Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria

by Lewis Spence

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[THE PRONUNCIATION OF ASSYRIAN]

Assyrian differs in many respects from the other Semitic languages. There are few gutturals, these having been mostly smoothed out. Thus 'Ba'l' became 'Bel,' and 'Hadad,' 'Adad.' On the other hand it is thought that the cuneiform inscriptions may have omitted guttural sounds. The cuneiform system of writing is so imperfect and complicated that we must make certain reservations in our acceptance of the transcriptions of contemporary Assyriologists, and it must therefore be understood that Assyrian names and words as we know them and as found in the present work and index may be yet greatly modified by future researches. Assyrian names as known to-day are pronounced according to analogy gleaned from the pronunciation of the other Semitic languages. Thus 'Shin'ar' is spelt with the Hebrew 'ain, (guttural a) in the Scriptures, and we are unaware whether the Scriptural author interpolated the guttural or not. Analogy in this instance is not nearly so valuable a guide as in the case of Egyptian, where we have in Coptic the modern form of the Egyptian language to guide us, nor is it at all likely that we shall ever know much more than we do concerning the pronunciation of a language the written symbols of which are so uncertain as regards their precise alphabetic values.

INDEX
A
Aa or Â. Consort of Shamash, [110]
ABED'NEGO. One of Daniel's companions, [38]
AB'RAM. Ur, city of, [15], [145], [249];
Nimrod and, [51]-[56];
Jewish legends re, [51], [52];
Persian traditions re, [52], [53];
another tradition re, preserved in the East, [53]-[56];
star Venus and, [55]
AB'U-HABB'AH. The ancient site of Sippar, [177]
ABYDENUS. Statement of, re Ea, [112]
ABYSS, THE. Paradise and, [82]
ACCA'D. Part of Nimrod's kingdom, [49]
ACHÆMENIDÆ. Cyaxares' son dethroned by, [333]
A'DAD. Equivalent, Hadad, [187]-[191]
A'DAD-EA. Ut-Napishtim's ferry-man, [172];
Gilgamesh consults, [172];
Ut-Napishtim, Gilgamesh and, [178]
A'DAD-NARARI IV. Son of Assur-Dan III, [308]
ADAM. The sons of, [232]
AD'APA. The South Wind and, story of, [116]-[121]
AD'AR. Sun-god of Nippur;
Hymn to, [68];
connected with the pig, [93], [294]
AD'NA. Wife of Azar;
according to an Eastern tradition the parents of Abram, [54]
AD-ÔNIS. Smyrna, mother of, reference to, [127];
myth of related to that of Tammuz, [131]
AEDORACHUS. Of Pantibiblon, reference to, [112]
ÆLIAN. Of Gilgamos (Gilgamesh);
grandson of Sokkaros, [157]
AF-AN-AS-I'EF. On vampires, [266]
AFRICA, [329];
Semitic religion in, [331]
A'HAB. King of Israel, overthrown by Shalmaneser II, [24]
A'HI-MI-TI. Sargon displaces Azuri by, [210]
AH'RI-MAN. Mazda and Sraosha overcome, [337]
AHURA MAZDA. Good principle of Zarathustra's religion, [334];
creator of the universe, [335]
A-I'BU. The serpent, [289]
AKK'AD. Kingdom founded by Semites, [16];
King Sargon of, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia, [16]
AKK-AD'IANS. Description of, [13]-[16];
language, [13], [14];
Babylonian Semites receive germs of culture from the, [14];
modern equivalent for the older, is the expression 'Sumerian,' [15];
stars studied by, [231]
AKK'U-LU (Eater). Attendant hound of Merodach, [202]
A-LAL'U. The eagle;
Ishtar and, [167]
ALEXANDER THE GREAT, [378]
'ALL'AH.' Modern Arabic name, [325]
ALL-A-TU. Equivalent, Eresh-ki-gal, mistress of Hades, [129];
realms of, [237]
Al-ô-nim. Descriptive term of Phœnicians for their gods, [327]
ALTAR-S. Of Dodo, and of Yahveh, [190], [191]
A'LU. Bull, sent by Anu against Gilgamesh, [168], [169]
AL'U-DEMON. The, [271], [277]
A-MAR'UDUK. The name Merodach, originally, [202]
AM'EN-HET'EP IV. King of Egypt;
letters to, unearthed at Tel-el-Amarna, [22]
AMORITE-S. Hadad, a god of the, [188];
deity, Dagon an, [352]
AN'A-TU. The consort of Anu, [123];
mother of Ishtar, [168]
ANCESTOR-WORSHIP. The Canaanites and, [326]
ANDRAE, Dr. A German explorer, [356]
ANIMALS. Babylonian gods having form of, [92], [93];
mythological monsters and, of Chaldea, [289]-[298];
the dog, [290]-[292];
the pig, [294]
ANIMISTIC. Babylonian religion typically, [317], [319]
AN-NE-DA'TUS. Appears from Eruthrean Sea, [112]
Ann'-u-na-ki, THE. Generic name for the gods of the earth, [82], [130];
spirits of earth, [90];
decree fate, [173];
torches carried by, [175]
AN'SAR. God;
birth of, [71];
Tiawath and, [76]
AN'SHAR. Variant of Asshur;
created with Kishar, [208];
Anu, Ea, and Merodach sent to destroy Tiawath, [208]
AN'U. God of the sky;
son of Ansar and Kisar, [72];
Ansar and, [76];
Merodach and, [79];
most ancient of Babylonian deities, [90];
held sway over Erech and Der, [94];
temple of, [102];
South Wind and, [117]-[121];
En-lil, Ea and, the universal triad, [121];
significance, [121]-[123];
Anatu, the consort of, [123];
Bau and, [144];
sacred bull sent against Gilgamesh by, [158];
father of Ishtar, [168];
Hadad worshipped with, at Asshur, [188];
the Tablets of Destiny and, [195];
in a triad with Ea and Bel, but more frequently in the texts apart from them, [197], [198];
Dagan and, [198];
in Assyria—in Babylon, [217];
invoked with Bel, [227];
the Pole Star, [236];
eclipses and, [255]
ANU'NIT. Lesser goddess, merged in conception of Ishtar, [124]
APH-RO-DI'TÉ. Ishtar and cult, of, [124];
Ishtar and, connected, [235]
APOCRYPHA. Legend of Bel and the Dragon in, [97]
APOLLO. Temple to, at Carthage, [330]
APOLLODORUS. Statement of, re Ea, [112]
Ap'su. The deep, or 'house of knowledge,' [72];
alternative, Zigarun;
mother of Ea, [72], [73], [74];
the primeval, [193]
AQUARIUS, SIGN OF. The deluge story and, [183]
ARABIA. Semites believed to have come from, [15], [16];
Naram-Sin penetrates, [17];
Semitic religion in, [331]
AR-AKH'TU. Nabopolasser and the channel called the, [368]
AR-A-LÛ.
1. The underworld, [125]; [128]-[131], [171].
2. Goddess;
variant, Eres-ki-gal;
Nergal and, [150]
AR-BE'LA. Ishtar's shrine in, [212];
battle of, [378]
ARCHÆOLOGY. Babylonian, [46], [47];
Chaldean, [339]-[366];
American interest in Babylonian, [356]-[366];
fashionable about the time of Nabonidus (556-539 B.C.), [363]
ARES. Greek god, [315]
AR'GO. Ea identified with a star in the constellation, [236]
ARK. The Babylonian, [174]-[178]
AR-TA'IOS. Median monarch;
Nannar confounded with, [146]
ARTEMIS. Reference to, [132]
ART-S. Babylonian;
gem-cutting, etc., [17];
Babylonian literature and, under Khammurabi the Great, [20];
all the, under Ea's patronage, [192]
A-RU'-RU. Goddess who aided the formation of man, [82], [86], [123];
creates a champion against Gilgamesh, [162]
AR'Y-AN. Race;
the Philistines of, [324]
AS-A'RI. Appellation of Merodach, [202];
may be compared with Asar (Osiris), [202]
ASH'DOD. Temple of Dagon at, [151];
Sargon's expedition against, [210], [211], [350]
ASH'TART or ISH'TAR. Worshipped in Carthage, [327], [330]
ASH'TER-OTH or AS-TAR'TE. Ishtar known to Canaanites, Phœnicians, and Greeks as, [124], [319], [326];
the Aphrodite of the Greeks, [131];
Phœnician god, [328]
ASHURBAN'APAL. See Assur-bani-pal.
A-SHU'SHU-NA'MIR. Created by Ea, [130]
ASIA. Submitted to Ninus, [25];
Tiglath-pileser III invested with sovereignty of, [30];
Belit and Asshur in pantheon of, [228]
ASIA MINOR. Greek colonies in, [235], [236];
peopled by diverse races, [324];
worship of Ashtart in, [328]
A'si-pû. The wizards, [260];
[273], [274]
AS'KE-LON. Temple of Ashtart (Ishtar) at, [327]
ASSH'UR.
1. City;
site of, explored by the German expedition of 1899, [47];
residence of god Asshur, [207];
Bel's temple in, [227].
2. God;
identified with Merodach, [94];
Ishtar, consort of, [125];
religion of Assyria centres in, [206]-[211];
etymology of name, [208];
variant, Anshar, [208];
mentioned in inscription of Samsi-Ramman, [208];
Sargon and the conquering power of, [210], [211];
Ishtar and, [214];
Bel-Merodach placed after, in the Assyrian Pantheon, [225], [377];
prisoner-gods and, [226];
Belit and, [227]
ASSUR-BAN'I-PAL. King of Assyria;
Greek equivalent, Sardanapalus, [32];
historic reality, [33];
death of, [33];
succeeded Esar-haddon, [34];
Samus-sum-yukin, brother of, [34];
his death, [35];
his library at Nineveh, [35], [46], [71], [261], [282], [346];
patron of literature, [154];
Sin and, [224];
Belit and, [227], [228];
capture of twenty gods of the Elamites by, [204];
tablets dealing with magic in library of, [261];
the five hounds of, [290], [291];
autobiography of, [301]-[306];
palace of, discovered by Rawlinson, [346];
fragment of history of, discovered by George Smith, [352];
tablets of, [354];
zikkurat of, [365]
ASS'UR-DAN III. The fatal eclipse and, [307]-[309]
ASSUR-NAZ'IR-PAL. Son of Tuk-ul-ti-in-Aristi, [23];
places Hadad-nadin-akhi on throne of Babylon, [23];
Ishtar and, [214];
Ninib, and, [214], [216];
Calah residence of, [215];
Shamash and, [223];
Sin and, [223];
sculptures glorifying, [343];
dedications of, unearthed, [351]
ASSUR-NAZ'IR-PAL III. King of Assyria, reference to his reign, [23]
ASS'UR-RI-SHI'-SHI'. Ninib and, [214]
ASS'UR-YU-BALL'IDH. The Kassite king of Babylonia marries daughter of, [22]
ASSYRIA-NS. Race origin, [12];
Hittite and Amorite elements intermingled with, [12], [13];
land boundaries, the Tigris and Euphrates, [12];
the Akkadians and, [13];
Tiglath-pileser, King of, [23];
Semiramis the Great, Queen of, [24]-[29];
Assur-bani-pal desired to make the centre of religious influence of the empire, [35];
Scythians penetrate into, [36];
Sin-sar-iskin, last King of, [36];
cuneiform writing of, [60]-[66];
religion, Semitic influence on, [91], [92];
the Pantheon of, [203]-[230];
religion of, centres in Asshur, [206];
greatness;
secret of, [208], [209];
Ishtar in, [211]-[214];
worship of Ramman in, [220];
Shammash's cult in, [222], [223];
Bel-Merodach and, [225];
cult of Nabu in, [228];
temples of, [242]-[251];
culture;
progenitors of, [250];
magic and demonology, [257]-[288];
belief in taboo, [278];
religions of Babylonia and, comparative value of, [313]-[337];
religion of Zoroaster supplanted that of ancient, [332];
ethics, [337], [338];
modern excavations in, [339]-[366];
empire, fall of, in 606 B.C., [377]
ASTROLOGY. Birthplace of, [231]
ATARATH. The arel (or altar) of Dodo carried from, [190]
ATARGA'TUS. God; Dagon worshipped as, [27]
ATARYAT'IS. Alternative, Derketo. Fish-goddess, legendary mother of Semiramis, [25]
ATHENAG'ORAS. Refers to worship of Semiramis, [27]
ATHENS. Piræus, port of, [328]
AT'TIS. A god akin to Adonis, [132]
AU'RA MA-I-NYU. Evil principle of Zarathustra's religion, [334]
A-VERR'-O-ES. Friend of Maimonides, [232]
AVESTA. Earliest form of Zoroaster's name in the, [333]
A'YA. The betrothed of Sham-ash, [166]
AZ'AR. One of Nimrod's guards; traditional father of Abram, [54]
AZ'TECS. Reverence of, for worship of Toltecs, [226], [227]
AZ-U-RI, King. Sargon displaces, by Ahimiti, [210]
B
BAAL. Sun-god;
Hadad the supreme, [189];
magic and, [258];
Phœnician god, [327];
Tanit alluded to as 'The Countenance of —,' [330]
'BA'AL.' Canaanitish god, [325];
term applied by Phœnicians, [327]
BAAL-AMM'ON or MO'LOCH. See Moloch
BA'AL-HAMM'AN. Phœnician god worshipped in Carthage, [327]
Ba'alim. Presiding spirits, [326];
of Tyre, the Phœnicians and, [327]
BA'BEL. The Tower of, [48];
Hebrew verb babal confused with word babel, [48];
story of Tower of, suggested by one of the towers of Babylon;
the beginning of Nimrod's kingdom was, [49]
BÂBIL. Mound and enclosure of [103], [347];
as a citadel, [368]
BA'BU. Esar-haddon, restorer of, [306]
BABYLON-IA-N. Racial origin, [12];
mother of astrology and magic, [12];
land boundaries, the Tigris and Euphrates, [12];
the Akkadians and, [13];
Semites—receive germs of culture from Akkadians, [14];
language, [14];
civilization, [14];
offshoot of culture of Eridu, [15];
first founders, [15];
Semite conquerors enter, [15], [16];
first great Semitic empire in, founded by Sargon of Akkad, [16];
Syria and Palestine welded with, by Sargon, [17];
kings, vicegerents of the gods, [17];
art; gem-cutting, etc., [17];
communication between island of Cyprus and, [18];
fall of 'First Dynasty of —', [21];
Burna-buryas, King of, [22];
Tukulti-in-Aristi takes, and slays King Bitilyasu, [22];
built by Semiramis, [26];
finally conquered by Tiglath-pileser III, [30];
surrender of, through starvation, [34];
literature; Assur-bani-pal and, [35];
Nebuchadrezzar leads Jews into captivity in, [37];
Kings; Nabonidus, last of, [40];
independence of, recovered after death of Darius, [41];
Persians conquer, [41];
destruction of, [41];
Seleucia built out of ruins of, [42];
archæology, [46], [47];
legend of confusion of tongues and towers of, [47];
E-Sagila, tower of, [47];
built by Nimrod, [50];
cuneiform writing of, [60]-[66];
cosmogony, [70]-[87];
religion, early, [88]-[153];
spirits and gods in ancient, [89]-[153];
religion, Semitic influence on, [91], [92];
religion, signs of totemism in, [92];
the Pantheon—Early, [94], [95];
Later, [184]-[198];
Nippur preferred to, [196];
the country of Bel, [225];
star-worship in, [231]-[238];
temples of, [242]-[251];
magic and demonology, [257]-[288];
belief in taboo, [278];
conquered by Shalmaneser I, [308];
religions of Assyria and, comparative value, [313]-[336], etc.;
captivity, [321];
religion, penetrated to Britain, [331];
the religion of Zoroaster supplanted that of ancient, [332];
ethics, [337], [338];
myth, compared with Hellenic and Scandinavian, [338];
moral code, [338];
modern excavations in, [339]-[366];
the, of Nebuchadrezzar II, [367];
water supply of, [368];
hanging gardens of, [371];
the elder, [375], [376];
national status of, regained, [377];
religion, decay of, [378], [379]
Bab-y-lon'ic-a. A work by Iamblichus, containing fragments of Babylonian history, [56];
reference to an epitome of the, by Photius, [56]
BANKS. Temples as, [250], [251]
BAPHOMET. Name of pagan idol, [293]
BARBARO, JOSAPHAT. Cuneiform writing and, [61]
BAR-SA'NES. King of Armenia, [25]
Barû. The seers, [260]
BAS'RA. Layard sends sculptures to, [344];
Ernest de Sarzec, French vice-consul at, [355]
BAS-RELIEF-S. Found in palace of Sennacherib at Kouyunjik, [345];
found in palace of Assur-bani-pal, [346]
BAU. Goddess;

mother of mankind, 'chief daughter of Anu,' [144], [145];
Zag-muku and, [251]
BE-DAD or BEN-DAD. The father of the Edomite Hadad, [190]
BE-EL'ZE-BUB. Magic and, [258]
BE-HIS-TÛN. Persian text at, [65]
BEL. Babylonian sun-god, [41];
the Dragon and [71];
Merodach and, [79], [194];
at Nippur, looked on as creator of man, [86];
ruled at Nippur (Niffur), [94];
earlier variant, En-lil;
description of, [95]-[97];
legend of the Dragon and, in the Apocrypha, [97];
worship of, at Babylon, [98];
King Cyrus and worship of, [98]-[101];
the temple of, [101]-[105];
discovery of Mr George Smith re temple of, [101];
Nebo, son of, [102];
father of Nirig, [153];
Ut-Napishtim and, [174], [176];
Gilgamesh resorts to, [180];
Tablets of Destiny and, [193]-[195];
Dagan and, [198], [216];
the Assyrians and the country of, [225];
Merodach usurped place of, [227];
the Pole Star (of equator), [236];
eclipses and, [255];
Bilé allied with, [317];
shrine to, of King Bur-Sin I, [364]
Bel, The Observations of. In library founded by Sargon, [18];
translated into Greek by Berossus, [18]
BEL'IT. A generic term given to Ishtar, [214], [227];
Anu's consort, [227];
figures as wife of Asshur, [227];
Tiglath-pileser I and, [227];
Assur-bani-pal and, [227]
BEL-KU'DUR-U'ZUR. The last of the old Assyrian line, killed by Hadad-nadin-akhi, [23]
BEL-MER'O-DACH. Babylonian god;
avenged by Cyrus, [41];
son of Ea and Dawkina, [73];
absorbed into the Assyrian pantheon, [225]
BE'LOS. See variant, Bel-Merodach, [73]
BEL-TE-SHAZZ'AR. Babylonian appellation for Daniel, [37]
BEL'TIS. Variant, Nin-lil;
the wife of En-lil, [101];
sanctuary of, at Girsu, [101];
name signified 'lady,' [101];
tablets and figures of, found by Dr Peters, [364]
BEL'US. Temple of;
mound of Bâbil identified with, [103];
delineations of animals preserved in temple of, [114];
variant, Dis, [114]
BEL-ZAK'IR-ISK'UN. Descendant of Assur-bani-pal, [306], [307]
BE-NA'NI. God;
husband of Melili, [82]
BE-NI'NI. King of the monsters, [295], [296]
BER-OSS'US.
1. Babylonian historian;
translates The Observations of Bel into Greek, [18];
narrative of, re creation of man, [81];
his statement re Ea copied by Alexander Polyhistor, etc., [112], [113];
quotes version of the deluge myth, [177], [178];
the hanging gardens of Babylon and, [371].
2. A priest of Bel at Babylon, [42];
'history' by, [42]-[45];
extracts from history of, preserved by Josephus and Eusebius, [42];
Sisuthrus and, [42];
his legend of Oannes, [42];
his account of the deluge, [42]-[44];
Daonus and, [127]
BILÉ. A Celtic deity, [317]
BINT-EL-AMIR. Hill of, [358], [361], [362], [365]
BIRD MESSENGERS. Ut-Napishtim sends out, [176]
BIRS NIMRÛD. Ruins of, [103]
BIT-ILI, THE. Sacred stones, [19]
BIT-IL-YA'SU. King of Babylon, slain by Tukulti-in-Aristi, [22]
BOMBAY. The Parsis of, [336]
BOR-SIP'PA. Site of Nebo's temple at, [103];
'The Stages of the Seven Spheres,' the wonder of, [104];
chief seat of Nebo's worship, [184]
BOTTA, M. Archæological researches at Nineveh, [46];
French Consul at Mosul;
his excavations in Mesopotamia, [339], [340]
BRITISH MUSEUM. Bricks in, containing Assur-bani-pal's researches, [35],
[71], [154], [155], [290];
obelisk of Shalmaneser II in, [343]
BULL. Sacred, slain by Gilgamesh and Eabani, [158];
Ramman's name the great, [220];
forms of Ea and Merodach, [290]
BULL, WINGED. Symbol of and En-lil, [97];
associated with Merodach, [289], [290]
BURMESE. Attitude of, to the dead, [269]
BUR'NA-BUR'YAS. King of Babylonia, [22]
BURNOUF. Cuneiform writing and, [63]
BUR-SIN. Repairs Urbau's zikkurat, [248];
shrine to Bel dedicated by, [364]
BYB'LUS. Journey of Isis to, [328];
Philo of, [328]
C
CA'LAH. Sennacherib takes nucleus of Assur-bani-pal's library from, [154];
residence of Asshur, [207];
Ninib's temple at, [215];
residence of Assur-nazir-pal, [215];
Sin's temple of, [223];
tower of, discovered by Layard, [346]
CALMET, ABBÉ. Disbelief of, in vampires, [266]
CAL'NEH. Part of Nimrod's kingdom, [49]
CAM-BY'SES. Son of Cyrus, [41]
CANAANITES, THE. First historic dwellers in Syria and Palestine, [324]-[326];
gods of, [325], [326];
ancestor-worship and, [326]
CANNING, SIR STRATFORD. Sir Henry Layard assisted by, in his excavations at Nimrûd, [340]
CAPRICORNUS, SIGN OF. Sea-goddess Sabitu and, [183]
CAPTIVITY, THE BABYLONIAN, [321]-[323]
CARAVAN. The story of the missing, [285]-[288]
CAR-CHE'MISH. Worship of Hadad extended from, to Edom, [189]
CARTHAGE. Dido, the presiding deity of, [190];
Ba'al-Hamman worshipped in, [327];
Tanith honoured at, [328];
Eshmun worshipped at, [328];
religion of Semites of, [329];
Dido, Queen of, [329];
Apollo's temple at, [330];
Mohammedanism at, [332]
CELTIC. Teutonic religion and, compared, [317];
deity; Bilé a, [317]
CE'RES. Reference to, [133]
CHAL'CHIS. Iamblichus a native of, [56]
CHALDEAN MYTHOLOGY. The sign Gemini, associated with the two forms
of the solar deity in, [182]
CHAL-DE'A-N-S. Birthplace of Abram, [52];
Nimrod, King of, [52];
star-gazers, [202];
difference between the faiths of the two great races of, [204];
astrologers, [231], [232];
speculations, [233]-[235];
magic, [258], [259];
belief in taboo, [278];
belief in superstitions, [280];
divination, [281];
excavations in, [339]
CHA'OS. Tiawath, [193]
CHARDIN, JOHN. Cuneiform writing and, [61]
CHE'MOSH. God of the Moabite king, Mesha, [190]
CHRISTIANITY. Initiated by Semitic race, [313];
Jewish influence upon, [320]
CHRO'NOS. Berossus substitutes for Ea in the version of the deluge myth quoted in his history, [177]
CHUS. The Æthiop;
equivalents, Cush, or Cash (a coloured race), [49];
father of Nimrod, [49]
CIRCLE, THE MAGIC. Chaldean sorcerers and, [275], [276]
CODE, MORAL. Of the Babylonians, [338]
COLOSSI. Gate of, [101];
example of art of which Ea was patron, [229]
COR-CY'RE-AN MOUNTAINS. Reference to, by Berossus, [44]
CORN-SPIRITS. The primitive, [139]
CORNWALL. Phœnicians in, [331]
COSMOGONY. Babylonian, [70]-[87];
Jastrow's opinion, [84];
type of, [84]-[87]
CREATION. Babylonian myth of, [70]-[87];
story of, in Genesis; myths found in Egyptian papyri; and that in the Popol Vuh, [70];
Seven Tablets of, [71];
of man, by Merodach, [80], [81];
legend; Apsu and Tiawath in, [193];
'Cuthæan legend of —,' [294]-[296];
common origin of Biblical and Babylonian accounts of, [323]
CTES'I-AS. His tale re Parsondes, [146]-[149];
reference to, [367]
CUNE-I-FORM TEXTS. Merodach and, [200]
CUNEIFORM WRITING. See Writing
CUSH, or CASH. See equivalent, Chus
CU'THAH. Temple of Nergal at, [82], [94], [105], [296]
CU-THÆ'AN LEGEND, THE. Of creation, [294]-[296]
CYAXARES. Scythian king of Ecbatana, [36];
son of, dethroned by Achæmenidæ, [333]
CYBE'LÉ. The mother-goddess, [132]
CYPRUS. Among the conquests of Sargon, [18];
communication between Babylonia and island of, [19];
worship of Ashtart at, [327]
CYRUS, KING. The worship of Bel and, [98]-[101]
CYRUS THE PERSIAN. Invasion of Babylonia by, [41];
the pretended avenger of Bel-Merodach, [41];
Cambyses, son of, [41];
conqueror of Babylon and saviour of Merodach's honour, [378]
D
DA'DA. Abbreviated form of Abd-Hadad;
resemblances between Hadad, Dido, Davad, and, 1[89]-[191];
Shalmaneser (II) speaks of, [189]
DAG'AN. Palestinian form of Dagon;
a fish-god, same as Oannes or Ea, [216], [217];
associated with Bel, [217];
Anu and, [198]
DAG'ON. God Atargatus worshipped under the name of, [27];
a fish-god, [151], [152];
an Amorite deity, [325]
DAM'AS. One of the two eunuchs appointed to watch Rhodanes and Sinonis, [57]
DAM-AS'CI-US. The last of the Neoplatonists, [72];
author of Doubts and Solutions of the First Principles, [73]
DAM-AS'CUS. Worship of Hadad at, under name of Rimmon, [189];
worship of Ramman in, [220]
DAM'KU. One of the lesser Babylonian gods, [229]
DAN'I-EL. Babylonian appellation, Belteshazzar, [37];
Nebuchadrezzar and, [37]-[40];
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego companions of, [38];
reference to a corrupted story of the deliverance of the three Hebrew princes recorded by, [53];
Book of, [97];
the worship of Bel and, [98]-[101]
DA'ON. The shepherd king of Pantibiblon, [112]
DA-O'NUS or DAOS. King of Babylonia, vide Berossus, [127]
DAR-I'US. Babylonia independence recovered after death of, [41];
defeated at Arbela, [378]
DA'VID. Resemblances between Hadad, Dáda, Dido, and, [189]-[191];
variants, Dod, Dodo, [190]
DAW-KI'NA. Belos (Bel-Merodach), the son of Ea, and, [73];
saved from the deluge, [115];
Ishtar identified with, [127], [137];
consort of Ea, [197]
DE MORGAN. Unearths monument of Naran-Sin at Susa, [17];
copy of Khammurabi's code found by, [21]
DE SAR'ZEC, ERNEST. French vice-consul at Basra;
diorite statues of Gudea (2700 B.C.) found by, [47];
excavations of, at Tellô, [355], [356];
Découvertes en Chaldée par, reference to, [356]
DEAD. The doctrine of ministering to, [181];
often left unburied in Babylonia, [269];
attitude of Burmese to, [269];
Canaanites and cult of the, [326];
Persians and their, [336];
Parsis and their, [336];
'House of the —,' at Nippur, [362]
DELLA VALLE, PIETRO. Cuneiform writing and, [61]
DELPHI. Worshippers of Apollo send offerings to, [330]
DELUGE, THE. Berossus' account of, [42]-[45];
reference to account of, in Gilgamesh Epic, [42];
analogies with Flood Myth, [45], [46];
Babylonian and Hebrew story of, have a common origin, [45], [323];
myth of, [112], [173]-[178];
refugees saved from—Ea, etc., [115]
DEMETER. Tanit compared with, [330]
DEMONOLOGY. Of Babylonia and Assyria, [257]-[288]
DEMONS. Many Babylonian gods evolved from, [268];
Babylonian, described, [276]-[278]
DESTINY. Mammetum, the maker of, [173];
Zu and the Tablets of, [193]-[195];
the Lia Fail, the Stone of, reference to, [248]
DEVIL-S. Possession by, [262]
DI-A'NA. Goddess, [235], [319]
DI-BARR'A. A variant of Nergal, [106];
a Babylonian deity placed in the Assyrian pantheon, [229]
DI'DO. Resemblances between Hadad, Dáda, David, and, [189]-[191];
Queen of Carthage, [329];
Tanit identified with, [331]
DIS. Variant of Belus, [114]
DIVINATION. Practice of, by Babylonians and Assyrians, [281]-[288];
Shamash, Hadad, and Rimmon, 'lords of —,' [283];
Phœnicians' belief in, [329]
DIVINITIES, TRIBAL. The most outstanding, [94]
DIVS. Arch-demons and demons, [334]
DOD or DODO. See David;
worship of, by the side of Yahveh, [190]
DOG-S. The, in Babylonia;
five hounds of Assur-bani-pal, [290], [291];
legend of a, [291], [292]
DRAGON, THE. Bel and, [71];
China and, [80];
in Egypt, it is the serpent Apep, [80];
in India, the serpent Vritra (Ahi), [80];
in Australia and in parts of N. America a great frog, [80];
Beowulf and, [80];
Faffnir and, [80];
legend of Bel and, in the Apocrypha, [97];
Merodach's, [186];
the, in Zoroaster's religion, [337]
DREAM-S. Nebuchadrezzar's, and Daniel, [37]-[40];
of Gyges, King of Lydia, [302], [303]
DU-MU-ZI. A contraction of Du-mu-zi-apsu;
name of Tammuz derived from, [126]
DUN'GI. Gudea vassal of the throne of, [19]
DYNASTY. 'The First, of Babylon,' [21];
a Kassite, founded by Kandis, [21];
the First, of Ur, [101];
Khumbaba, and an Elamite, [166];
reference to Kassite, [248];
the Hammurabi, [325];
the Seleucidæ and the Arsacidæ, [333]
E
E'A, OR O'AN-NES. The Babylonian god of light and wisdom, [14];
held sway at Eridu, [14];
legendary father of Semiramis, [25];
source of all things and, [72];
Apsu (Zigarun), mother of, [72];
variant, Nudimmud, [73];
Tiawath and, [76];
Merodach and, [79];
displaced politically by Merodach, [86], [199];
name of Jonah may be compared with that of, [87];
fish-form of, [93];
the God of the deep, [93];
Eridu, city of, [94];
temple of, [102];
the god of the waters and of the abyss, [111]-[116];
father of Merodach, [111], [191];
Greek name, Oannes, [111];
instructions tending to humanize mankind, [112], [113];
writings of, [113]-[116];
myth re creation of world and, [115];
variant, Nin-a-gal, [116];
variant, En-ki, [116];
Adapa, son of, [116];
Dagon (Dagan) same as, [151], [152], [216], [217];
Ut-Napishtim instructed by, [174], [176];
in later times, [191]-[193];
Dawkina, consort of, [197];
identified with a star in the constellation Argo, [236];
eclipses and, [255];
demons and name of, [263];
gazelles and, [292]
EA-BA'NI. Goddess Aruru and, [86];
temple maiden Ukhut and, [129], [163];
typifies primitive man in Gilgamesh epic, [155], [159], [160];
the monster Khumbaba and, [158];
slain by wrath of Ishtar, [158];
shade of, appears to Gilgamesh, [160];
a sort of satyr, [163];
the beguiling of, [163], [164];
Gilgamesh meets, [164]-[166];
death of, [170];
Gilgamesh laments, [179];
ghost of, designated utukku, [181]
EAGLE. Symbol of Kis, [294], [296];
Babylonian fable re the, [296]-[298]
EA-LUR. Goddess;
amalgamated with Zarpanitum, [186]
E-ANNA. Temple of, at Erech, [250]
E-ANNA-TUM. Shamash first mentioned in reign of, [109];
'stele of vultures' erected by, discovered by de Sarzec, [355]
EARTH. The Annunaki, the spirits of, [90];
-mother, worship of, [318], [319]
E-BABB'ARA. 'The shining house';
name of Shamash's sanctuary, [109], [249]
EC-BA-TA'NA. Cyaxares, the Scythian king of, [36]
ECLIPSE. Terror of, to Babylonians, [255], [256];

the fatal, in case of Assur-Dan III, [307]-[309]
E'DOM. Worship of Hadad extended from Carchemish to, [189]
E-GIG-UN-NÛ. 'House of the Tomb';
the temple-tower of Nippur, [362]
EGYPT. Semitic immigrants in, [15];
conquered by Semiramis, [26];
Esar-haddon wars with, [31];
Nebuchadrezzar invades, [37];
cult of Ishtar in, [124];
Semitic religion in, [331];
excavations in, [339]
E-KUR. The temple of, [248], [253];
temples of E-Sagila and, [249]
E'LAM-ITES. Northern Mesopotamia and, overcome by Sargon, [17];
yoke of, thrown off by Khammurabi, [20];
name of Khumbaba argues enmity between Babylon and, [166];
Assur-bani-pal and gods of the, [204];
votive object from, [248]
EL-BUGÂT. Feast of, [134]
EL-IS'SA. Dido confounded with, [190]
Elôhim. Term employed in Genesis, [327]
EN-KI. Variant of Ea, [116]
EN-LIL. The god, [14];
temple of, unearthed, [47];
Merodach and, [84];
earlier name of Bel, [95]-[97];
a god of vegetation, [96];
symbol of winged bull represents, [97];
word lil signifies a 'demon,' [97];
Beltis (Nin-lil), wife of, [101];
Hadad resembled, [188];
Ramman, son of, [221];
temple of E-Kur sacred to, [248]
EN-MASH'TI. Name of Ninib translated by Canaanites as, [326]
E'NOCH, BOOK OF. Quoted, [294]
E'NOS. Son of Seth, [232]
EPH'ES-US. Patroness of, and Diana, [235]
EP-I-PHA'NI-US. His allegations re Nimrod, [49]
ER'ECH. Part of Nimrod's kingdom, [49];
temple of, [82];
Dibarra plunders, [106]-[109];
centre of Ishtar's cult, [124];
Gilgamesh, prince of, [154];
temple of Ishtar at, [248]
ER'ESH-KI-GAL (Allatu). The mistress of Hades, [129]
ER-I-DU. Babylonian civilization grouped round, [14];
the home of Ea, or Oannes, the god of light and wisdom, [14];
Ur a near neighbour of, [15];
culture of, and Babylon, [15];
'magical' hymns emanated from, [68];
worshippers of Ea at, [72];
temple of Ea at, [111];
the deluge and, [116];
supremacy of, passes to Babylon, [199];
Merodach originated at, [200]
E-SAG-I'LA. Nabonidus and the priests of, [41];
Nebo's shrine, E-Zila, in temple of, [185];
name of Merodach's temple at Babylon, [200];
temples of E-Kur and, [249];
temple of, [250], [368], [374], [375]
E-SAGILA. Tower in Babylon, [47], [374], [375]
E'SAR-HAD'DON. Son of Sennacherib, [31];
Assur-bani-pal succeeded, as King of Assyria, [34];
Ishtar and, [212];
'the most likeable' of the Assyrian kings, [306], [307];
palace built by, unearthed by Layard, [343]
ESHMÛN. The god of force and healing, [328], [330]
ESHMUN-MEL'KARTH. Phœnician combination, [328]
ES'THER. Ishtar and, [124], [140]-[144];
Book of, why written, [141];
equivalent, Ishtar, [142];
Lang, on story of, [142], [143];
Xerxes and, [143];
variant, Hadassah, [143];
Dr Jastrow on Book of, [143]
ET-A'NA. The legend of, [195]
ETHICS. Babylonian and Assyrian, [337], [338]
ETHNOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES. Between the peoples of the northern and southern culture-groups, [203]
EUPHRATES,
1. River, [177], [368], [369];
2. Bridge, [375]
EUPH-RA'TES-TIG'RIS. Valley;
civilization of, influenced Semitic field, [92]
EU-SE'BI-US. Sanchuniathon, Philo, and, [329]
EXCAVATION-S. Modern, in Babylonia and Assyria, [339]-[366];
in Egypt, [339];
map relating to, in Babylonia and Assyria, [341];
at Nineveh by George Smith, [347]-[354];
at Kouyunjik by Rassam, [354], [355];
of de Sarzec at Tellô, [355], [356];
Babylonian Exploration Fund instituted in America, [356]-[366];
under control of the University of Pennsylvania, [360]-[366];
recent, by German Oriental Society, [367]-[377]
E-ZI'DA.
1. Temple of Nabu at, [250];
discovered by Rawlinson [346];
2. Great tower of Nabu, [375]
E-ZILA. 'The firm house'; Nebo's shrine in temple of E-Sagila, [185]
F
FABLE. A Babylonian, re the eagle, [296]-[298]
FATE-S. The great gods Annunaki decree, [173];
the Chamber of, [185], [252], [253]
FATHER-SKY. Of primitive mythologies, [196]
FEAST-S. The Jewish, of Purim, [140];
Babylonian, [251], [252]
FESTIVAL-S. Of Adonis, [135];
of the Sacæa or Zakmuk, [141];
New Year; Nebo and, [185];
Babylonian; Zag-muku, sacred to Bau, [251], [252];
Scottish-Celtic, of Beltane, [317].
FIELD. An expert Assyriologist, [358]
FIRE-GOD. Gibil, the, [225]
FIRE-WORSHIP. The central feature of Zoroastrian ritual, [335]
FISHER, MR. Architect in American exploration campaign, [360]
FLOOD. See Deluge.
FRA-VASH'I. Guardian spirit of the Persians, [336]
FRAZER, SIR JAMES. On the Greek way of representing Ashurbanapal (i.e. Sardanapalus), [32];
on the real and the mock Sardanapalus, [34];
Tammuz, and his Golden Bough, [134];
Ishtar and, [137];
feast of Purim and, [140];
on Vashti, [143]
FRESNEL. French exploration expedition and, [347]
G
GARDENS, HANGING. Of Babylon, [371]
GAR'MUS. King of Babylon;
romance of Sinonis and, [56]-[60];
Rhodanes and, [56]-[60]
GATHAS. The most ancient part of the Avesta, [333]
GA-TUM-DUG. Goddess; allied form of Bau, [145]
GA'ZA. Temple of Dagon at, [151]
GAZELLE. Goat and, gods, [292]-[294]
GEM'I-NI, SIGN. Gilgamesh and Eabani some relation to the, [182]
GENESIS, BOOK OF. Reference to, re Nimrod, [49];
creation story in, [70], [289];
Abbé Loisy and, [322], [323];
term elohim in, [327]
GERMANY. Goat-demon adored in, [293]
GHOSTS. Assyrian, [277], [278]
GI'BI. Prayer and the god, [68]
GIB'IL. The god of fire;
Nusku and, [225]
GILGAMESH. Hero;
Nimrod identified with, [50], [156];
epic; goddess Aruru figures in, [86];
prince of Erech, [154]-[183];
provisional name Gisdhubar, or Izdubar, [156];
Shamash and, [156];
birth of, related by Ælian, [156];
Rimatbelit, mother of, [158];
shade of Eabani appears to, [160];
Ishtar's love for, [167], [168];
mourning the loss of Eabani, [170];
his quest for the secret of perpetual life, [170]-[173];
his ancestor, Ut-Napishtim, [170];
Sin delivers, [170];
seeks from Ut-Napishtim the secret of perpetual life, [173]-[180];
Adad-Ea and, [178], [179]
GIL-GA'MESH EPIC, THE. Account of deluge in, reference to, [42];
one of the greatest literary productions of ancient Babylonia, [154]-[183];
Ishtar in, [213]
GIR'SU. Beltis' sanctuary at, [101]
GIS-DHU'BAR or IZDU'BAR. Gilgamesh's provisional name, [156]
GISH-ZI'DA. One of the guardians of the gates of heaven, [118]
GOATS. Gazelle and, gods, [292]-[294]
GOD-S. Ea, or Oannes, [14], [25], [72], [73], [76], [79], [86], [87], [93], [94], [102], [111]-[116], [216], [229];
En-lil, [14], [47], [84], [95]-[97], [101];
Babylonian kings the direct vice-regents of the, on earth, [17];
Babylonian, Merodach, [41], [47], [50], [68], [76]-[82], [81], [84], [86], [93], [94], [103], [106], [184]-[198], [199]-[202];
Bel, Babylonian sun-, [41], [196], [197];
the birth of the, [71]-[87];
Tiawath, Apsu, and Mummu, a trinity of, [74];
Horus, reference to, [75];
Kingu; Tiawath and, [75];
Merodach, the creator of the, [82];
Semites and, [89];
spirits and, in ancient Babylonia, [89]-[91];
Anu, most ancient of Babylonian, [90], [121]-[123], [197], [198], [217];
invoked by Assyrian kings, [90];
Kis, the sun-, [93], [294];
under animal forms, [92], [93];
the great, [93]-[153];
Sin, moon-, [94], [109], [128], [170], [325];
tribal divinities, [94];
pantheon that held sway prior to Khammurabi, [94], [95];
description of Bel, [96];
a trinity of (Bel, Ea, and Anu), [97];
Sibi, [108];
Shamash, the sun-, [41], [94], [109], [187], [222], [223], [325];
Nergal, [82], [94], [105], [106], [151], [180], [235], [326], [328], [329];
Adapa, [116]-[121];
Ishtar, [123]-[144];
Tammuz, sun-god of Eridu, [126]-[144];
Ishtar and Persephone, [131]-[135];
Nin-Girsu, [144];
Bau, [144];
Pap-sukal, messenger of the, [130];
Ga-tum-dug, [145];
Nannar, the moon-god of Ur, [145]-[149];
Dagon, a fish-, [151], [152], [216], [217], [325];
Nirig, or Enu-Res-tu, [153];
Gilgamesh, a sun-, [157];
Eabani, a sun-, [159];
Later Pantheon of Babylonia, [184]-[198];
Nebo, [184]-[186], [326];
Ramman, [187]-[189], [195], [217]-[222], [325];
Hadad or Adad, [187]-[191], [325];
Baal, a sun-, [189], [327], [328];
Dáda, Dido, Dodo, [189]-[191];
Zu, a storm-, [193]-[195];
Merodach originally a sun-, [199];
the great, of Assyria, [205]-[229];
Asshur, [94], [124], [206]-[211];
Nin-ib, war-god and hunter-, [214]-[216], [326];
the moon-, [94], [109], [128], [170], [180], [223], [224];
Nusku, [224], [225];
Gibil, the fire-, [225];
Bel-Merodach, [225];
prisoner-, [225], [226];
Belit alluded to as 'Mother of the Great —', [228];
procession of—see illustration, [230];
ideograph the same for 'star' and, [234];
planets identified with, [235];
Nabu and Merodach, [228];
Dibbarra, [229];
Damku and Sharru-Ilu, [229];
many Babylonian, evolved from demons, [268];
gazelle- and goat-, [292]-[294];
Hellenic departmental, [315];
departmental characteristics of the, of Babylonia and Assyria, [315], [316];
general equivalent, 'el,' used by Canaanites and Hebrews, [325], [326];
of light—Uru, [325];
of the Phœnicians, [327]-[329];
Resheph, a Canaanite, [326], [328];
Melkarth of Tyre, [327];
Ashtart, [326], [327], [330];
Eshmun, god of vital force, [328];
Moloch, [328];
Carthaginian Moloch, [330];
Patechus, a monster, [330];
Illat, [330];
Sakon, [330];
Tsaphon, [330];
of Babylon more dignified than those of the Greeks or Norsemen, [338];
the Twilight of the, [377]-[380]
GODDESS-ES. Ishtar, [28], [94], [101], [106], [107], [111], [123]-[144], [158], [165]-[168], [176], [211]-[214], [326];
'Ishtar' a generic designation for, [124];
Nanâ and Anunit, [124];
Samkhat — of joy, [131];
Cybele, the mother-, [132];
Bau, 'mother of Lagash,' [144], [145];
Ga-tum-dug, allied form of Bau, [14];
Azalu, [149]-[151];
Sabitu, a sea-, [172];
Ealur, amalgamated with Zarpanitum, [186];
Innana or Ninni, [187];
Dawkina, [197];
worship of great mother, [318], [319];
Tanith, [328];
Ashtart, [326], [327], [328];
Isis (Astarte), [328];
Tanit, the moon, [330];
Rabbat Umma, [330];
Tanit, [330]
GRAIN-GOD. Nebo as, [186]
GREECE. Cult of Ishtar in, [124]
GREEKS. Babylonia ruled over by, [378]
GROTEFEND, GEORG. Cuneiform writing and, [62]-[64]
GU-BARR'A. Prayer and god, [68]
GU-DE'A. A vassal of the throne of Dungi, [19];
high-priest of Lagash, [19];
his building and architectural ability, [19], [247];
diorite statues of, found by de Sarzec, [47];
Bau alluded to in ancient inscriptions of, [144];
worship of Innana by, [187];
Nin-girsu favourite of, [251];
hepatoscopy and, [283];
de Sarzec and, [355]
GU'LA. Consort of Ninib, [216]
GY'GES. King of Lydia;
Assur-bani-pal and, [302], [303];
George Smith's discoveries re, [352]
H
HABB'AC-UC. A prophet; sent to feed Daniel, [100]
HA'DAD or ADAD. Ramman or Rimmon identified with, [187]-[191];
resemblances between Dáda, Dido, David and, [189]-[191];
the supreme Baal, [189];
a Canaanitish god, [325]
HA'DAD-NA'DIN-AKHI. Placed on throne of Babylon by Assur-nazir-pal, [23];
kills the Assyrian monarch, Bel-kudur-uzur, [23]
HAD-ASS'AH. Variant of Esther, [143]
HA'DES. Descent of Ishtar into, [125], [126], [128]-[131];
Eresh-ki-gal (Allatu), mistress of, [129]
HAL'LA-BI. Innana's temple at, [187]
HAM'AN. The Book of Esther and, [141];
accepted identity with Humman or Homman, [142]
HAMMURABI. Dynasty, [325]
HAN'NI-BAL. Carthaginian hero, [330], [332];
Baal's name in, [330]
HA-O'MA. Deposited on the celestial mountain, [335]
HAR-AN'. Abram's youngest brother,

[52]
HAR' RAN. A centre of lunar adoration, [250], [283]
HAS'DRU-BAL. Carthaginian hero; Baal's name in, [330]
HAUG, DR. Translator of the Gāthās, [333]
HAYNES. Excavations of, at Nippur, [360]-[366]
HAYNES, MR J.H. Sent in 1889 to excavate at Nippur, [47]
HEAVEN. The Igigi the spirits of, [90]
HEBREW-S.
1. Symbol; the serpent the, for mischief, [285];
2. Religion; Babylonian influence upon, [321], [322]
HE-PAT-OS'CO-PY. Ritual and practice of, [282]-[288]
HER'AC-LES. Melkarth equated with, [328]
HER'CU-LES. Reference to, [87]
HER-O'DOT-US. Statements of, re Semiramis, [28];
account of, re temple of Bel, [101], [103];
marriage customs in Babylonia described by, [312];
reference to, [367], [374]
HEZ-EK-I AH. King of Judah, [30], [37];
Sennacherib's campaign against, [30];
praise of, sung by Byron in his Hebrew Melodies, [30]
HI-ER-A'POL-IS. Memorials of Semiramis preserved at, [27]
HILPRECHT, PROFESSOR. An expert Assyriologist, [345], [357], [360]-[363]
HINKS, REV. EDWARD. Language found at Persepolis deciphered by, [65]
HO'RUS. The Egyptian god of light; Tiawath reminds of, [75]
'HOUSE OF NO RETURN.' Equivalent, Hades, [126]
HUITZILOPOCHTLI (pron. Hweet-zil-o-potch-tlee). Reference to, [144]
HUR-AK-ÂN. The storm-god alluded to in the Popol Vuh, [97]
HYMN-S. To Adar, [68];
to Nebo, [69];
to Nusku, [69];
'magical,' emanated from Eridu, [68];
Akkadian, in which Tammuz is addressed, [126];
of Khammurabi, [219];
to Ramman, [220]
I
I-AM'BLI-CHUS. Author of a Babylonica, [56]
IDOLATRY. Legend re origin of, [232];
Laban's images, [266]-[268]
IG'I-GI, THE. Spirits of heaven, [90]
IK-SU'DA (Grasper). Attendant hound of Merodach, [202]
IL-A-BRAT. Minister of Anu, [117]
ILL'AT. Carthaginian deity, [330]
IL-TE'HU (Holder). Attendant hound of Merodach, [202]
IMAGE-S. Stars and, [233]
IM-GÛR-BEL. City of, [354]
'INCANTATION OF ERIDU.' The ceremony of the, [270]
INDIA-NS. Semiramis makes war on Strabrobates, King of, [26], [27];
followers of Zarathustra fled to; descendants, the Parsis of, [334];
Araucanian, of Chile, [336]
IN'ESH. The pilot of Eridu, [115]
IN'MAR-MA'ON. City of, [108]
INSCRIPTION-S. Of Shalmaneser I, [351];
of Tukulti-ninip, [351]
IR'KAL-LA. The abode of;
the house of darkness, [128], [169]
IR'NI-NA. A form of Ishtar, [165]
IS-AI'AH. Jerusalem described by, [191];
reference to Sargon's expedition against Ashdod mentioned by, [350]
ISH'NU, Ura's counsellor, [269]
ISH'TAR. Goddess;
fame of Semiramis mingled with that of the, [28];
goddess of Nineveh, [94], [212];
court of Zamama and, [101];
witnesses plunder of Erech by Dibarra, [106], [107];
both male and female, [111];
significance, [123]-[144];
generic designation for goddess, [124];
equivalents, Ashteroth or Astarte, [124], [327];
cult of Aphrodite began in that of, [124];
Esther and, [124], [140]-[144];
identified with Venus, [124], [235];
identified with Nin-lil, [124];
the consort of Asshur, [125];
descent into Hades of, [125]-[126];
war-goddess, [127], [213], [214];
consort of Tammuz, [127];
consort of Merodach and Assur, [127];
identified with Dawkina, [137];
a goddess of vegetation, [137], [138];
slays Eabani, [158];
Ir-nina a form of, [165];
love of, for Gilgamesh, [167], [168];
Anu father of, [168];
Anatu mother of, [168];
Lady of 'the Gods,' [176];
Assyrians and, [211]-[214];
Assur-nazir-pal and, [214];
confusion between Belit and, [228];
Aphrodite and, connected, [235];
sixth month sacred to, [236];
temple of E-anna dedicated to, [250];
magic and, [258];
variant, Ashtart, [326], [327], [330];
great gate of, discovered by Dr Koldewey, [372]
ISH'UM. Attendant of Dibarra, [106]-[108]
I'SIS. Osiris and, [133];
journey to, as Astarte, [328]
ISRAELITES. Worship of Dodo, or Dod, by the side of Yahveh, by the, [190]
I'YAR. The second month, sacred to Ea, [236]
IZ-DU'BAR or GISDHUBAR. Provisional name of Gilgamesh, [156]
J
JA'COB. Laban and, [267]
JE-HO'IA-KIM. King of Jerusalem; Nebuchadrezzar puts to death, [37]
JE'HU. Son of Omri (sic);
obelisk of Shalmaneser and, [343]
JEN'SEN. View of, re Hamon, [142], [143];
explanation of, re Ninib, [216]
JERUSALEM. Reference to deliverance of, from Sennacherib, [30];
King Nebuchadrezzar wars against, [37];
Isaiah describes, [191]
JEW-S. Nebuchadrezzar leads into captivity, [37];
feast of Purim and, [140];
Mordecai name of a real, [143]
JEWISH. Religion;
Babylonian influence on, [319]-[329]
JO'NAH. Story of, and supposed allusion to Babylonian cosmology, [86];
Tiawath and the 'fish' of, [87]
JOP'PA. Place, [86]
JUDAISM. Initiated by the Semitic race, [313]
JU'PIT-ER. The planet;
represented Merodach, [202], [235];
controlled stars under name Nibir, [235];
the 'Planet of the Bull of Light,' [290]
K
KAA'BA (Temple). The celebrated, at Mecca, [52]
KAN'DIS. A Kassite dynasty founded by, [21]
Kas'sa-pu or Kas'sap-tu. Names by which the wizard and the witch were known, [261]
KASS'ITE. Dynasty;
founded by Kandis, [21];
King of Babylonia marries daughter of Assur-yuballidh of Assyria, [22];
dynasty, reference to, [248];
rulers and temple at Nippur, [248];
votive objects found by Dr Peters, [358], [359], [364], [365]
KHAM-MUR-A'BI THE GREAT.
Most famous name in Babylonian history, [20];
art and literature blossomed under care of, [20];
is to be regarded as the Babylonian Alfred, [21];
pantheon that held sway prior to, [94];
worship of Merodach and, [184];
Nebo, Tashmit, and, [186];
Shamash and, [187];
goddess Innana or Ninni and, [187];
age of, fertile in writers, [192];
Hymn of—Ramman and Shamash appealed to in, [219];
builder of sanctuaries, [247];
city of, discovered, [376]
KHARSAG-KURKURA. 'Mountain of the World,' [362]
KHI-KHI. Mountain of, [108]
KHOR'SA-BAD. City;
residence of Asshur, [207];
M. Botta and mounds of, [339];
Victor Place's work at, [340]
KHUM'BA-BA. Monster, overcome by Gilgamesh and Eabani, [158], [160], [166], [167]
KHUR'SAG KUR'KUR-A. The birthplace of the gods, [242]
KID'MU-RU. Ishtar's shrine in, [212]
KING, PROFESSOR, [371], [376]
KING-S. Of Babylonia and Assyria—Sargon of Akkad, [16]-[21], [47], [210], [211], [340], [350], [352];
'of the Four Zones'—Naram-Sin, [17];
of Ur—Dungi, [19];
of Lagash—Gudea, [19];
of Babylonia—Khammurabi the Great, [20], [21], [109];
of Babylonia (Kassite dynasty)—Kandis, [21];
of Egypt—Amen-hetep IV, [22];
of Babylonia—Burna-buryas, [22];
of Assyria—Shalmaneser I, [22], [351];
of Assyria—Tukulti-in-Aristi, [22];
of Babylon—Bitilyasu, [22];
of Babylon—Hadad-nadin-akhi, [23];
of Assyria—Bel-kudur-uzur, [23];
of Assyria—Tiglath-pileser I, [23], [346];
of Assyria—Assur-nazir-pal III, [23], [214]-[216], [223], [343], [351];
of Assyria—Shalmaneser II, [24], [343], [351];
of Israel—Ahab, [24];
of Assyria—Samsi-Rammon, [24];
of Assyria—Ninus, [25];
of Armenia—Barsanes, [25];
of India—Strabrobates, [26];
'of the World, etc., etc.'—Semiramis, [29];
of Assyria—Tiglath-pileser III, [29];
of Assyria—Shalmaneser IV, [30];
of Judah—Hezekiah, [30], [37];
of Assyria—Sennacherib, [30];
of Assyria—Esar-haddon, [31], [306], [307], [343], [350];
of Assyria—Assur-bani-pal (Sardanapalus), [31], [32], [301]-[306], [346];
of Assyria—Ashurbanapal, [33];
of Assyria—Sin-sar-iskin, [36];
of Ecbatana—Cyaxares, [36];
of Babylonia—Nebuchadrezzar II, [36]-[40], [47], [104];
of Babylonia—Nabonidus, [40], [249];
Cyrus the Persian, [41];
of Babylon—Cambyses, [41];
Alexander the Great, [42];
of Chaldea—Nimrod, [52];
Rammannirari I, [90];
of Persia—Cyrus, [98];
Daon, the shepherd, of Pantibiblon, [112];
of Persia—Xerxes, [141];
of Babylonia—Sokkaros, [157];
of Babylonia—Mili-Shikhu, [187];
the Moabite—Mesha, [190];
of Ashdod—Azuri, [210], [211];
of Babylonia, and soothsayers, [260];
tales of Babylonian and Assyrian, [299]-[312];
Nabu-Usabi, King of Sarrapanu, [300];
Gyges, King of Lydia, [302];
Tiglath-pileser II, [299]-[301];
of Assyria—Assur-Dan III, [308];
of Assyria—Adad-Narari IV, [308];
a royal 'day,' [309]-[312];
of Assyria—Ur-Gur, [359], [366];
of Assyria—Ur-Ninib, [366]
KIN'GU. God;
'only husband' of Tiawath, [75];
bound by Merodach, [78];
son of Tiawath, [194]
KIS. The Babylonian sun-god, [93], [294]
KI'SAR. God; birth of, [71]
KOLDEWEY, DR. German explorer, [356], [367];
great gate of Ishtar discovered by, [372];
temple of E-Sagila and, [374], [375]
Kosmologie. Jensen's, [216]
KOU-YUN-JIK. M. Botta and mound of, [339];
Layard's searches in mound of, [344], [345];
George Smith's excavations at, [351];
Rassam's excavations at, [354], [355]
KUK-UL-CAN. Reference to the god, [224]
L
LAB'AN. Jacob and, [267]
LAB'AR-TU. The hag-demon, [271], [277]
LADY OF THE GODS. Ishtar the, [176]
LAG'ASH. The modern Tel-lo, earliest Semite monuments come from, [16];
the priests of became kings, [16];
Gudea high-priest of, [19], [355];
Bau 'mother of,' [145]
LA'HA-MÉ. God; birth of, [71]
LAH'MU. God; birth of, [71]
LAM-AS'SU. A spirit of similar type to the Sedu, [277]
LAMENTATION-S. For Tammuz, [135], [136], [140];
Rituals, [253]-[255]
LANGUAGE. The Akkadian, [13], [14];
Babylonian priesthood preserved old Akkadian tongue as a sacred, [14];
Sumerians borrowed from rich Semitic tongue, [15];
cuneiform writing, [60]-[66], see Writing;
Median, [65];
Susian, [65];
Assyrian, [65];
Longpérier's translation of Assyrian, [66];
of Babylonia and Assyria, compared, [205]
LAR'SA. Shamash worshipped at, [109];
Khammurabi's improvements at, [187]
LA'YARD, Sir HENRY. Assur-bani-pal's library at Nineveh and, [35], [46];
archæological researches at Nineveh, [46], [155], [344], [346];
researches of, at Nimrûd, [340], [342]-[344], [346]
LEGEND-S. Jewish, re Abram and Nimrod, [51];
Persian, re Abram and Nimrod, [52], [53];
the creation, [193]-[195];
of Etana, [195];
of the origin of star-worship, [232]-[3];
the, of Ura, [268]-[270];
of a dog, [291], [292];
'Cuthæan, of creation,' [294]-[6]
LENORMANT. Hebrew and Assyrian poetry and, [322]
LEO, SIGN OF. Recalls the slaying of Khumbaba, [182]
LETTER-S. Franked by clay seals bearing name of Sargon, [18]
LEVI, ELIPHAS. The Baphomet goat and, [293]
LIA FAIL, THE. The Stone of Destiny; reference to, [248]
LIBRARY. Assur-bani-pal's, [35], [46], [71], [261], [282], [346];
the temple in 'Tablet Hill,' [363]
LIGHT. Merodach and Tiawath, and the primal strife between darkness and, [79]
LITERATURE. Babylonian art and, under Khammurabi the Great, [20];
Assur-bani-pal and Babylonian, [35];
sacred, of Babylonia, [67]-[69]
LIVER-READING. By priests, [281]-[283]
LOFTUS, WILLIAM KENNET. Successor of Mr Hormuzd Rassam, [346], [347]
LO'KI. God of fire; Nergal not unlike, [106]
LU'GAL-BAN'DA. Storm-bird god; like Prometheus, [93]
LU'GAL-ZUG-GI'SI. King of Erech; famous text of, found by Hilprecht, [366]
M
MAAT. Reference to, [222]
MAGI. Confounded by Zoroaster, [333]
MAGICAL TEXTS. Dawkina alluded to in the, [197];
Anu mentioned in, [198];
of Babylonia and Assyria, [257], [288];
alluded to in Bible, [266], [267];
circle, the, [275], [276]
MAGICIAN-S. The word of power and, [263];
Ea, the great, of the gods, [268]
MAHOMET-AN. 'Baphomet' a corruption of, [293];
conquest, [333]
MAI-MON'I-DES. Jewish rabbi, friend of Averroes;
his commentary on the Mischnah, [232]
'MAK'LU.' A series of texts known as, [261]
Mam'it. Equivalent for taboo, [278]
MAM-MET'UM. The maker of destiny, [173]
MAN-KIND. Creation of, by Merodach, [80], [81];
goddess Aruru assists in the creation of, [82], [86];
humanizing of, [112], [113]
MARAZION. Signifies in Semitic, 'Hill by the Sea,' [331]
MAR-CHESH-UAN. Merodach's month, [251]
MAR'DUK. See Merodach, [175], [200]
MARRIAGE. Customs in Babylonia, [312]
MARS. Identified with Nergal, [235]
MAS'HU. The Mountain of Sunset, [171]
MAZ'DA. One of the spiritual powers in Zoroaster's religion, [337]
MEC'CA. Reference to the celebrated Kaaba (temple) at, [52]
MEDE. Zoroaster a, [333]
ME'DI-A. Subdued by Ninus, [25]
MEDICINE. Ea, a god of, [192]
MEG-ID'DO. The Canaanitish fortress of, [189]
ME-LI'LI
1. Queen; wife of Benani, [82];
2. Mother of the monsters, [295], [296]
MEL'I-SHIP'OK II. Houses found dating from period of, [376]
MELK ('KING'). Variant of Moloch, [328]
MEL'KARTH. Phœnician god of Tyre, [327], [328];
worship of, in Carthage, [330]
MEL'KARTH-RESH'EF. Phœnician combination, [328]
MEM-AN-GAB. Leader of the monsters, [295], [296]
MEM'PHIS. Assyrians enter, [31]
MEN'KES MOUND, [376]
MER-AG-A'GA. Variant of Merodach, [202]
MER'CURY. Identified with Nabu, [235]
MER'OC. Yaran flees to, [210], [211]
MER'O-DACH. Babylonian god,

[41];
temple of, [47], [374];
Nimrod identified with, [50];
prayer and god, [68];
Tiawath and, [76]-[82];
creates man, [81];
the central figure of a popular myth, [84];
god Ea displaced by, [86], [199];
may have been a bull-god, [93];
worshipped at Babylon, [94];
Asshur identified with, [94];
Nebuchadrezzar and, [104];
Diabarra and, [106];
the name Mordecai a form of, [142];
great festival of, the Zakmuk, [141];
worship of, first prominent in days of Khammurabi, [184]-[198];
association with Nebo, [184]-[186];
the Chamber of Fates in temple of, [185];
Zarpanitum, wife of, [186], [202];
supremacy of, [192];
variant Marduk, [194], [200];
Shamash and, [200];
variants, Amaruduk, Asari, Saragagam, and Mer-agaga, [202];
attendant hounds of, [202];
usurped place of Bel, [227];
Bel paired with, [228];
Jupiter, identified with, [235];
eighth month ruled over by, [237];
month Marcheshuan belonged to, [251];
eclipses and, [256];
demons and the name of, [263];
four dogs of, [291];
head of the Babylonian Pantheon, [377];
Nabonidus, [377]
MER'O-DACH-BAL-A-DAN I. Houses found dating from period of, [376]
MESH'A. The Moabite king; Chemosh, god of, [190]
MESH'ACH. One of Daniel's companions, [38]
MES-O-POT-A'MI-A. Elam and Northern —, overcome by Sargon, [17];
Semitic religion in, [331];
excavations in, [339], ff.;
George Smith dispatched to, [351];
recent research in, [366]-[376]
MEXICO. Reference to religious system of ancient, [204];
reference to temples, on, [243]
MIC'AH. Reference to his teraphim, [268]
MIDDLE AGES. The Sabbatic goat of the witchcraft of the, [293]
MI-LI-SHIK'HU. Babylonian monarch; Shamash and, [187]
Misch'nah. Commentary on the, [232]
MITANI. Provinces of, conquered by Shalmaneser I, [308]
MITH'RA. Rashnu and, [337]
MIT-RA-PHER'NES. Artaios' eunuch, [149]
MOFFLAINES. Wood of, [293]
MOHAMMEDANISM. Initiated by the Semitic race, [313], [332]
MOLOCH. Magic and, [258];
worship of, in Phœnicia, [328];
worship of, in Carthage, as Baal-ammon, [330];
children sacrificed to, [331]
MOMMU TI-A-WATH. The primeval ocean, [71]. See Moumis
MONSTER-S. Mythological animals and, of Chaldea, [289]-[298];
the dog, [290], [291];
invasion of the, [294]-[296];
Patechus, [330]
MONTH-S. Titles of, by Babylonians, [236]-[238]
MOON. Babylonian religion and, [236];
city; Ur, the, [249], [250];
Abram, probably a moon-worshipper, [249];
eclipses and the, [256]
MOON-DEITIES. Osiris, [138];
Aphrodite, [138];
Proserpine, [138];
Phœnician Ashtoreth, [138];
Nannar, moon-god of Ur, [145]-[149];
Sin, [94], [109], [128], [170], [223], [224], [250];
Tanit, [330]
MOR'DE-CA-I. The Book of Esther and, [141];
a form of Marduk or Merodach, [142]
MOSÛL. M. Botta French Consul at, [339];
Layard's researches at, [340]-[344]
MOTHER-EARTH. Of primitive mythologies, [197]
MOTHER-GODDESS. Theory, [318], [319];
compounded of various types, [326]
'MOTHER OF THE GREAT GODS,' Belit alluded to as, [228]
MOU'MIS or MUM'MU. Son of Tiawath and Apsu, [73];
name at one time given to Tiawath, [73]
MOUNTAIN. Of the Sunset, Gilgamesh journeys to, [158], [159], [171];
of the Sunrise, [253];
of the Earth, [305];
of the Wind, [362];
of the World, [362]
MUL-LIL. The 'gazelle god' of Nippur, [292]
MU-RASH'U AND SONS. Bankers and brokers at Nippur, [366]
MU'RO. Worship of Ramman originated at, [220]
MEYER, JOSEPH A. An American architect who assisted Haynes at Nippur, [365]
MYRRH. Used at the Adonia festival, [136];
-tree and Adonis, [137]
MYTH-S. Of Sardanapalus, reference to, [32];
analogies with Flood-, [45];
North American Indian, reference to, [46], [122];
Algonquin, reference to, [46];
Babylonian, of creation, [70]-[87];
confusing, connected with Ea, [112];
of deluge, [111], [173]-[178];
of Merodach and Tiawath, reference to, [78], [114], [199];
Mexican, reference to, [115];
Greek, reference to, [122], [315];
of Tammuz, [126]-[129];
Tammuz and Ishtar, groundwork of those of Greece and Rome, [131];
of Adonis, [131]-[133];
Egyptian, re quest of Isis, [133];
Tammuz-Ishtar, [135];
various strata underlying the Gilgamesh, [159], [160];
of the slaughter of Tiawath, [201];
of Persephone and of Osiris, [201];
a toothache-, [262], [263];
Phœnician, little known re, [328];
Indo-Germanic, reminiscences in Zarathustra's religion, [334];
character of Babylonian, compared with that of Hellenic and Scandinavian, [338]
N
NA-BO-NI'DES. Archæology fashionable in time of, [363]
NABONIDOS. See Nabonidus, [364]
NA-BO-NI'DUS. The last of the Babylonian kings, [40], [110], [283];
displaced by Cyrus, [41];
cults of Merodach, Nabu, and Shamash, and, [377]
NAB'O-POL-AS'SER. Reference to inscriptions of, [368];
father of Nebuchadrezzar, [369], [370];
Euphrates bridge, work of, [375];
god Merodach and, [377]
NAB'U, [175];
Nusku and, connected, [225];
Merodach and, paired, [228];
Bel paired with, [228];
Ramman-Nirari and, [228];
called by Sargon 'the Seer who guides the gods,' [228];
Mercury and, [235];
tenth month sacred to, [237];
tower of, [375];
Nebuchadrezzar and, [377];
Nabonidus and, [377]
NAB'U-BALIDDIN. Shamash's temple restored by, [249]
NABU-QUA'TI-ZA'BAT. Assur-bani-pal and, [304]
NAB'U-USA'BI, King. Crucified by Tiglath-pileser II, [300]
NA-BÛ-ZÈR-LÎ-SHIR. Scribe, [363]
NAM'TAR. The plague-demon, [129]
NANÂ. Merged in conception of Ishtar, [124];
Assur-bani-pal and, [304]
NAN'NAR. The moon-god of Ur, [145]-[149]
NANN'AR-OS. Satrap of Babylon, [146]-[149]
NANN'A-RU. The new moon, established by Merodach, [79]
NA'RAM-SIN. Son of Sargon; title, 'King of the Four Zones,' [17], [19];
Nabonidus and, [41];
bricks discovered with name of, on, [47];
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' [247];
omens and, [283];
'mould' of an inscribed stone belonging to Sargon I in palace of, [363]
NE'BO. Hymn to, [69];
son of Bel, [102];
shrine sacred to, [102];
Tashnit, wife of, [102], [185], [186];
association with Merodach, [184]-[186];
chief seat, Borsippa, [184], [326];
as grain-god, [186];
the altars of Yahveh dragged from, [190];
temple of, [306], [346], [348]
NEB'ROD. See Nimrod
NE-BICH-AD-REZ'ZAR I. Ramman and, [219]
NEBUCHADREZZAR II (or NEBUCHADNEZZAR). King of Babylonia, reign of, [36]-[40];
invades Egypt, [37];
wars against Jerusalem, [37];
puts Jehoiakim to death, [37];
sets up Zedekiah as King of Jerusalem, [37];
Daniel and, [37]-[40];
his dreams, [37]-[40];
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and, [38];
ruins of palace of, explored in 1899, [47];
Sir H. C. Rawlinson's discovery re, [104];
Shamash's temple restored by, [249];
Dr Andrae's discovery re, [356];
Merodach and, [377]
NEBUCHADREZZAR III. King of Babylonia, [41]
NEM'ART. See Nimrod
NER'GAL. Temple of, at Cuthah, [82], [296];
of Cuthah, [94];
patron god of Cuthah, [105];
not unlike Loki, [106];
Dibarra, variant of, [106];
Aralu and, [150], [151];
shade of Eabani, and, [180];
Mars and, [235];
Canaanitish war-god, [326];
worshipped by Phœnicians, [328]
NEW YEAR. Assembly of gods at Babylon on first day of, [201];
Merodach and, [201];
Bau and, [251];
Gudea and, [251]
NI-BI'RU, Merodach's star, [79]
NIM'ROD. The mighty hunter, [49]-[56];
son of Chus, the Æthiop, [49];
a reputed descendant of Ham, [49];
figures in Biblical and Babylonian tradition, [49];
built Babylon, [50];
Greek named Nebrod or Nebros, [50];
identified with Merodach, Gilgamesh, and Orion, [50];
name found in Egyptian documents of XXII Dynasty as 'Nemart,' [50];
derivation of name may mean 'rebel,' [50];
legends of, related by Philo in his De Gigantibus, [50];
Abram and, [51]-[56];
King of Chaldea, [52];
suggested identity with Gilgamesh, [156]
NIM'RÛD. Sir Henry Layard's excavations at, [340], [342]-[344];
Rassam's searches at, [344];
George Smith's searches at, [348]-[354]
NIN-A-GAL. Variant of Ea, [116]
NIN'EV-EH. Built by Sennacherib, [31];
Assur-bani-pal's library at, [35], [71], [154], [346];
archæological researches of Layard and Botta at, [46];
George Smith's labours at, [46];
Mr Hormuzd Rassam's work at, [47];
built by Asshur, [49];
tablet written for temple of Nergal discovered at, [82];
residence of Asshur, [207];
Ishtar's shrine in, [212];
M. Botta and site of, [339], [340];
Layard and, [344];
plan of, [357]
NIN-GIR'SU. Name means 'Lord of Girsu,' [144];
known as Shulgur ('Lord of the corn heaps'), [144];
identified with Tammuz, [144];
variant, Ninib, [214], [216];
favourite of Gudea, [251];
temple of, [283]
NIN'IB, [84], [175];
a war-god, [214];
variant of, Nin-girsu, [214], [216];
Tiglath-pileser I, Assur-rishishi, Assur-nazir-pal, and, [214];
as hunter-god, [216];
extolled by Tiglath-pileser I, [216];
invoked by Assur-nazir-pal, [216];
Gula, consort of, [216];
Saturn and, [235];
translated as En-Mashti by Canaanites, [326]
NIN-IGI-NAG'IR-SIR. Saved with Ea, etc., from deluge, [115]
NIN-LIL. Variant of Beltis, [101];
consort of En-lil; Ishtar and, [124]
NIN'NI. Variant of Innana, [187]
NIN'SUM. Gilgamesh resorts to, [180]
NI'NUS. King of Assyria, [25];
Semiramis, wife of, [25];
Ninyas, son of, [26]
NIN'YAS. Son of Ninus; during minority of, Semiramis assumed
the regency, [26]
NIPPUR. Babylonian civilization grouped round, [14];
god En-lil and, [14];
city of Ur colonized by, [15];
Mr Haynes' excavations at, [47], [359], [360], [365], [366];
temple of, [82];
cosmological tales at, [84];
of Sumerian origin, [96];
preferred to Babylon, [196];
lamentation ritual at, [199], [200];
temple of E-Kur at, [248];
business quarter of, unearthed, [359], [360];
stage-tower of, [361];
temple-tower of, [362]
NIR'IG. God; variant, Enu-Restu; Bel, father of, [153]
NIZ'AN. First month; sacred to Anu and Bel, [236]
NO'AH. Patriarch, reference to, [45];
legend of deluge and Ea, [115];
variant, Ut-Napishtim, [116]
NO-RETURN. Land of, [128]
NU-DIM-MUD. Variant of name of Ea, [73];
Tiawath and, [76]
NUMBERS. Assigned to each of the gods, [237], [238]
NUS'KU. The messenger of Mul-lil, [68];
hymn to, [69];
temple of, [102];
of the 'Brilliant Sceptre,' [224], [225];
Nabu and, connected, [225];
eclipses and, [255]
O
O-AN'NES. See Ea, [14]
OBELISK. Of Shalmaneser II, [343]
O-DA'CON. Appears from sea of Eruthra, [112]
OMEN-S. Library of Sargon contained book dealing with, [18];
divination by, [281], [282]
O-MOR'CA. Chaldaic equivalent, Thalath; Greek, thalassa, [114]
ON'NES. One of Ninus' generals, husband of Semiramis, [25]
OPPERT. French exploration expedition and, [347]
O-RI'ON. Nimrod identified with, [50]
O-SI'RIS. Isis and, reference to, [133];
reference to, [201], [228]
'O-ZY-MAN'DI-AS.' Shelley's sonnet on, [307]
P
PAINTINGS. Discovered in Sennacherib's palace at Kouyunjik, [345]
PALACE-S. Built at Nineveh by Sargon; M. Botta unearths, [340];
Assyrian, two discovered at Nimrûd, [340];
built by Esar-haddon, unearthed by Layard, [343];
of Sennacherib, found by Layard, [345];
Assur-bani-pal's, discovered by Rawlinson, [346];
of Nimrûd, George Smith's excavations in, [348], [349];
Nebuchadrezzar's, excavated, [369]-[371]
PALESTINE. Syria and, invaded by Sargon, [17];
worship of Hadad in, [188];
the Canaanites first dwellers in, [324]
PALL'AS A-THÊ-NÉ. Reference to, [222], [315]
PAN'THE-ON, ASSUR-BANI-PAL'S. Belit and Asshur in, [228]
PANTHEON OF ASSYRIA, [203]-[230];
differences between the Babylonian and, [203], [204];
Dagon in, associated with Anu, [216], [217];
Bel-Merodach absorbed in the, [225];
Ea in the, [229];
Dibbarra, in the, [229]
PANTHEON OF BABYLONIA.
1. Early. Prior to Khammurabi, [94], [95].
2. Later. General changes in and additions to, [184]-[198];
Bel's place usurped in the, by Merodach, [227];
spiritistic nature of, [318]
PAP-SUK'AL. The messenger of the gods, [130]
PARADISE. The Abyss and, [82]
PAR'SÎS. Of Bombay, [334]
PAR-SON'DES. Ctesias' tale re, [146]-[149]
PAT-E'CHUS. God; a repulsive monster, [330]
PATRIARCH, THE. See Abram
PER-SEPH'O-NÉ or PROS'ER-PINE. Reference to, [132], [201];
corresponds to Allatu, [132]
PER-SE'POLIS. Reference to, [61];
language found at, deciphered by Löwenstern and Hinks, [65];
Longpérier translated language found at, [66]
PER'SE-US. Reference to, [87]
PERSIAN-S. Signs in connexion with cuneiform writing, [60]-[66];
religion of (Zoroaster's), [332]-[336], etc.;
fear of defilement, [335]
PETERS, DR. Director of American expeditions, [358], [359], [364], [365]
PHIL-IS'T'I-A. Sargon's expedition against, [210], [211]
PHŒ-NIC'I-A. Worship of Moloch in, [328]
PHŒNICIAN-S. The Gods of the, [326]-[329];
religion; Egyptian influence, [328]

PICTURE-WRITING. Cuneiform and, [66]. See Writing
PIR-Æ'US. Port of Athens, [328]
PIS'CES, SIGN OF. Eabani and, [183]
PLACE, VICTOR. Botta's work at Khorsabad, continued by, [340]
PLANET-S. Identified with gods, [235]
PLUTARCH. Isis (Astarte) and, [328]
PLU'TO. Reference to, [133]
POETRY. Assyrian, [321], [322]
POLGARTH. Phœnician word 'city' and, [331]
POL-Y-HIS'TOR, ALEXANDER. God Ea and, [112], [113]
POLYTHEISM. Semitic, [313]
Pop'ol Vuh. Reference to, [97], [151]
POS-EI'DON. Greek god, [315]
PRAYER-S. To the sun-god, etc., [67], [68]
PRIEST-S. Akkadian tongue preserved by Babylonian, [14];
those of Lagash became kings, [16];
high, of Asshur, took title of king, [21], [208];
sole mythographers, [191];
-hood, cult and temples, [239]-[241];
wizards and, [260];
-magician; the chamber of the, [270]-[275];
liver-reading by, [282];
of Thebes, Memphis, and On, [314];
of Nippur and Erech, [314]
PRIESTESSES. In Babylonia, [240], [241]
PRIEST-HOOD. See Priests
PRISONER-GODS. Assyrian rulers and, [225], [226]
PRO-ME'THE-US. Lugalbanda and, [93];
Zu and, [195]
PSALMS, BOOK OF THE. National, not individual, [320];
Poetical form of, [322]
PU'NIC. Religion, [330]
PURIFICATION, [270];
by water, in connexion with Babylonian magic, [270]
PÛRIM. Feast of, [140], [141]
Q
QAL'AT SHER'QAT. Annals of Tiglath-pileser I discovered by Rawlinson, [346];
Dr Andrae's excavations at, [356]
R
RA. Worship of, in Egypt, [223]
RAB'BAT UM'MA. 'The Great Mother,' [330]
RAB-I'SU. A lurking demon, [276], [277]
RACES. Asia Minor peopled with diverse, [324]
RACHEL. The stolen images and, [266]-[268]
RACH'MET. Reference to, [61]
RAM'MAN, [175]; equivalent, Rimmon;
identified with Hadad or Adad, [187]-[189];
the Tablets of Destiny and, [195];
popularity and functions, [217]-[222];
weapons of, [218];
worship of, in days of Khammurabi and Nebuchadrezzar I, [219];
Assur-nazir-pal and, [219];
Attributes and signification, [218]-[222];
eleventh month sacred to, [237]
RAM'MAN-NIR-A'RI I. The Annunaki and Igigi and, [90]
RAM'MAN-NI-RA'RI III. Nabu exalted at expense of Asshur by, [228]
RASH'NU. Mithra and, [337]
RASS'AM, MR HOR'MUZD. Assur-bani-pal's library at Nineveh and, [35];
his archæological researches at Nineveh and at Abu-habba, [47];
stone tablet found at Sippard by, [292];
researches at Nimrûd, [342], [344]. [346], [354]. [355]
RAWLINSON, MAJOR (SIR) HENRY. Cuneiform writing and, [64]-[66];
his discovery re Nebuchadrezzar, [104];
Layard and, [342], [344], [345], [346]
RED INDIANS. Titles of months and, [236]
REINACH. Reference to, [334]
RELIGION-S. Akkadian tongue used as a sacred language by Babylonian priesthood, [14];
early Babylonian, [88]-[153];
Jewish, [88];
of ancient Mexico, [88];
Vedic, of India, [88];
Semitic influence on Babylonian, [91], [92];
official system of Babylonian and Assyrian, [92];
Semitic, Euphrates-Tigris influence on, [92];
totemism in Babylonian, [92];
system of, in Babylonia, overshadowed by Merodach, [199];
Jastrow's Religion in Babylonia and Assyria quoted, [199], [212];
star-worship, the origin of, [237];
of the Semites quoted, [91], [241], [332];
cult of the gods, [292];
comparative value of the, of Babylonia and Assyria, [313]-[336] and on;
Teutonic and Celtic, comparisons, [316];
Babylonian, typically animistic, [317], [318];
worship of great earth-mother, [318], [319];
Jewish, [319]-[329];
Canaanite, [324]-[326];
Carthaginian, [329];
Semitic, [329], [331];
Punic, [330];
Mohammedanism, [313], [332];
of the Persians (Zoroaster), [332]-[337];
of Babylonians, [338];
decay of Babylonian, [378], [379]
RESH'EPH. Known to the Canaanites, [326];
the lightning god; origin; identified with Apollo, [328]
RHO-DA'NES. Romance of Sinonis and, [56]-[60]
RIM'AT-BEL'IT. Mother of Gilgamesh, [158];
interprets Gilgamesh's dream, [164]
RIM'MON. See Rammon
RITUAL. Lamentation at Nippur, [199], [200];
of hepatoscopy, [283]-[288];
Zoroastrian fire worship central feature of, [335]
S
SABBATIC GOAT. Witchcraft of Middle Ages and the, [293]
SAB-I'TU. The sea-goddess; Gilgamesh and, [172];
sign Capricornus and, [183]
SAC'A. One of the two eunuchs appointed to watch Rhodanes and Sinonis, [57]
SAC-Æ'A. The Asiatic equivalent of the Saturnalia, [33];
Festival of Zakmuk, or, [141]
SACRIFICE-S. Babylonian, [241], [242]
SADI-RAB'U-MA-TA'TI. The great mountain of the earth, [305]
SAG'GAL. Temple of Merodach, [305]
SAK'ON. Carthaginian deity, [330]
SAM-AS-SUM-YU'KIN. Viceroy of Babylonia, [34];
raises revolt in Assyrian empire, [34];
his death, [34]
SAM'KHAT. Goddess of joy, [131]
SAM-MUR'A-MUT. Assyrian title of Semiramis. See Semiramis
SAM'SI-A'DAD IV. Rawlinson discovers stele of, [346]
SAM'SI-RAM'MON. Son of Shalmaneser II;
succeeds his father as King of Assyria, [24];
Sammuramat favourite of, [24];
Asshur mentioned in inscription of, [208]
SANCH-UN-I-A'THON. Philo and, preserved in works of Eusebius, [329]
SAOSHYANT. The saviour, in Zoroaster's religion, [337]
SAR-AG-AG'AM. Variants of Merodach, [202]
SAR-A'KOS. Greek equivalent for Sin-sarkin, [36]
SAR-DA-NA-PAL'US THE SPLENDID. Assur-bani-pal known to Greek legend as, [31];
King of Assyria, [31];
reference to, in The Golden Bough, [32];
Sir James Frazer on, [32], [34];
prominent features in legends of, [33];
weaving of legend of, [34]
SAR'GON.
I. Of Akkad, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia, [16];
a Babylonian Arthur, [16], [21];
the legend of his birth, [16], [17];
invasions of Syria and Palestine, [17];
Elam and N. Mesopotamia overcome by, [17];
Naram-Sin son of, [17], [19];
letters franked by clay seals bearing name of Sargon, [18];
first founder of Babylonian library, [18];
bricks discovered with name of, on, [47];
Asshur's conquering power and, [210], [211];
King Azuri and, [210];
Ahimiti and, [210];
Yaran and, [210];
Sin and, [223];
Bel and, [227];
Nabu termed 'that Seer who guides the gods,' [228];
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' [247];
hepatoscopy and, [283];
palace built by, unearthed at Nineveh, [340];
George Smith finds fragments of history of, [352].
II. Usurping general, claimed descent from Sargon the Great, [30];
father of Sennacherib, [30]
SAR'RA-PAN-U. Tiglath-pileser II captures, [299]
SASS-AN'I-AN. Rulers, [333]
SAT'URN. Identified with Ninib, [235]
SAUL-MU-GI'NA. Rebellious brother of Assur-bani-pal, [304]
SCHRADER. Assyrian poetry and, [321], [322]
SCIENCE. Star-worship the origin of, [237];
the roots of, [259]
SCILLY ISLANDS. Phœnicians in, [331]
SCOR'PIO, SIGN OF. Gilgamesh and, [182]
SCOTLAND. Goat-demon adored in, [293]
SCULPTURE-S. Discovery of, glorifying Assur-nazir-pal, [343];
Babylonian, discovered by de Sarzec, [355]
SCYTHIAN-S. Penetrate into Assyria, [36]
SED'U. A guardian (sometimes an evil) spirit invoked with the Lamassu, [277]
SEL-EU'CI-A. City, built out of ruins of Babylon, [42]
SEM-IR'A-MIS THE GREAT. Assyrian Queen, [24]-[29];
legendary origin, [25];
wife of Onnes, and later of Ninus, [26];
Ninyas son of, [26];
engages in battle Strabrobates, King of India, [27];
fame of, [28], [29];
Sammuramat, her Assyrian title, [29];
wife of Samsi-Rammon, [29];
mythical connexion with Ishtar, [29];
worshipped by the Syrians, [27];
esteemed as the daughter of Dercatus, [27];
district round Lake Van called after, Shamiramagerd, [28]
SEMITES. Germs of culture received from Akkadians by Babylonian, [13];
their love of wisdom, [14], [15];
Babylon entered by, [15], [16];
believed to have come from Arabia, [15], [16];
made by the code of Khammurabi, [21];
ancient, and gods, [89];
serpent loathed by, [289];
animistic influences; appeal of, to, [318]
SEMITIC. Empire, first great, founded in Babylonia by Sargon of Akkad, [16];
religious thought, [235];
worship and, lamentations, [253];
polytheism, [313];
conservatism, [316];
cults; Babylonian influence upon, [324];
religion, [329], [331];
peoples; a 'peculiar people,' [332];
faith, includes various manifestations, [332]
SEN-NACH'E-RIB. Son of usurping general Sargon, [30];
campaign of, against Hezekiah, [30];
Nineveh built by, [30];
Esar-haddon son of, [31];
takes nucleus of Assur-bani-pal's library from Calah, [154];
soothsayers and his death, [260];
Layard's discoveries in palace of, [345]
SERPENT. The ancients and the, [289];
equivalent, Aibu ('the enemy'), [289]
SET. Osiris and, reference to, [133]
SET-A'PO. A wealthy Babylonian who harbours Sinonis, [59]
'SEVEN SPHERES, THE STAGES OF.' A building, the wonder of Borsippa, [104]
SEVEN TABLETS. Of creation; primary object of, [71]
SHAD'RACH. One of Daniel's companions, [38]
SHAL-MA-NE'SER I. King of Assyria, [22], [308];
Tukulti-in-Aristi, son of, [22];
Nusku and, [224];
inscription of, unearthed by George Smith, [351]
SHAL-MA-NE'SER II. King of Assyria in succession to Assur-nazir-pal III, [24];
Overthrows Ahab, King of Israel, [24];
Samsi-Rammon son of, [24];
the god Dáda and, [189];
Merodach (Bel) and, [225], [227];
discovery of obelisk of, [343];
dedications of, unearthed, [351]
SHAL-MA-NE'SER IV. Successor of Tiglath-pileser III, [30]
SHAM'ASH.
1. Temple of, at Sippar, restored by Nabonidus, [41];
adored at Sippar, [94];
the sun-god, [109]-[111];
son of Sin, [109];
Aa, consort of, [110];
Ishtar and, [130];
Gilgamesh and, [156], [165];
Khammurabi and, [187];
Zu captured by, [195];
Merodach and, [200];
cult of, in Assyria, [222], [223];
seventh month sacred to, [236];
a Canaanitish god, [325];
Nabonidus and, [377].
2. The great idol of, [249]
SHAR'RU-ILU. One of the lesser Babylonian gods, [229]
SHATT-EN-NÎL. Excavations along bank of, by Haynes, [365]
SHE'BA, QUEEN OF. Tiglath-pileser II quarrels with, [301]
SHEPHERD. The sun the, of the stars, [236];
En-lil, of the dark-headed people, [254]
SHEPHERD KING, THE. Daon, of Pantibiblon, [112]
SHI'NAR, PLAIN OF. Babylon built on, [52]
SHUL-GUR. Variant of Nin-Girsu, [144]
SHU-RIPP'AK.
1. Son of Ubara-Tutu, [173].
2. City of, [177], [178]
SHU'TU. Variant of South Wind, [117]
SI'BI. The god, [108]
SICILY. Worship of Ashtart (Ishtar) at, [327]
SID'DA. The temple, [306]
SI'DON. Tyre and, in touch with Assyria, [327];
Ashtart or Ishtar, temple of, in, [327];
Eshmun worshipped at, [328]
SIGN-S. Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Taurus, Scorpio, [182];
Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, [183]
SILENCE, TOWERS OF. Parsis' dead and the, [336]
SIN (perhaps pron. Siñ). The moon-god, [94], [223], [224];
Ruled at Ur, [94];
Shamash son of, [109];
Ishtar daughter of, [128];
Gilgamesh delivered by, [170];
Gilgamesh resorts to, [180];
eclipses and god, [256];
a Canaanitish god, [325]
SIN-A-IT'IC PENINSULA. Semitic religion in, [331]
SI-NO'NIS. Romance of Garmus and, [56]-[60]
SIN-SAR-IS'KIN. Last King of Assyria, [36];
the Sarakos of the Greeks, [36]
SIN-SHAR-ISH'KUN. The last representative of the Assyrian dynasty, [364]
SIP'PAR. Shamash worshipped at, [109];
Aa worshipped at, [110];
Abu-Habbah, the ancient site of, [177];
Berossus substitutes, for Shurippak, [178];
Khammurabi's improvements at, [187];
Shamash's temple at, [249]
SIP'PA-RA. Temple of sun-god, Mr Rassam discovers, [47], [292]
SIS-U'THRUS. The Flood Myth and, [45]
SI'WAN. Month sacred to Sin, [236]
SMITH, GEORGE. Reference to archæological labours, [46], [155], [347]-[354];
discovery of, re Bel, [101];
discovery of, re Tiglath-pileser II, [299];
Babylonian and Assyrian poetry and, [322]
SMYR'NA. Mother of Adonis, reference to, [127]
SOUL. Supposed to reside in the liver, [281]
SPAIN. Mohammedanism in, [332]
SPEAKING HEAD, THE. Laban and, [267]
SPIRIT-S. Assyrian, [277], [278]
SOKK-A'ROS. First king to reign in Babylonia after the deluge, [157];
Ælian the grandson of, [157]
SOOTHSAYERS. Sennacherib and, [260]
SOR-ACCH'US. Magistrate, who sends Sinonis to Babylon, [58]
SORCERERS. Chaldean, and the magic circle, [275], [276]
SRA-O'SHA. Soul carried by, to the beyond, [336], [337]
STAR-S. Formed by Belus, [115];
Babylonian worship of, [231]-[238];
ideograph the same for 'god' and, [234];
the sun the shepherd of the, [236];
Anu the Pole, [236];
Bel the Pole (equator), [236];
Ea and star in constellation Argo, [236];
-gazers of Chaldea, [258]
ST IL'YA. Tammuz compared with, [127]
STONE. The Moabite, [190];
examined by Professors Socin and Smend, [190]
STRA-BRO-BA'TES. King of India;
Semiramis makes war on, [26], [27]
'SU-ME'RI-AN.' Modern equivalent for the old expression 'Akkadian,' [15]
SUN. Merodach's ideograph is the, [202];
known as the 'Way of Anu,' [234];
the 'Bull of Light,' [290]
SUN-GOD. See Gods.
SUPERSTITION-S. In Chaldea, [280], [281]
SU'SA. Monument of Naram-Sin unearthed by de Morgan at, [17];
copy of Khammurabi's code found at, by J. de Morgan, [21]
SUS'I-AN. Language; alternative, Median, [65]
SUS'IN-AY. Idol of, [304]
SYRIA. Palestine and, invaded by Sargon, [17];
worship of Hadad in, [188];
the Canaanites first dwellers in, [324]
SYSTEM-S. Official, of religion in Babylonia and Assyria, [92];
of religion in Babylonia, [199];
religious, of ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Yucatan;
reference to, [204];
Hellenic and Roman, [235];
religions—Judaism, Christianity, Mohammedanism, [313];
of religious races in Asia Minor, [324];
Zarathustra's moral, [334]
T
'TABLET HILL.' Haynes' discoveries at, [360];
the temple library in, [363];
King Nabonidos' (Nabonidus) vase found at, [364]
TABLETS. Twelve, of the Gilgamesh epic, [155], [158], [159];
detailed examination of, [161]-[180];

of Destiny, [193]-[195];
cuneiform, dealing with magic, [261], [262];
Surpu and Maklu, series of, [262];
the deluge, discovered by Smith, [347], [351], [352];
discovered by Rassam, [354];
of Nabopolasser, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabonidus, Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius, [358]
TAB'OO. Prayers, etc., against, [262];
belief in, in Chaldea, [278];
known in Babylonia as mamit, [278]
TAM'MUZ. One of the guardians of the gates of heaven, [118];
Ishtar's search for, [126];
myth of, [126]-[129];
name derived from Dumu-zi, [126];
Professor Sayce and, [126];
addressed as 'shepherd and lord' in Akkadian hymn, [126];
Ishtar, consort of, [127];
Adonis myth related to that of, [131];
Sir James Frazer's Golden Bough and, [134];
lamentations for, [135], [136], [140];
a god of vegetation, [137], [138];
Nin-Girsu (Shulgur) identified with, [144];
the bridegroom of Ishtar's youth, [167];
Dido and, [190];
Ninib and, [216]
TAM'MUZ-A-DO'NIS. Worshipped in Carthage, [330]
TAM'TU. Assyrian term signifying 'the deep sea,' [72]
TA'NIT. Goddess of the heavens and the moon;
compared with Demeter, [330];
inscriptions to, [330];
identified with Dido, [331]
TA'NITH. Goddess, honoured at Carthage, [328]
TASH'MIT. Nebo's consort, [102], [185], [186];
patron of writing, [185]
TAU'RUS, SIGN OF. Represented by the slaying of the celestial bull, Alu, [182]
TELL AM'RAN. Mound of, [374]
TEL-LÔ. Ernest de Sarzec's researches at, [355], [356]
TEMPLE-S. Of Bel, [101]-[105], [227];
of Nebo and Tashmit, [102];
of Ea and Nusku, [102];
of Bel and Anu, [102];
of Belus, reference to, [103];
of Ea, [111];
of Belus, reference to, [114];
of Dagon, at Ashdod and Gaza, [151];
of Merodach, at Babylon, [185], [374];
of Asshur, [207];
of Sin, at Calah, [223];
priesthood, cult and, [239]-[241];
of Babylonia and Assyria, [242]-[251];
oldest, in Babylonia, was E-Kur, [248];
as banks, [250];
begun by Esar-haddon, [305];
Saggal, of Merodach, [305];
Sidda, [306];
of Ashtart or Ishtar, at Sidon and Askelon, [327];
to Apollo, [330];
Zoroastrian, [335];
of Nebo, [348];
of Babylon, [373]-[375]
TE'RAH. Father of Abraham, [51], [52]
TESTAMENT, OLD. Nergal mentioned in, [105];
Dagon in, [151], [152];
David of the, [190];
poetical form of, [322]
TEUTONIC. Celtic religion and, compared, [316], [317]
TEXTS, CUNEIFORM. See Cuneiform
TEXTS, MAGICAL. Dawkina alluded to in, [197];
Anu mentioned in, [197], [198];
a series known as 'Maklu,' [261], [262]
TEZ-CAT-LI-PO'CA. Reference to, [222]
THAL-ATH. Chaldaic equivalent for Omorca, [114]
THEIAS, KING. Reference to, [132]
T'hom or 'DEEP.' Tiawath a parallel to the Old Testament expression, [72]
THOMES. French exploration expedition and, [347]
THOTH. Reference to, [185], [222], [224], [228]
THUNDER-BIRD. North-American Indian conception, [193]
THUNDER-GOD. Hadada, [188], [189]
TI'A-MAT. Variant of Tiawath, [71]
TI'AWATH. Variant, Tiamat, [71];
a parallel to Old Testament expression T'hom (or 'deep'), [72], [73];
her ill-will toward the gods of heaven, [76]-[78];
her death by Merodach, [78], [199];
the 'fish' of Jonah and, [87];
chaos, [193];
slaughter of, enacted, [201];
the host of, [232];
not the only Babylonian monster, [289]
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER I. Alternative, Tukulit-pal-E-saria, King of Assyria, [23];
god Bel (En-lil) and, [95];
Ishtar and, [212];
Ninib and, [214], [216];
Shamash and, [222];
Merodach and, [227];
Rawlinson discovers annals of, [346]
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER II. Tales of, [299]-[301]
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER III. Second Assyrian Empire commenced with, [29];
conquers Babylon and is invested with the sovereignty of 'Asia,' [36]
TIGRIS. The river, [206], [342]
TOL'TECS. Reference to Aztecs, and, [226], [227]
TONGUES. Babylonian towers and legend of confusion of, [47];
legend of confusion of, found in Central America, [48];
among African tribes some such myth found, [49];
certain Australian and Mongolian peoples possess a similar tradition, [49]
TOOTHACHE MYTH, A, [262]
TOTEMISM. Signs of, in Babylonian religion, [92]
TOWER OF BABEL. Legend of confusion of tongues and, [47]. See Babel
TREE-S. Adonis and myrrh-, [137];
Osiris and tamarisk-, [137];
Attis and pine-, [137], [138];
Tammuz and cedar, [138]
TRIAD. See Trinity
TRIBAL DIVINITIES. The most outstanding, [94]
TRINITY, A. Tiawath, Apsu, and Mummu, [74];
Bel, Ea, and Anu, [97], [111], [191], [196]-[198];
En-lil, Ea, and Anu, [121];
of earth, air, and sea, [197];
Ramman, Sin, and Shamash, [219];
Ea, Anu, and Enlil evolved from demons, [268]
TSAI'DU. The hunter; Gilgamesh, Eabani, and, [163]-[166]
TSA'PHON. Carthaginian deity, [330]
TUK-UL'TI-IN-AR-IS'TI. Son of Shalmaneser I; takes Babylon
and slays its king, Bitilyasu, [22]
TUK-UL'TI-NIN'IP. Son of Shalmaneser I; inscriptions of, [351]
TYRE. Sidon and, in touch with Assyria, [327]
U
U-BA'RA-TU-TU. Shurippak son of, [173]
UB'SHU-KEN'NA (or Upshukkina-ku). The 'brilliant chamber' where the sun takes his rise, [252], [253]
UK'HUT. Eabani and, [129], [163];
one of the sacred women of the temple of Ishtar, [163]
UKK'U-MU (Seizer). Attendant hound of Merodach, [202]
UNDERWORLD, THE, [125], [128]-[132], [136];
Eabani descends into, [160];
description of, in VIIth of Gilgamesh tablets, [169]
UR. City from whence Abram came, a near neighbour of Eridu, colonized by Nippur, [15];
fall of the dynasty, [20];
Nannar, the moon-god, of, [145]-[149];
the moon-city, [249], [251]
U'ra. The legend of, [268]-[270]
UR-A-GAL, [175]
UR'BAU. Bau alluded to in inscriptions of, [144];
Zikkurat built by, at Nippur, [248]
UR'GA. A town in Mesopotamia; equivalents, Caramit and Diarbekr, [52]
UR-GUR. King of Assyria, [359], [366]
UR-NIN'IB. Reference to pavement of, [366]
U'RU. Canaanitish god of light; name found in Uru-Salim, [325]
URU-AZ-AG'GA. Bau's temple at, [145]
UR'UK. Place, [84]
URU-KAG-I'NA. Bau alluded to in inscriptions of, [144]
UT-NAP-ISH'TIM. Variant of Noah, [116], [160];
hero of Babylonian deluge myth, figures in Gilgamesh epic, [155], [158], [160];
Gilgamesh's ancestor, [170]-[173];
Gilgamesh seeks secret of perpetual life from, [173]-[178];
the deluge myth and, [173]-[178]
UT-UKKU. Ghost of Eabani designated, [181];
an evil spirit, [276]
UZ. God; worshipped under form of a goat, [93], [292]
UZZ'I-EL, JONATHAN, BEN. The targum of, [267]
V
VAMPIRES. Babylonian, [264]-[266]
VAN. Lake, [331]
VASH'TI. Reference to, [142];
Frazer on, [143]
VED'IC GODS. Reference to, [77]
VEGETATION. En-lil (Bel), a god of, [96];
Ishtar, 'great mother' of, [123], [137], [138], [168];
seven gates of Aralu and the decay of, [137];
Tammuz, a god of, [137], [138], [140];
Adonis and Aphrodite connected with, [139];
Ceres, a corn-mother, [139];
Proserpine, same nature, [139];
Osiris introduced corn into Egypt, [139];
Mordecai as god of, [144];
Humman an Elamite god of, [144]
VE'NUS. Star;
Abram and, [55];
temple of, [58];
Ishtar and, [124], [235]
VIR'GO, SIGN OF. Ishtar and the, [182]
W
WAR. Ishtar, goddess of, [127], [213], [214];
-god, Ninib a, [214];
-god, Ramman a, [221]
WAR-KÂ. Work of Loftus at, [346], [347]
WATER. Purification by, [270]
WATERS OF DEATH. Gilgamesh crosses, [158], [159]
WESTERGAARD. Median language and, [65]
WIND, SOUTH. Adapa and the, story of, [116]-[121];
variant, Shutu, [117]
WINDOWS. None in Nebuchadrezzar's palace at Babylon, [369]
WITCH. Known as Kassaptu, [261];
-finding, [272]-[275];
-orgies in France, [293]
WIZARDS. Priestly, [260]-[262];
known as Kassapu, [261]
WORD OF POWER, THE. The magicians of Chaldea and, [263]
WORSHIP. Of gods by gods, [77];
of gods under animal forms, [92], [93];
of Bel, [98]-[101];
of Shamash, [109];
of Aa, [110];
of Ishtar, [124];
of Dagon, [151];
of Merodach, [184], [185];
of Nebo, [184], [185];
of Hadad, in Syria, [188];
of the Sun-god in Canaan and Phœnicia, [190];
of Dodo or Dod, by the side of Yahveh, [190];
of Ramman, [219], [220];
of Aztecs and Toltecs, [226], [227];
of stars, Babylonian, [231]-[238];
lunar, [236];
moon-, [249];
Semitic, and lamentations, [253];
of the gazelle and goat, [292]-[294];
of great earth-mother, [318], [319];
of ancestors; Canaanites, [326];
of Moloch, [328];
Carthaginian, [329]-[332];
Zoroastrian, [332]-[336];
of fire, [335], etc.
WRITING, CUNEIFORM. Restoration of, [60]-[67];
Josaphat Barbara and, [61];
Pietro della Valle and, [61];
Sir John Chardin and, [61];
Niebuhr and, [61];
Tychsen and, [61];
Münter and, [61];
Georg Grotefend, and, [62];
Professor Lassen and, [63];
Burnouf and, [63];
Major Henry Rawlinson and, [64]-[66];
Westergaard and, [65];
Morris and, [65];
Löwenstern and, [65];
Hinks and, [65];
Longpérier and, [66];
origin of, [66], [67];
on obelisk of Shalmaneser II, [343]
WRITING-S. Religions, of Babylonia, [67];
of Oannes, [113]-[116];
Nebo credited, like Ea, with the invention of, [185];
Tashmit patron of, [185];
stars, the, of heaven, [231];
Zarathustrian sacred, [334]
X
XER'XES, KING. Reference to, [141];
Esther, the crown-name of Jewish wife of, [143]
Y
YAH'WEH. The Hebrew name of God, [49];
worship of, by the side of Dodo, by the Israelites, [190]
YAR'AN. Sargon and, [210], [211]
YEAR, NEW. See New
Z
ZAB. The river, [207]
ZAG-MU'KU (Zak-muk). Festival of Sacæa or, [141];
goddess Bau and, [251]
ZAK-MUK. See Zag-muku.
ZA'MAMA. Court of Ishtar and, [101]
ZA-RA-THUS'TRA. See Zoroaster
ZAR-PA-NI'TUM. Goddess, wife of Merodach, [186], [202];
Ealur amalgamated with, [186]
ZECH-A-RI'AH. Allusion of, to Hadad-Rimmon, [189]
ZED-EK-I'AH. King of Jerusalem; Nebuchadrezzar and, [37]
ZEUS. Reference to, [132], [315]
ZIG-A-RUN. Variant of Apsu, [72]
ZIK-KU-RAT-S. Staged towers;
described, [242], [246];
of Assur-bani-pal, [365]
ZI'RAT-BA'NIT. The seat of, [306]
ZIS-U'THROS, KING. Berossus substitutes, for Ut-Napishtim, [177], [178]
ZO'DIAC. Signs of the, in the Babylonian astrological system, [183], [231], [232];
the goat, one of the signs of the, [292]
ZOG-A'NES. The, of the Sacæa, [142]
ZOR-O-AS'TER. The religion of, [332];
earliest form of name Zarathustra, [333];
a Mede, [333];
good and evil principles of religion of, [334]
ZU. The storm-god;
retained a bird-like form, [93], [193]-[195];
legend of, [193]-[195]
ZU-BIRD. The bird roc, in Arabian Nights, a possible descendant of, [193]