CHAPTER X.
Tunstall—Early Potters—Enoch Booth—Child—Winter—Unicorn and Pinnox Works—Greenfield Works—Newfield Works—George Street Pottery—Phœnix Works—Sandyford—Lion Works—Victoria Works—Swan Bank Works—Church Bank Works—Well Street Works—Old Works—Black Bank—High Street Works—Woodland Pottery—Greengate Pottery—Sandyford Works—Tunstall Works—Highgate Pottery—Clay Hill Pottery—Royal Albert Works—Soho Works—Marshall & Co.—Walton—Stevenson—Birch—Eastwood—Shorthose & Co.—Heath & Son—Newcastle-under-Lyme—Tobacco-pipes—Charles Riggs—Garden Edgings—Thomas Wood—Terra-cotta Works—Armitage—Lichfield—Penkhull, &c. &c.
The Tunstall potters enumerated by Shaw in 1829 are: John Mear, T. Goodfellow, Ralph Hall, S. & J. Rathbone, J. Boden, Bourne, Nixon & Co., Breeze & Co., and Burrows & Co. Ward in 1842 enumerates seventeen manufactories at Tunstall; these were as under. China and earthenware, three, viz.: Hancock & Wright, Bill & Proctor, and Rathbone & Brummitt. Earthenware only, twelve, viz.: Wood & Challinor, Thos. Goodfellow, John Meir & Son, Joseph Heath & Co., Hall & Holland, Wm. Adams, Jun., & Co. (Greenfield), Podmore, Walker & Co. (two manufactories), James Beech (two), Thos. Bowley, and Mayer & Mawdesley. China toys and black ware, two, viz.: Michael Tunnicliffe and John Harrison. Mr. Abraham Lowndes was also a manufacturer here. Messrs. James Beech & Abraham Lowndes had a manufactory here in 1829.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the common coarse brown ware of the period was made at Golden Hill, near Tunstall, and later on the ordinary “brown chequered and Porto Bello wares were made.” In the beginning of this century there was a small establishment for the manufacture of cream colour and porcelain, but it is now (says Shaw in 1829) discontinued, and the building is converted into dwelling-houses. At Green Lane, Golden Hill, coarse black and brown ware was formerly made.
Enoch Booth.—This potter established a manufactory at Cliff Bank, Tunstall, and about 1750 commenced making cream-coloured ware of a superior kind, “which was coated with a glaze of lead ore and ground flint.” He married Ann, one of the daughters of Thomas Child, of Tunstall, on a part of whose property he settled and commenced his works. By this marriage he had, with other issue, a daughter Ann, who married Anthony Keeling, by whom he was succeeded in business. The works were afterwards carried on by Mr. T. Goodfellow. Keeling about 1793 built a large residence adjoining his works, and in 1810 retired from business; he died at Liverpool in 1866 (see [Phœnix Works]).
Child.—About 1763 Mr. Smith Child established a pottery here, which was afterwards carried on by Mr. Clive. It was subsequently occupied by Messrs. Joseph Heath & Co., Mr. Anthony Shaw, and the Messrs. Adams. Some examples are known which bear the impressed name CHILD (see [Newfield Works]).
Winter.—“Early in the present century,” says Shaw, “Captain Winter having boasted that the articles of his manufacture at Tunstall were the only true porcelain made in Staffordshire, experienced no little chagrin on ascertaining that his ware would fuse at a heat much below that usually required,” &c.