At Santa Cecilia many recently metamorphosed young and juveniles were found in June and July 1968. Most of these were on low bushes or herbs in swamp forest at night; some were found in unfolded Heliconia leaves by day, and one was observed on the forest floor by day. Snout-vent lengths of 18 specimens are 12.3-17.0 (mean 15.1) mm. The smaller frogs were recently metamorphosed as evidenced by the melanophore deposits above the vent. The coloration of the young is strikingly different from that of the adults (see account of O. leprieurii), so the association of the young and adults was not made until individuals with intermediate patterns were obtained at Lago Agrio in May 1969. Probably juveniles obtained in June and July are the offspring of an April or May breeding. We have been unable to associate tadpoles with this species.
Osteocephalus taurinus.—A small chorus occurred at Lago Agrio on 12 May 1969. Males were calling from the ground adjacent to a small pool amidst recently felled trees. The males were very wary and, when approached, jumped onto limbs and ran up branches; this behavior was noted by Bokermann (1964). The call consists of a series of low-pitched, short notes—like a slow trill—four to six notes per call group. Call groups are repeated two, three, or four times followed by a lapse of several minutes. Although no amplectant pairs were found, several gravid females were collected at Lago Agrio in May, so it can be safely assumed that the species breeds in May. From April through July occasional individuals were observed on bushes and trees at night. During clearing operations at Lago Agrio several individuals were obtained from the tops of trees as they were felled.
Osteocephalus verrucigerus.—Observations were made in a broad, shallow ravine, in which there was a small stream. On 2-4 August 1968, males were observed calling from low bushes and rocks at the edge of a quiet pool in the stream. The call consists of a series of well-pulsed, low-pitched, guttural notes produced at the rate of 5-10 per minute. One amplectant pair was found at the base of a bush adjacent to the pool on 3 August. Another female was found on a branch of a tree 2 m above the ground and 10 m from the stream. Tadpoles of this species were found in the quiet silt-bottomed pool.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED
The localities for each of the specimens examined are given in the following paragraphs. The arrangement of the data is as follows: alphabetically by country, state (department or province), and locality; alphabetically by the first letter in the abbreviations for the museums, and numerically after each museum abbreviation. Specimens lacking precise locality data are listed first in the most restricted political unit possible; localities which have not been found on maps or the positions of which are not known to us are given in quotation marks. Where more than one specimen is included under one museum number, the number of specimens is given in parentheses after the museum number. Unless noted otherwise, all specimens are alcoholics.
Osteocephalus buckleyi
BOLIVIA: El Beni: Ivón, BMNH 1967.2070-1. Santa Cruz: Buenavista, CM 4333, 4339, UMMZ 66563-5.
BRASIL: Amapá: No specific locality, WCAB 13284.
COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Río Guacaya, USNM 152759. Huila: Acevedo, Río Suaza, FMNH 69702. Nariño: Rumiyacu, FMNH 54756. Meta: Río Guejar, Campamento La Macarena, USNM 152199.
ECUADOR: No specific locality, NHMW 6209, WCAB 35499. Chimborazo: Pallatanga, BMNH 1947.2.13.46; Santiago, FMNH 42529. Morona-Santiago: "Río Santiago" (= Río Zamora), MIZS 2950. Napo: Lago Agrio, KU 126646; Puerto Libre, Río Aguarico, KU 123172; Santa Cecilia, AUM 8138, KU 105208-9, 109506, 123171. Pastaza: Alpayacu, BMNH 1912.11.1.64; Canelos, BMNH 1947.2.13.40-1, 1947.2.13.43-5; Colonia Mena, Río Conambo, ZSM 33/1962; Don Tomás, USNM 166014; Guaché, Río Pastaza, AMNH 79986; Río Bobonaza, USNM 166005; Río Capahuari, USNM 166554; Río Conambo at Río Shiona-yacu, USNM 166018; Río Copataza, upper Río Pastaza, USNM 166007-13; Río Pastaza, NHRM 1946; Río Pucyacu, USNM 165997 (skeleton), 165998-6001; Río Rutuno, USNM 166006; Río Villano, USNM 166002-4; Sarayacu, BMNH 1947.2.13.36-9, MCZ 26090, ZMB 10166.