[ 2]. F.W. Taylor, Paper 647, A.S.M.E., para. 33, para. 59.
[ 3]. Hugo Diemer, Factory Organization and Administration, p. 5.
[ 4]. James M. Dodge, Paper 1115, A.S.M.E., p. 723.
[ 5]. F.W. Taylor, Shop Management, para. 310-311, Harper Ed., pp. 142-143.
[ 6]. See also C.U. Carpenter, Profit Making in Shop and Factory Management, pp. 113-115. For an extended and excellent account of the theory of well-known methods of compensating workmen, see C.B. Going, Principles of Industrial Engineering, chap. VIII.
[CHAPTER X]
WELFARE
Definition of Welfare. — "Welfare" means "a state or condition of doing well; prosperous or satisfactory course or relation; exemption from evil;" in other words, well-being. This is the primary meaning of the word. But, to-day, it is used so often as an adjective, to describe work which is being attempted for the good of industrial workers, that any use of the word welfare has that fringe of meaning to it.
"Welfare" Here Includes Two Meanings. — In the discussion of welfare in this chapter, both meanings of the word will be included. "Welfare" under each form of management will be discussed, first, as meaning the outcome to the men of the type of management itself; and second, as discussing the sort of welfare work which is used under that form of management.