[134] U. S. v. Debs, 65 Fed. Rep. 210 (1895).
[135] In Re Debs, 158 U. S. 564 (1895). See also Fairlie, National Administration, p. 38; Cleveland, The Government in the Chicago Strike, passim, and 23 McClure’s Magazine, p. 227.
[136] 2 Stat. L. 592.
[137] 35 Stat. L. 1131. See Postal Laws and Regulations of 1913, p. 255.
[138] Publications which violate copyrights granted by the United States cannot be mailed. In this case the postal power is used to make more effectual legislation which it was competent for Congress to enact. See Postal Laws and Regulations of 1913, p. 264.
[139] 13 Stat. L. 507; 17 Stat. L. 283, 302.
[140] Postal Laws and Regulations of 1913, p. 264.
[141] As to when one, who does not personally mail non-mailable matter, may be regarded as causing it to be deposited in the mails, see Demolli v. U. S., 144 Fed. Rep. 363 (1906); 6 L. R. A. n. s. 424, and note. Importation into the United States of obscene matter or articles of an immoral nature was forbidden by the act of March 2, 1857, 11 Stat. L. 168.
[142] “For more than thirty years, not only has the transmission of obscene matter been prohibited, but it has been made a crime, punishable by fine or imprisonment, for a person to deposit such matter in the mails. The constitutionality of this law, we believe, has never been attacked.” Public Clearing House v. Coyne, 194 U. S. 497 (1904), but see Dunlop v. U. S., 165 U. S. 486 (1897), and U. S. v. Popper, 98 Fed. Rep. 423 (1899).
[143] U. S. v. Chase, 135 U. S. 255 (1890). The statute applied to any “book, pamphlet, picture, writing, print, or other publication” of an obscene character. R. S. sec. 3893. The prosecution in the Chase case arose before the act of September 26, 1888, which the Court refused to consider, and which extended the inhibition to sealed letters. 25 Stat. L. 496.