry on myth, [43]
Poseidon, Greek sea-god, [41], [126]; as brother of Pluto, [206]
'Powers,' Marett's definition of, [24]
Prajapati, Indian creative deity, [160]-[161]
Prehistoric Man, Wilson's, [306] n.
Priests, Araucanian, [312]
Primitive Culture, Tylor's, [55]-[58]
Primitive Marriage, McLennan's, [59]
Prince, Professor, [271]
Principles of Sociology, Spencer's, [59]
Prithivi, Hindu Earth-Mother, [289]
Procris, as dew, [50]
Prodicus, his interpretation of myth, [42]
Prolegomena zit einer wissenschäftlicher
Mythologie, Müller's, [46]
Prometheus, bird-form of, [123]; as fire-stealer, [140]; compared with
Loki, [293]
Prometheus Unbound, Shelley's poem, [276]
Proserpine and golden bough, [78], [80], [81]
Proteus, Gwydion compared with, [296]
Ptah, Egyptian creative god, [115], [165], [285]
Pueblo Indians, belief in destruction by fire, [139]
Punchau Inca, Inca sun-god, [309]
Purusha, Indian deity, [159]-[160]
Pyrrha, [178]
Q
QUEENSFERRY (Scotland), ceremony of Burry Man at, [135]-[137]
Quetzalcoatl, as agricultural god, [129]; in creation myth, [171]; as
Mexican wind-god, [264]-[299]
Qui-oki, Nottoway god, [305]
R
RA, Egyptian solar deity, [114], [115]; as creator in form of Khepera, [163];
chief of Egyptian heaven, [199]; described, [285]
Ragnorök, Norse day of doom, [261]
Raini, Mundruku creator, [183]
Ramayana, the, Hindu epic, [256] et seq.
Rama, [256]
Reinach, Salomon, his works, [84]-[85], [109]
Religion, definitions of, [14]; pre-animistic, [23]; sacred and frivolous
in, [67]; difference between myth and, [68]; primitive, two great types
of, [82]
Religion of the Semites, Robertson Smith's, [61], [83]
Religious sentiment, survival of, [70]
Researches into the Early History of Mankind, Tylor's, [55]
Revue de l'histoire des religions, Tiele's, [65]
Rex Nemorensis (King of the Wood), [79]
Rhadamanthus, one of the tribunal of the Greek Underworld, [206];
ruler of Elysian Fields, [207]
Rhea, wife of Cronus, [18], [134], [276], [277]
"Rígsmál," Norse mythic book, [262]
Rig-Veda, Indian sacred book, creation myth in, [159]-[160]
Rites, myths of, classified, [157]
Ritual, and myth, [89], [238] et seq.; movements, [239];
in folk-belief, [239]-[240]
River Chaco Indians of South America, creation myth of, [183]
Romans, their myth of origin of heroes, [149]; soul myth of, [152];
fire myth of, [152]; place of reward of, [153]; moon myth of, [156]
Round Table, King Arthur's, as the sun, [122]
Rudra, Hindu deity, [132], [291]; swallows universe, [163]
Rumanians, dismemberment myth of, [146]
Russians, dismemberment myth of, [146]
Rustem, as sun-hero, [122]
S
SABITU, Assyrian sea-goddess, [252], [254]
Sacred, idea of the, [33]; sacred stones, [27]
Sahagun, Father Bernardino, Spanish historian of Mexico, [263]-[264]
Samoyede fetishes, [104]-[105]
Satapatha Brahmana, Hindu sacred book, creation myth
in, [160] et seq.
Saturn, Milton on, [277]; Keats on, [276]-[277]
Savage and civilized myths compared, [71]-[72]
Savage and irrational element in myth, [15], [16], [45], [51]; Tiele
on, [65]; Lang on, [67]
Scandinavian creation myth, [170], [193]-[194]
Schelling, Friedrich, on myth and national development, [46]
Science, early, and myth, [20] et seq.
Science of Fairy Tales, Hartland's, [92]
Science of Language, Sayce's, [223]
Scotland, Faust legend variant in, [228]-[233]; fisher beliefs of, [234];
boat-language of fishers of, [235]; taboo of animal names in, [235];
May-time ceremonies in, [240] et seq.
Sea-gods, [125]
Secondary myth, [90]; frequently arises out of ritual, [238]
Serpent, horned, in American myth, [307]
Servius, his allegorical interpretation of the golden bough, [78]
Shaddai, or Shedi ('my demon'), early form of Yahweh, [74]
Shamans, of Chinooks, [303]-[304]
Shamash, Babylonian god, [250], [288]
Sheol, Hebrew Hades, [203]-[204]
Shesu-Heru, [198]
Shintoism in the Kojiki and Nihongi, [260]
Shropshire Folklore, Burne's, [226]
Shu, Egyptian god, [165]; birth of, [163]
Sidhe (fairy folk) in Irish myth, [295]
Siegfried, [122]
Sif, Norse goddess, wife of Thor, [294]
Sigfusson, Sæmund, Norse historian, [261]
Sigu, deity of Arawak Indians,
Sigurd, as sun-hero, [122]
Sin, Scandinavian deity, [123]
Sin, Babylonian moon-god, [288]
Sir John Rowll's Cursing, mythological allusions in, [44]-[45]
Sita, Hindu goddess, [256]
Siva, Hindu deity, [291]
Skasa-it (Robin) in myths of Chinook Indians, [302]
Skrymir, Norse giant, [45]
Sky, Egyptian ideas regarding, [165]
Sky-god, and Lang's 'All-Father' deities, [74] n.; European, [89];
Sky-Father, [133]
Slavonic place of the dead, [207]-[209]
Smith, Professor G. Elliot, theories of, [36]-[37]. [95]-[100]
Smith, William Robertson, his theories regarding myth, [61]-[64];
on the non-religious character of myth, [61]
Snorri Sturlason, Norse mythologist, [260]
Socrates, on the analysis of divine names, [42]
Solar myth, [36]; Lang on, [54]; its groundwork, [120]-[122]
'Solar' theory, its mythological merits, [120]
Solomon Islanders, death myth of, [151]
Soma, [256], [291]
"Song of Thrym, The," Norse mythic book, [262]
Soul, early beliefs about, [22] et seq.; conception of, [59];
conception of, not essential to idea of god, [72]; myths of,
classified, [151]-[152]; search for, among the Chinooks, [303]-[304];
belief regarding, among Araucanian Indians, [313]
South America, star myths of, [140]-[142]; creation myths of, [177]-[179]
Southern Cross (constellation), in South American myth, [141];
different conceptions of, [184]
Southern Indians, death myth of, [151]
Spencer, Herbert, his definition of religion, [14]; his system of
mythology, [59]; refutation of his theories by Lang, [60]
Spirit, Tylor on, [59], [102]; idea of, [102]-[104]; distinction between,
and god, [128]; idea of, connected with wind or breath, [298]
Staden, Hans, on Tupi-Guarani beliefs, [183]
Star myths, [140]-[142]; classified, [156]
Stars, personification of, [202]
Stratification of myth, theory of, [81]-[82]
Studies in Ancient History, McLennan's, [59]
Subterranean passage, legend of, [227]-[228]
Sun-gods, [118]-[122]; in Peru, [119]; later phases of, [119]; in Egyptian
mythology, [119]-[120]; animistic and anthropomorphic ideas of, [120];
myths classified, [155]; worship in Mexico, [299]-[300]; in America, [305]
Supernaturalism, Marett's definition of, [24]
Surya, Hindu deity, [289]
Susa-no-o, Japanese deity, [260]
Sym Skynar, [45]
Symbolik und Mythologie, Creuzer's, [46]
Synonymy, factor in formation of myth, [48]
T
TABOO, myths of, [143]; myths of, classified, [150]; of animal names
in Scotland, [235]
Tacullies, creation myth of, [147]
Taittiriya Brahmana, Hindu sacred book, creation myth in, [160]-[161]
Tales, children and 'mis-telling' of, [38]
Taliesin, ancient British bard, [296]
Talmud, the, [204]
Tamandare, Tupi-Guarani hero, [183]
Tammuz, Babylonian deity, [251], [288]
Tangoroa, in Polynesian dismemberment myth, [143]
Tapio, forest-god of Finns, [76]
Tartarus, region in the Greek Hades, [206]
Tawiscara, (Dark One), Huron evil deity, [27], [37], [191]
Taylor, Thomas, his translation of Pausanias, [46]
Tefnut, Egyptian goddess, [163]; birth of, [164]
Tempuleague, whale-goddess of the Pehuenche Indians, [314]
Tepeyollotl, Mexican god, [134]
Termagent or Tyr, Scandinavian deity, [43]
Test of recurrence in myth, [32], [47], [91]; definition of, [39]; Lang on, [71]
Tethra, lord of Celtic Underworld, [295]
Teutates, [294]
Teutonic mythology described, [292] et seq.
Teutons, dualistic myth of, [145]; creation myth of, [147]; culture myth
of, [150]; taboo myth of, [150]; fire myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153];
place of reward of, [153]; place of punishment of, [154]; creation
stories among, [170]; realm of woe of, [196]; Valhalla of, [197]; mythic
writings of, [260]-[262]
Texts, comparative lateness of most traditional, [91]
Tezcatlipoca, Mexican deity, [74], [115], [133], [171], [264]; as Lord of Night
Wind, [132], [297]-[298]
Theagenes of Rhegium, [15]; his criticism of myth, [41]
Theobiography, or life-history of gods, [63]
Thetis supplies Apollo with divine food, [121]
Thlinkeet Indians, thunder-god of, [123]; myth of birth of god of, [144];
beast myth of, [145]; dualistic myth of, [146]; fire-stealing myth
of, [149]
Thoms, W. J., his definition of folklore, [223]
Thor, Norse deity, [123], [124], [262], [293]-[294]
Thoth, Egyptian deity, [115], [127], [285]; commands creation, [165]
Threshold of Religion, Marett's, [23], [88]
Thunder and lightning, myths of, [51]
Thunder-gods, [122]-[124]; Andean ideas of, [122]; as birds, [123]-[124];
their lightning spears, [123]; connected with flint, [124];
with rain, [124]
Thunderer, supernatural being of Chinook Indians, [301]
Tiawath, Babylonian monster, [34]-[35], [166], [167], [283], [287]
Tiele, Cornelius Petrus, his position, [65]; on barbarous survivals, [65];
on the anthropological school, [65]-[66]
Tien or Shang-ti, Chinese creative deity, [167]
Time, reckoning of, anciently regarded as a science, [126]-[127]
Tinneh or Déné Indians (Hare-skins), beast myths of, [145]; creation
myth of, [147]; soul myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]
Titans, Keats on, [277]
Tlaloc, Mexican water-god, [171], [299], [309]; as ruler of terrestrial
Paradise, [196], [210]
Tlazolteotl, Mexican goddess, [115]
Tobacco, ceremonial use of, among American tribes, [312]
Toci, Mexican Earth-Mother, [299]
Todas Indians, myth to account for custom or rites of, [157]
Tohil, deity of Kiche Indians, [26], [268]
Tollan, ancient Mexican city, [264]
Toltecs, culture myth of, [150]
Tonacaciuatl, Aztec creative goddess, [211]
Tonacatecutli, Aztec creative deity, [211]
Tonga Islanders, place of reward of, [154]
Tootah, thunder-bird of Vancouver Islanders, [123]
Torquemada, writer on Mexican myth, [264]
Toru-guenket, Tupi moon and principle of evil, [184]
Toru-shom-pek, Tupi sun and principle of good, [184]
Totemism, definitions of, [28]-[29]; German ignorance of, [85]
Totems, British, [28]; examples of, in myth, [28]; allusion to, in
antiquity, [29]; Lafitau's interpretation of, [29]; Jevons on, [86];
development of, into gods, [108]-[110]; animal attributes of, [109];
distribution of, among tribal gods, [109]; manner of determining, [109];
causes which tend to humanize, [110]; various methods of fusion of,
with the god, [110]
Tradition, definition of, [11]; use of the term, [13] n.; comparative
lateness of written, [91]; unequal method of recording, [91];
interpretation of its testimony, [91]; evidence of age in, [91];
metamorphoses of, [91]
Transition from hunting to agricultural religion, [117]
Tree of Life, Crawley's, [14]
Tree-spirit, in cult of Arician grove, [76]; represented by
living person, [76]
Triduana, St, legend of, [224]-[227]
Trophonius, [121], [206]
Tsuki-yumi, Japanese moon-god, [168]
Tuatha de Danann (Children of Danu), Celtic deities, [220], [263], [294], [295]
et seq.
Tuonela, Finnish place of dead, [304]
Tupi-Guarani Indians, star myth of, [141]; dualistic myth of, [146]; fire
myth of, [152]; flood myth of, [153]; creation myth of, [183]-[186]
Tutivillus, a fiend, [44]
Two Brothers, Egyptian story of, [247]-[248]
Tylor, Sir E. B., definition of religion, [14]; his general thesis, [55]-[56];
on language and formation of myth, [56]-[57]; his animistic theory, [58]-[59]
Tyr, Norse deity equated with Jupiter and Zeus, [48]
Tzentals, creation myth of, [147]
Tzitzimime, Aztec demons, [211]
U

UAPÈS of Brazil, birth of gods myth of, [144], [191]-[192]
Uitzilopochtli, Mexican deity, [32], [264], [298]-[299]; evolved from
humming-bird, [32] n., [110]; evolved from bird totem, [117];
as lightning, [123]; serpent symbols of, [124]; sacrifices to, [198]
Ulmenes, lesser spirits of Araucanian Indians, [311]
Underworld, myths of, classified, [154]-[155]; man originates in, in
American myth, [181]-[182]
Undry, cauldron of Dagda, a Celtic deity, [295]
Unseen, fear of, [103]
Upsala Codex, the, of Younger Edda, [261]
Uranus, first monarch of Olympus, [18], [53], [283]
Ut-Napishtim, myth of, [252]-[253]
V
"VAFPRÚTHNISMÅL," the, Norse mythic book, [261]
Valhalla, Norse Heaven, [197]-[198]
Varuna, Hindu god, [53], [130], [256], [289]
Vasus, [256]
Vayu, Hindu deity, [256], [289]
Vedas, Hindu sacred books, [255]-[256]; savagery in, [20]
Veddah of Ceylon, fetishism among, [106]
Vedde-Yakko, Cingalese fetish of chase, [106]
Vedic Hindus, wind-god of, [132]; myth of birth of gods of, [144];
fire-stealing myth of, [149]; myth of place of reward of, [153]
Vegetation spirits, [79]; rites, [135]-[137]
Venus, [237]; as wife of Vulcan, [279]; allusions to, in poetry of
Swinburne, Lord de Tabley, and Ben Jonson, [280]-[281]; associated
with Ishtar, [288]
Vidhatri, Hindu god, [256]
Vine, sacred, [94]-[95]
Viracocha, Peruvian water-god, [16]
Virgil on the golden bough, [77]-[78]
Vishnu, Hindu deity, [256], [257], [290], [291]
Vishnu Purana, Hindu sacred book, creation myth in, [161]-[163]
Vivasvat, [256]
Volsungs, Teutonic mythical family, [262]
"Völuspá," the, Norse mythical book, [261]
Vukub-Cakix, 'the great Macaw' in Kiche myth, [172], [265] et seq.
Vulcan or Hephæstus, as god of fire, [131]; referred to by Milton and
Ben Jonson, [297]
W
WAÏNAMOÏNEN, Finnish deity, [304]
Wallum-Olum, mythic book of Lenapé Indians, [245]
Wampum Record, Algonquin book translated by Prince, [271]
Water, its connexion with moon, [127]
Wells, holy, [226]
Welsh Celts, mythic book of, [262]-[263]
West, as place of the dead, [219] and [313]
Westcar Papyrus, [246]-[247]
Western Isles, Martin's, [27]
Wind connected with spirit or life [298]; gods of, [132]-[133]
Wiradthuri tribes, [157]
Wizard, 'scoring' a, [28]
Women's rites, [243]-[244]
World, creation of, see Chapter VI, [158] et seq.
Wurm manuscript, of Younger Edda, [261]
X
XBALANQUE, hero-god of Kiche Indians, [265] et seq.
Xenophanes of Colophon, his criticism of myth, [40]-[41]
Xibalba, Hades of Kiches of Guatemala, [212]-[213], [266] et seq.;
ruled by secret society, [212]-[213]
Xilonen, Mexican maize-goddess, [299]
Ximenez, translator of Popol Vuh into Spanish, [187], [270]
Xiuhtecutli, Mexican fire-god, [131], [171]
Xmucane, [172]
Xolotl, Mexican god, [172]
Xpiyacoc, Kiche primeval deity, [172]
Y
YAHWEH, god of Hebrews, early form of, [74], [201]-[202]
Yama, [256]
Yesumaro, transcriber of Japanese myth, [259]
Yetl, thunder-bird (Athapascan), [123], [179]
Yibil, Babylonian fire-god, [131]
Ymir, Norse earth-giant, [170]
Ynglinga Saga, the, Norse mythic book, [261]
Yorkshire, soul myth in, [152]
Yuba Paik, deity of Choctaw Indians, [304]
Yurakare Indians, star myth of, [141]
Z
ZEALAND, creation of island of, [260]
Zephyrs, as west wind, [133]
Zeus, Greek deity, birth of, [18]; as principle of life, [41];
equation of, with Jupiter and Tyr, [48]; philological
school and his name, [48], [53], [289]; as woodpecker, [94];
oak the dwelling-place of, [94]; father of Apollo, as the
sky, [121], [305]; father of Hephæstus, [130]; casts him from
Olympus, [131]; transforms the Pleiades into doves, [142];
brother of Pluto, [206]; as portrayed by Homer, [258];
described, [283]
Zipacna, earth-giant in Kiche myth, [265] et seq.
Zootheism, [300],
Zulus, creation myth of, [147]; myth of origin of man of, [148];
culture myth of, [150]
Zuñi Indiana, dismemberment myth of, [146]; creation myths
of, [147], [183]; myth of origin of man of, [148]